Mortality due to malnutrition among children aged five and younger: five years before and after the implementation of the mana program. Antioquia, 1998-2007

ABSTRACT: To evaluate the mortality trends among children aged five and younger in the department of Antioquia (Colombia), where deaths are due to or associated with malnutrition. The time period studied was before and after the implementation of the mana program, from 1998 to 2007. Methodology: an ecological study was conducted to analyze the mortality trends in children under five in the regions of Antioquia before and after the implementation of the mana program. Data was analyzed using the Chi Square association and trend test. The Jointpoint regression was applied to analyze the mortality trend, and a factorial analysis was conducted by extracting the principal components. Results: a decreasing trend in mortality was observed during the time frame of the study. A statistically significant inflexion was observed in the general analysis of the Antioquia department in the year 2000, with an annual variation of -8.30% and a decreasing trend. Analysis revealed the inflexion points for the different regions of Antioquia: the year 2000 for the regions called Valle de Aburrá, Nordeste, Occidente, Oriente, and Suroeste, 2001 for Bajo Cauca, 2005 for Urabá, 2003 for Norte and 2004 for Magdalena Medio. Conclusion: A decreasing trend in mortality due to and associated with malnutrition was observed in each of the Antioquia regions during the time frame studied. This trend started before the implementation of the mana program.RESUMEN: Analizar el comportamiento de la mortalidad por y asociada a la desnutrición, en menores de cinco años; cinco años antes y cinco años después de la implementación del programa mana en las regiones del departamento de Antioquia entre 1998 a 2007. Metodología: estudio ecológico para el análisis del comportamiento de la mortalidad en menores de cinco años ocurridas en las regiones de Antioquia, antes y después de la creación del programa mana. Se calculó chi cuadrado de asociación y tendencia; así como el análisis de tendencia con la regresión de Jointpoint y se realizó análisis factorial a través de la extracción de componentes principales. Resultados: se observó tendencia a la disminución de la mortalidad a través de los años de estudio. En el análisis general de Antioquia, se identificó un punto de inflexión en el año 2000, el cual fue estadísticamente significativo con una variación de -8,30 con tendencia al descenso. En las regiones se identificó que Valle de Aburrá, Nordeste, Occidente, Oriente, Suroeste el punto de inflexión fue en 2000, Bajo Cauca 2001, Urabá 2002, Norte 2003 y Magdalena Medio, 2004. Conclusión: se observó tendencia en disminución de la mortalidad por desnutrición en las regiones de Antioquia en el período analizado, descenso que se presenta desde años anteriores a la implementación de mana

The Human Phenotype Ontology in 2024: phenotypes around the world.

The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) is a widely used resource that comprehensively organizes and defines the phenotypic features of human disease, enabling computational inference and supporting genomic and phenotypic analyses through semantic similarity and machine learning algorithms. The HPO has widespread applications in clinical diagnostics and translational research, including genomic diagnostics, gene-disease discovery, and cohort analytics. In recent years, groups around the world have developed translations of the HPO from English to other languages, and the HPO browser has been internationalized, allowing users to view HPO term labels and in many cases synonyms and definitions in ten languages in addition to English. Since our last report, a total of 2239 new HPO terms and 49235 new HPO annotations were developed, many in collaboration with external groups in the fields of psychiatry, arthrogryposis, immunology and cardiology. The Medical Action Ontology (MAxO) is a new effort to model treatments and other measures taken for clinical management. Finally, the HPO consortium is contributing to efforts to integrate the HPO and the GA4GH Phenopacket Schema into electronic health records (EHRs) with the goal of more standardized and computable integration of rare disease data in EHRs

The psychological science accelerator’s COVID-19 rapid-response dataset

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Psychological Science Accelerator coordinated three large-scale psychological studies to examine the effects of loss-gain framing, cognitive reappraisals, and autonomy framing manipulations on behavioral intentions and affective measures. The data collected (April to October 2020) included specific measures for each experimental study, a general questionnaire examining health prevention behaviors and COVID-19 experience, geographical and cultural context characterization, and demographic information for each participant. Each participant started the study with the same general questions and then was randomized to complete either one longer experiment or two shorter experiments. Data were provided by 73,223 participants with varying completion rates. Participants completed the survey from 111 geopolitical regions in 44 unique languages/dialects. The anonymized dataset described here is provided in both raw and processed formats to facilitate re-use and further analyses. The dataset offers secondary analytic opportunities to explore coping, framing, and self-determination across a diverse, global sample obtained at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, which can be merged with other time-sampled or geographic data

In COVID-19 Health Messaging, Loss Framing Increases Anxiety with Little-to-No Concomitant Benefits: Experimental Evidence from 84 Countries

The COVID-19 pandemic (and its aftermath) highlights a critical need to communicate health information effectively to the global public. Given that subtle differences in information framing can have meaningful effects on behavior, behavioral science research highlights a pressing question: Is it more effective to frame COVID-19 health messages in terms of potential losses (e.g., "If you do not practice these steps, you can endanger yourself and others") or potential gains (e.g., "If you practice these steps, you can protect yourself and others")? Collecting data in 48 languages from 15,929 participants in 84 countries, we experimentally tested the effects of message framing on COVID-19-related judgments, intentions, and feelings. Loss- (vs. gain-) framed messages increased self-reported anxiety among participants cross-nationally with little-to-no impact on policy attitudes, behavioral intentions, or information seeking relevant to pandemic risks. These results were consistent across 84 countries, three variations of the message framing wording, and 560 data processing and analytic choices. Thus, results provide an empirical answer to a global communication question and highlight the emotional toll of loss-framed messages. Critically, this work demonstrates the importance of considering unintended affective consequences when evaluating nudge-style interventions

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

The Psychological Science Accelerator’s COVID-19 rapid-response dataset

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Psychological Science Accelerator coordinated three large-scale psychological studies to examine the effects of loss-gain framing, cognitive reappraisals, and autonomy framing manipulations on behavioral intentions and affective measures. The data collected (April to October 2020) included specific measures for each experimental study, a general questionnaire examining health prevention behaviors and COVID-19 experience, geographical and cultural context characterization, and demographic information for each participant. Each participant started the study with the same general questions and then was randomized to complete either one longer experiment or two shorter experiments. Data were provided by 73,223 participants with varying completion rates. Participants completed the survey from 111 geopolitical regions in 44 unique languages/dialects. The anonymized dataset described here is provided in both raw and processed formats to facilitate re-use and further analyses. The dataset offers secondary analytic opportunities to explore coping, framing, and self-determination across a diverse, global sample obtained at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, which can be merged with other time-sampled or geographic data

Mortalidad por desnutrición en menores de cinco años: cinco años antes y después de la implementación del Programa mana, Antioquia, 1998-2007

Objetivo: analizar el comportamiento de la mortalidad por y asociada a la desnutrición, en menores de cinco años; cinco años antes y cinco años después de la implementación del programa mana en las regiones del departamento de Antioquia entre 1998 a 2007. Metodología: estudio ecológico para el análisis del comportamiento de la mortalidad en menores de cinco años ocurridas en las regiones de Antioquia, antes y después de la creación del programa mana. Se calculó chi cuadrado de asociación y tendencia; así como el análisis de tendencia con la regresión de Jointpoint y se realizó análisis factorial a través de la extracción de componentes principales. Resultados: se observó tendencia a la disminución de la mortalidad a través de los años de estudio. En el análisis general de Antioquia, se identificó un punto de inflexión en el año 2000, el cual fue estadísticamente significativo con una variación de -8,30 con tendencia al descenso. En las regiones se identificó que Valle de Aburrá, Nordeste, Occidente, Oriente, Suroeste el punto de inflexión fue en 2000, Bajo Cauca 2001, Urabá 2002, Norte 2003 y Magdalena Medio, 2004. Conclusión: se observó tendencia en disminución de la mortalidad por desnutrición en las regiones de Antioquia en el período analizado, descenso que se presenta desde años anteriores a la implementación de MANA