Fourier Series and Transform Applied to Gap Filling of Wind Intensity Time Series from Almirante Álvaro Alberto Nuclear Plant, Rio de Janeiro - Brazil

n this work is proposed a methodology, based on the Fourier Series and Fourier Transform, as a gap filling technique in a time series of wind intensity from a meteorological tower located at Almirante Álvaro Alberto Nuclear Power Plant (CNAAA), Rio de Janeiro - Brazil. The time series comprises the period 1982-2001, with three periods without gaps. The periods ranged from July/1988 to September/1988, from October/1988 to December/1988 and from September/1999 to May/2000. The series were vectorially decomposed into zonal and meridional components, after which artificial gaps were generated. The Fourier series were used and later the coefficients of the Fourier transform were calculated. The cut limits were chosen for each spectrum of each component of the wind. The new coefficients were applied in the Inverse Fourier Transform for the fault times, generating predicted values of the vector wind components, to fill the artificial gaps. The forecasts were multiplied by gain factors so that their intensity was better adjusted. The three periods were statistically evaluated based on the linear regression model (MLR), linear correlation coefficient (r), curve fitting, standard error of estimation (EPE, ms -1), concordance index (r2) and index of Willmot’s agreement and confidence index (c). The visual analysis of series reconstructions indicates that the method reproduces the wind intensities in a reasonably satisfactory way. In spite of this, the statistical analysis of index (c), in general, showed a poor performance of the wind components in the three periods, and may be due to the phase difference demonstrated in the reconstructions. The methodology can be applied, with caveats, to the other existing towers in the CNAAA, only being restricted the condition of transition of the flow regime between sea breeze circulation and katatic wind, followed by the gain factor for larger time series

Association between nitrogen and seed inoculation with bacteria diazotrópica in Maize

O Brasil é o terceiro maior produtor mundial de milho e mais de 50% desta produção está concentrada no Cerrado. Esta produção está relacionada ao fornecimento adequado de nutrientes, especialmente o nitrogênio (N), que é fornecido via adubação mineral, contudo a inoculação das sementes com bactérias diazotrópicas tem complementado as necessidades da cultura. Neste estudo avaliou-se o desenvolvimento e a produção da cultura do milho cultivado com diferentes doses de N, na presença e ausência de Azospirillum. Com delineamento de blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial (5 x 2), sendo cinco doses de N (0, 50, 100, 150 e 200 kg ha-1), duas formas de inoculação da bactéria (1 – Com, 2 – Sem), com seis repetições. Mediu-se a altura da planta, inserção, comprimento e diâmetro da espiga, massa de mil grãos, percentual de grãos ardidos e produtividade. A inoculação das sementes de milho com a bactéria Azospirillum brasilense melhora a eficiência da planta na absorção do nitrogênio disponível. O diâmetro de espiga e a produtividade aumentaram linearmente com as doses de nitrogênio na presença da bactéria. A inoculação da semente com a bactéria não substitui o uso de fertilizantes nitrogenados, mas melhora a resposta da planta à adubação, especialmente em doses elevadas.Brazil is the world's third largest producer of corn and over 50% of this production is concentrated in the Cerrado. This production is related to adequate supply of nutrients, especially nitrogen (N), which is provided via mineral fertilization, however the inoculation of seeds with bacteria has complemented the needs of culture. This study evaluated the development and production of cultivated maize with different doses of N in the presence and absence of Azospirillum. With a randomized block design in a factorial scheme (5 x 2), with five N rates (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg ha-1), two forms of inoculation of bacteria (1 - with, 2 - Without) with six replications. Measured the height of the plant, insertion length and diameter of the ear, thousand grain weight, percentage of crop burned and productivity. The inoculation of corn seeds with the bacterium Azospirillum brasilense improves the efficiency of the plant in the uptake of nitrogen available. The diameter of the cob and productivity increased linearly with the dose of nitrogen in the presence of the bacteria. The inoculation of seed with the bacterium does not replace the use of nitrogenous fertilizers, but improves the response of the plant to nitrogen, especially in high doses.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Association between nitrogen and seed inoculation with bacteria diazotrópica in Maize

Brazil is the world's third largest producer of corn and over 50% of this production is concentrated in the Cerrado. This production is related to adequate supply of nutrients, especially nitrogen (N), which is provided via mineral fertilization, however the inoculation of seeds with bacteria has complemented the needs of culture. This study evaluated the development and production of cultivated maize with different doses of N in the presence and absence of Azospirillum. With a randomized block design in a factorial scheme (5 x 2), with five N rates (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg ha-1), two forms of inoculation of bacteria (1 - with, 2 - Without) with six replications. Measured the height of the plant, insertion length and diameter of the ear, thousand grain weight, percentage of crop burned and productivity. The inoculation of corn seeds with the bacterium Azospirillum brasilense improves the efficiency of the plant in the uptake of nitrogen available. The diameter of the cob and productivity increased linearly with the dose of nitrogen in the presence of the bacteria. The inoculation of seed with the bacterium does not replace the use of nitrogenous fertilizers, but improves the response of the plant to nitrogen, especially in high doses.O Brasil é o terceiro maior produtor mundial de milho e mais de 50% desta produção está concentrada no Cerrado. Esta produção está relacionada ao fornecimento adequado de nutrientes, especialmente o nitrogênio (N), que é fornecido via adubação mineral, contudo a inoculação das sementes com bactérias diazotrópicas tem complementado as necessidades da cultura. Neste estudo avaliou-se o desenvolvimento e a produção da cultura do milho cultivado com diferentes doses de N, na presença e ausência de Azospirillum. Com delineamento de blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial (5 x 2), sendo cinco doses de N (0, 50, 100, 150 e 200 kg ha-1), duas formas de inoculação da bactéria (1 – Com, 2 – Sem), com seis repetições. Mediu-se a altura da planta, inserção, comprimento e diâmetro da espiga, massa de mil grãos, percentual de grãos ardidos e produtividade. A inoculação das sementes de milho com a bactéria Azospirillum brasilense melhora a eficiência da planta na absorção do nitrogênio disponível. O diâmetro de espiga e a produtividade aumentaram linearmente com as doses de nitrogênio na presença da bactéria. A inoculação da semente com a bactéria não substitui o uso de fertilizantes nitrogenados, mas melhora a resposta da planta à adubação, especialmente em doses elevadas

The Fourteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey and from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment

The fourth generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) has been in operation since July 2014. This paper describes the second data release from this phase, and the fourteenth from SDSS overall (making this, Data Release Fourteen or DR14). This release makes public data taken by SDSS-IV in its first two years of operation (July 2014-2016). Like all previous SDSS releases, DR14 is cumulative, including the most recent reductions and calibrations of all data taken by SDSS since the first phase began operations in 2000. New in DR14 is the first public release of data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS); the first data from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory (APO) Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE-2), including stellar parameter estimates from an innovative data driven machine learning algorithm known as "The Cannon"; and almost twice as many data cubes from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO (MaNGA) survey as were in the previous release (N = 2812 in total). This paper describes the location and format of the publicly available data from SDSS-IV surveys. We provide references to the important technical papers describing how these data have been taken (both targeting and observation details) and processed for scientific use. The SDSS website (www.sdss.org) has been updated for this release, and provides links to data downloads, as well as tutorials and examples of data use. SDSS-IV is planning to continue to collect astronomical data until 2020, and will be followed by SDSS-V.Comment: SDSS-IV collaboration alphabetical author data release paper. DR14 happened on 31st July 2017. 19 pages, 5 figures. Accepted by ApJS on 28th Nov 2017 (this is the "post-print" and "post-proofs" version; minor corrections only from v1, and most of errors found in proofs corrected

Local hydrological conditions influence tree diversity and composition across the Amazon basin

Tree diversity and composition in Amazonia are known to be strongly determined by the water supplied by precipitation. Nevertheless, within the same climatic regime, water availability is modulated by local topography and soil characteristics (hereafter referred to as local hydrological conditions), varying from saturated and poorly drained to well-drained and potentially dry areas. While these conditions may be expected to influence species distribution, the impacts of local hydrological conditions on tree diversity and composition remain poorly understood at the whole Amazon basin scale. Using a dataset of 443 1-ha non-flooded forest plots distributed across the basin, we investigate how local hydrological conditions influence 1) tree alpha diversity, 2) the community-weighted wood density mean (CWM-wd) – a proxy for hydraulic resistance and 3) tree species composition. We find that the effect of local hydrological conditions on tree diversity depends on climate, being more evident in wetter forests, where diversity increases towards locations with well-drained soils. CWM-wd increased towards better drained soils in Southern and Western Amazonia. Tree species composition changed along local soil hydrological gradients in Central-Eastern, Western and Southern Amazonia, and those changes were correlated with changes in the mean wood density of plots. Our results suggest that local hydrological gradients filter species, influencing the diversity and composition of Amazonian forests. Overall, this study shows that the effect of local hydrological conditions is pervasive, extending over wide Amazonian regions, and reinforces the importance of accounting for local topography and hydrology to better understand the likely response and resilience of forests to increased frequency of extreme climate events and rising temperatures

Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities

Aim: Amazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types. Location: Amazonia. Taxon: Angiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots). Methods: Data for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran\u27s eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny. Results: In the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R$^{2}$ = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R$^{2}$ = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types. Main Conclusion: Numerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (>66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions

Open innovation in public management: analysis of the Brazilian action plan for Open Government Partnership

Este estudo objetivou analisar o Plano de Ação brasileiro para o Governo Aberto, baseado na teoria da inovação aberta na gestão pública. Utilizou-se de uma pesquisa documental, com vistas a aprofundar o conhecimento do fenômeno em questão. O documento foi escolhido intencionalmente, por ser exemplo basilar das políticas públicas relacionadas à inovação aberta brasileira. Os resultados mostram que os compromissos firmados pelo governo brasileiro estão consoantes com o processo de inovação aberta pública. As ações previstas no Plano estão especificamente relacionadas a transparência, abertura de dados e preparação do corpo estatal para o processo aberto de inovação. _________________________________________________________________________________________ RESUMEN: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar el Plan de Acción de Brasil para el Gobierno Abierto con base en la teoría de la innovación abierta en la gestión pública. Se utilizó una investigación documental, con el fin de profundizar el conocimiento en el fenómeno en cuestión. El documento fue elegido intencionadamente porque es fundamental para las políticas públicas relacionadas con la innovación abierta brasileña. Los resultados muestran que los compromisos asumidos por el gobierno brasileño son compatibles con el proceso de innovación abierta pública. En concreto, las acciones contenidas en el plan están relacionados con la transparencia, los datos abiertos y preparación de la estructura de gobierno para el proceso abierto de innovación. _________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT: This study aims to analyze the Brazilian action plan for Open Government, based on the theory of open innovation in public management. Documentary research was used, in order to deepen of the knowledge the phenomenon being discussed . The document was intentionally chosen because it is essential for public policies related to Brazilian open innovation The results show that the commitments made by the Brazilian government are compatible with the public open innovation process. The actions in the Plan are related specifically to transparency, open data and preparation of the governance body for the open innovation process

Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities

AimAmazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types.LocationAmazonia.TaxonAngiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots).MethodsData for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran's eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny.ResultsIn the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R2 = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R2 = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types.Main ConclusionNumerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (>66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions