Tunteet teatterissa : Käsikirjoittajan mahdollisuuksia vaikuttaa yleisön tunteisiin

Opinnäytetyö käsittelee käsikirjoittajan mahdollisuuksia vaikuttaa teatteriteoksen katsojan tunnekokemukseen. Työn lähtökohtana on tarkastella eri teatteriteorioita ja löytää niistä vastauksia tunnekokemuksen kirjoittamiseen. Työssä käydään läpi Aristoteleen Runousopin ja intialaisen Natyasastran katsojan mielihyvän ja tunne-elämyksen periaatteet ja etsitään näkökulmia ja vastakkainasettelua Bertolt Brechtin vieraannuttamisteoriasta ja avantgardistisesta tunteen voimasta. Opinnäytetyössä sovelletaan eri teorioita kolmeen kotimaiseen näytelmätekstiin, joiden kautta tuodaan esille, millainen tunteen kirjoittamisen perinne suomalaisessa näytelmäkirjallisuudessa vaikuttaa. Teatteriteorioiden ja näytelmätekstien lisäksi vastauksia yleisön tunnekokemuksen luomiseksi etsitään sosiologiasta ja estetiikasta. Käsikirjoittaja voi määritellä katsojan tunnekokemusta rajoitetusti. Käsikirjoittaja on yksi teatteriesityksen tekijöistä, ja katsojan tunne rakentuu myös ohjaajan ja näyttelijätyön vaikutuksesta. Käsikirjoittajalla on kuitenkin käytössään joitakin työkaluja, joilla voi vaikuttaa katsojan tunteisiin.The aim of the present study is to find keys for a writer to write emotions to a work. This thesis focuses on dramatic theories and how to bring about a certain emotion in an audience. This thesis studies Aristotle’s Poetics and Indian Natyasastra to find out the principles of the audience’s experience in theatricals. These theories were put against Bertolt Brecht’s alienation effect and the overwhelming feeling of avant-garde movement. These dramatic theories were applied to three Finnish plays and the way how Finnish playwrights give emotions to their audience was examined. Further explanations and solutions were found from sociology and esthetics. This thesis shows that a writer can define the audience’s emotions in limited ways. A writer’s work is only a part of the whole play. Also the director and actors have their own possibilities to move the audience. This thesis aggregates tools for playwrights to give audience a certain emotion

Sponsorointi dokumenttielokuvassa

Sponsoriyhteistyö dokumenttielokuvissa on vasta alussa. Uusia rahoitusmalleja etsitään kuitenkin kokoajan, joten sponsoriyhteistyön yleistyminen dokumenttipuolella on mahdollista. Sponsorointi on vastikkeellista yhteistyötä. Motiivina usein kummallakin osapuolella on hyötyä yhteistyöstä tavalla tai toisella. Sponsorointi voi olla rahallista, tuotteellista tai palvelullista tukemista. Tämä opinnäytetyö käsittelee sponsoriyhteistyötä kotimaisissa dokumenttielokuvissa sekä tuottajan että sponsorin näkökulmasta. Opinnäytetyön tavoitteena on löytää avaimet ihanteelliseen sponsoriyhteistyöhön. Opinnäytetyö on vahvasti tutkimuksellinen ja perustuu suurelta osin omiin kokemuksiin sekä ammattikentällä olevien osapuolien haastatteluihin. Haastattelut on käyty puhelin- sekä sähköpostihaastatteluina. Erilaisia sponsoriyhteistyömuotoja on markkinointiin, jakeluun sekä vaihtoehtoisiin tapoihin perustuvaa yhteistyötä. Markkinointiin perustuvaa yhteistyötä on mainonnallisen palvelun tuottaminen sponsoroivalle taholle. Jakeluun perustuvaa yhteistyötä on tuottaa elokuvasta lisäsisältöä esimerkiksi suoratoistopalveluille, kun taas vaihtoehtoisiin tapoihin perustuvaa yhteistyötä ei ole määritelty. Ihanteellinen sponsoriyhteistyö dokumenttielokuvassa palvelee kumpaakin osapuolta tasa-arvoisesti. Yhteistyön täytyy perustua kummankin osapuolen motiiveihin, tarpeisiin sekä intresseihin, jotka sovitaan luottamuksellisella sopimuksella.Cooperation with sponsors in documentary films is only in the beginning. However, new funding models are being searched constantly so cooperation with sponsors in the documentary field can possibly become general. Sponsorship is an equivalent cooperation and as the words co- and operation already state, cooperation means operating together with another partner. Both partners usually share the same motive, which is to benefit from the cooperation in one way or another. Sponsorship can be a financial support or support with products and services. This thesis deals with cooperation with sponsors in domestic documentary films from both producer’s and sponsor’s point of view, and the aim is to find keys to ideal cooperation with sponsors. The thesis is strongly research-oriented and broadly based on own experience as well as interviews done with partners in the professional field. The interviews have been done as phone and e-mail interviews. Different kinds of forms of cooperation with sponsors are cooperation based on marketing, distribution and alternative means. Cooperation based on marketing is producing advertising services to the direction that is being sponsored. Cooperation based on distribution produces additional content of the movie to for example streaming services whereas cooperation based on alternative means has not been defined. Ideal cooperation with sponsors in documentary films serves both partners equally. Cooperation must be based on both partners’ motives, needs and interests, which all will be agreed in a confidential contract

Repurposing a Grocery Store for the Joutsa Public Library in Finland

In 2004, the new Joutsa Public Library moved into a renovated former grocery store. Everyone benefitted. The library found a perfect location in the middle of the municipal service centre, which was spared one more sad, empty building. The preparation phase was long and complicated having commenced in 1995. But the renovation phase was quick and took only six months. The building dates from the late 1970s. Few major structural changes were needed to improve the appearance, safety and usability. The result is very flexible with much-appreciated creative shelving solutions and space arrangements. Skilful architects did an excellent job, and the customers find it difficult to believe the origin of the building. The use of the library has increased with greater numbers of customers, increased loans and enhanced event participation justifying the approach taken and demonstrating its success

