Compact embeddings of Brezis-Wainger type

Let Ω be a bounded domain in Rn and denote by idΩ the restriction operator from the Besov space B1+n/p pq (Rn) into the generalized Lipschitz space Lip(1,−α)(Ω). We study the sequence of entropy numbers of this operator and prove that, up to logarithmic factors, it behaves asymptotically like ek(idΩ) ∼ k−1/p if α > max (1 + 2/p −1/q, 1/p). Our estimates improve previous results by Edmunds and Haroske

Nuclear embeddings of Besov spaces into Zygmund spaces

Let d ∈ N and let Ω be a bounded Lipschitz domain in Rd. We prove that the embedding Id : Bd (Ω) −→ L (log L) (Ω) is nuclear if a < −1 and 1 ≤ p, q ≤ ∞,p,q ≤∞, while if −1 < a < 0, 2 < p < ∞ and p ≤ q ≤ ∞ while if −1 < a < 0, 2 < p < ∞ and p ≤ q ≤ ∞ the embedding Id fails to be nuclear. Furthermore, if a = −1, the embedding Id : Bd∞,∞(Ω) −→ L∞ (log L)−1 (Ω) is not nuclear

Generational Association Studies of Dopaminergic Genes in Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS) Subjects: Selecting Appropriate Phenotypes for Reward Dependence Behaviors

Abnormal behaviors involving dopaminergic gene polymorphisms often reflect an insufficiency of usual feelings of satisfaction, or Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS). RDS results from a dysfunction in the “brain reward cascade,” a complex interaction among neurotransmitters (primarily dopaminergic and opioidergic). Individuals with a family history of alcoholism or other addictions may be born with a deficiency in the ability to produce or use these neurotransmitters. Exposure to prolonged periods of stress and alcohol or other substances also can lead to a corruption of the brain reward cascade function. We evaluated the potential association of four variants of dopaminergic candidate genes in RDS (dopamine D1 receptor gene [DRD1]; dopamine D2 receptor gene [DRD2]; dopamine transporter gene [DAT1]; dopamine beta-hydroxylase gene [DBH]). Methodology: We genotyped an experimental group of 55 subjects derived from up to five generations of two independent multiple-affected families compared to rigorously screened control subjects (e.g., N = 30 super controls for DRD2 gene polymorphisms). Data related to RDS behaviors were collected on these subjects plus 13 deceased family members. Results: Among the genotyped family members, the DRD2 Taq1 and the DAT1 10/10 alleles were significantly (at least p < 0.015) more often found in the RDS families vs. controls. The TaqA1 allele occurred in 100% of Family A individuals (N = 32) and 47.8% of Family B subjects (11 of 23). No significant differences were found between the experimental and control positive rates for the other variants. Conclusions: Although our sample size was limited, and linkage analysis is necessary, the results support the putative role of dopaminergic polymorphisms in RDS behaviors. This study shows the importance of a nonspecific RDS phenotype and informs an understanding of how evaluating single subset behaviors of RDS may lead to spurious results. Utilization of a nonspecific “reward” phenotype may be a paradigm shift in future association and linkage studies involving dopaminergic polymorphisms and other neurotransmitter gene candidates

Design and baseline characteristics of the finerenone in reducing cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in diabetic kidney disease trial

Background: Among people with diabetes, those with kidney disease have exceptionally high rates of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality and progression of their underlying kidney disease. Finerenone is a novel, nonsteroidal, selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist that has shown to reduce albuminuria in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) while revealing only a low risk of hyperkalemia. However, the effect of finerenone on CV and renal outcomes has not yet been investigated in long-term trials. Patients and Methods: The Finerenone in Reducing CV Mortality and Morbidity in Diabetic Kidney Disease (FIGARO-DKD) trial aims to assess the efficacy and safety of finerenone compared to placebo at reducing clinically important CV and renal outcomes in T2D patients with CKD. FIGARO-DKD is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, event-driven trial running in 47 countries with an expected duration of approximately 6 years. FIGARO-DKD randomized 7,437 patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate >= 25 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and albuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio >= 30 to <= 5,000 mg/g). The study has at least 90% power to detect a 20% reduction in the risk of the primary outcome (overall two-sided significance level alpha = 0.05), the composite of time to first occurrence of CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure. Conclusions: FIGARO-DKD will determine whether an optimally treated cohort of T2D patients with CKD at high risk of CV and renal events will experience cardiorenal benefits with the addition of finerenone to their treatment regimen. Trial Registration: EudraCT number: 2015-000950-39; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02545049

Omecamtiv mecarbil in chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, GALACTIC‐HF: baseline characteristics and comparison with contemporary clinical trials

Aims: The safety and efficacy of the novel selective cardiac myosin activator, omecamtiv mecarbil, in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is tested in the Global Approach to Lowering Adverse Cardiac outcomes Through Improving Contractility in Heart Failure (GALACTIC‐HF) trial. Here we describe the baseline characteristics of participants in GALACTIC‐HF and how these compare with other contemporary trials. Methods and Results: Adults with established HFrEF, New York Heart Association functional class (NYHA) ≥ II, EF ≤35%, elevated natriuretic peptides and either current hospitalization for HF or history of hospitalization/ emergency department visit for HF within a year were randomized to either placebo or omecamtiv mecarbil (pharmacokinetic‐guided dosing: 25, 37.5 or 50 mg bid). 8256 patients [male (79%), non‐white (22%), mean age 65 years] were enrolled with a mean EF 27%, ischemic etiology in 54%, NYHA II 53% and III/IV 47%, and median NT‐proBNP 1971 pg/mL. HF therapies at baseline were among the most effectively employed in contemporary HF trials. GALACTIC‐HF randomized patients representative of recent HF registries and trials with substantial numbers of patients also having characteristics understudied in previous trials including more from North America (n = 1386), enrolled as inpatients (n = 2084), systolic blood pressure &lt; 100 mmHg (n = 1127), estimated glomerular filtration rate &lt; 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 (n = 528), and treated with sacubitril‐valsartan at baseline (n = 1594). Conclusions: GALACTIC‐HF enrolled a well‐treated, high‐risk population from both inpatient and outpatient settings, which will provide a definitive evaluation of the efficacy and safety of this novel therapy, as well as informing its potential future implementation

Some Remarks on a Limit Class of Approximation Ideals

The authors study the limit case L1,q of the Lorentz- space approximation number ideals Lp,q. It is shown, using a suitable bilinear interpolation theorem that the ideals L1,q are tensor-stable. Moreover a telescoping sum representation theorem for these ideals is given

On a Theorem by Lions and Peetre about Interpolation between a Banach Space and its Dual

We show that if the duality between a Banach space A and its anti-dual A* is given by the inner product of a Hilbert space H, then (A, A*)1/2,2 = H = (A,A*)[l,2~, provided A satisfies certain mild conditions. We do not assume A is reflexive. Applications are given to normed ideals of operators

El aprendizaje basado en proyectos como gestor de la autodirección del aprendizaje en estudiantes de primaria

La educación por competencias implementada en diferentes centros educativos a todos los niveles de aprendizaje, permite consolidar en los educandos habilidades, conocimientos y actitudes que son requeridas a lo largo de toda la vida y en distintos ámbitos de desempeño. En la presente investigación se tuvo como objetivo encontrar el beneficio del Aprendizaje Basado en Proyectos (ABPr), \ua0en el desarrollo de la competencia de Autodirección en estudiantes de básica primaria. Para lograrlo, se utilizó un método mixto de investigación durante el período del 18 de febrero de 2016 \ua0al 18 de marzo de 2016 en una muestra de 12 estudiantes pertenecientes al grado cuarto de básica primaria de una escuela oficial de una región mayormente rural y agrícola de Colombia. La estrategia de Aprendizaje Basado en Proyectos se aplicó en nueve fases, mediante las cuáles los estudiantes \ua0seleccionan sus temáticas de investigación de manera libre, al igual que planean, establecen estrategias y metas y consolidan su proyecto de aprendizaje de manera autónoma, utilizando para ello espacios y tiempos dentro \ua0y fuera de la institución y jornada escolar. El instrumento cuantitativo utilizado fue el Cuestionario de Autodirección de Olivares y López (2014) ,y el instrumento cualitativo, fue el diseño de una rúbrica de valoración de evidencias de los portafolios trabajados; estos midieron el nivel de autodirección de manera global, y para las sub- competencias de Estrategias de Aprendizaje, Manejo de Emociones y Mejora Continua. Los resultados indican \ua0que para el caso de estudio el ABPr desarrolla favorablemente la Autodirección del aprendizaje en estudiantes de básica primaria, y en mayor medida para la dimensión de Mejora Continua

Compact embeddings of Brézis-Wainger type

Let O be a bounded domain in Rn and denote by idO the restriction operator from the Besov space Bpq1+n/p(Rn) into the generalized Lipschitz space Lip(1,-a)(O). We study the sequence of entropy numbers of this operator and prove that, up to logarithmic factors, it behaves asymptotically like ek(idO) ~ k-1/p if a > max (1 + 2/p + 1/q, 1/p). Our estimates improve previous results by Edmunds and Haroske