Designing A Curriculum For A Sustainable Entrepreneurship Major: A Case Study

This practice paper explores the process of developing a curriculum for a sustainable entrepreneurship major program in a higher education institution. The paper aims to address the need for embedding sustainability and entrepreneurship into higher education, considering global challenges such as climate change, social inequality, and unsustainable consumption and production. The paper fills a gap in the existing body of knowledge by providing a case example of a curriculum development process that can be adapted to integrate sustainable entrepreneurship into curricula at other universities. The paper outlines a three-part curriculum development process which involves identifying stakeholders and clarifying the program\u27s purpose, determining programlevel learning outcomes, and developing courses that align with the program’s purpose and intended learning outcomes. The paper’s findings emphasize the importance of involving stakeholders (such as faculty members, potential students, alumni, industry professionals and decision-making bodies within the university) in curriculum design. The paper concludes with a discussion on the iterative nature of identifying programlevel learning outcomes, the challenges of balancing dual themes from a rapidly changing field of study in the curriculum, and academic resource limitations. A welldesigned sustainable entrepreneurship major can benefit students, faculty, business and industry, and society at large by providing the knowledge, skills, and opportunities necessary for socially and environmentally responsible entrepreneurship

Experiences in Bayesian Inference in Baltic Salmon Management

We review a success story regarding Bayesian inference in fisheries management in the Baltic Sea. The management of salmon fisheries is currently based on the results of a complex Bayesian population dynamic model, and managers and stakeholders use the probabilities in their discussions. We also discuss the technical and human challenges in using Bayesian modeling to give practical advice to the public and to government officials and suggest future areas in which it can be applied. In particular, large databases in fisheries science offer flexible ways to use hierarchical models to learn the population dynamics parameters for those by-catch species that do not have similar large stock-specific data sets like those that exist for many target species. This information is required if we are to understand the future ecosystem risks of fisheries.Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/13-STS431 the Statistical Science (http://www.imstat.org/sts/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org

Integration of biological, economic and sociological knowledge by Bayesian belief networks: the interdisciplinary evaluation of potential Baltic salmon management plan

There is a growing need to evaluate fisheries management plans in a comprehensive interdisciplinary context involving stakeholders. In this paper we demonstrate a probabilistic management model to evaluate potential management plans for Baltic salmon fisheries. The analysis is based on several studies carried out by scientists from respective disciplines. The main part consisted of biological and ecological stock assessment with integrated economic analysis of the commercial fisheries. Recreational fisheries were evaluated separately. Finally, a sociological study was conducted aimed at understanding stakeholder perspectives and potential commitment to alternative management plans. In order to synthesize the findings from these disparate studies a Bayesian Belief Network (BBN) methodology is used. The ranking of management options can depend on the stakeholder perspective. The trade-offs can be analysed quantitatively with the BBN model by combining, according to the decision maker’s set of priorities, utility functions that represent stakeholders’ views. We show how BBN can be used to evaluate robustness of management decisions to different priorities and various sources of uncertainty. In particular, the importance of sociological studies in quantifying uncertainty about the commitment of fishermen to management plans is highlighted by modelling the link between commitment and implementation success.Baltic salmon, bio-economic modelling, Bayesian Belief Network, expert knowledge, fisheries management, commitment and implementation uncertainty, management plan, recreational fisheries, stakeholders., Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

DETERMINING THE CHALLENGES OF ORGANIZATIONAL SOCIAL MEDIA ADOPTION AND USE

Organizations often face challenges with the adoption and use of new information systems, and social media is no exception. In this exploratory case study, we aim to identify internal and external challenges related to the adoption and use of social media in a large case company. Our findings show that internal challenges include resources, ownership, authorization, attitudes and economic issues, whereas external challenges are associated with company reputation, legal issues and public/private network identity. We add to the knowledge created by previous studies by introducing the challenges related to ownership and authorization of social media services, which were found to be of high relevance in corporate social media adoption. In order to overcome these obstacles, we propose that organizations prepare strategies and guidelines for social media adoption and use

Analysis of Sardine Fisheries Management on Lake Kariba, Zimbabwe and Zambia - Structuring a Bayesian Influence Diagram Model

One of the main issues in the fisheries management of Lake Kariba is the question of how much the total effort of sardine fisheries can be increased without threatening the renewal of the stock and the economical profitability of the fisheries. This problem is subjected to uncertain natural processes and diverse and insufficient information available. A Bayesian influence diagram model was developed to analyze the decision problem. The Bayesian approach offers means for fusioning probabilistic information from different sources, and assessing the relative information value of quantities included in the model

Alle kouluikäisten lasten yleisimmät infektiot ja niiden kotihoito : tietopaketti pienten lasten vanhemmille

Lapset sairastavat keskimäärin noin 5-10 infektiota jo ensimmäisen kahden elinvuotensa aikana ja sen jälkeen vuosittain noin 2-3 infektiota. Selvästi suurin infektioryhmä on hengitystieinfektiot, jotka muodostavat yli 80 % kaikista alle 15-vuotiaiden infektioista (Rautakorpi ym. 2009, 51.) Tämän lisäksi ripulitaudit, erilaiset ihoinfektiot, sekä rokkotaudit ovat yleisiä erityisesti talviaikaan (Jalanko 2009.) Hengitystieinfektioissa on suurta vuodenaikoihin liittyvää vaihtelua (Rautakorpi ym. 2009, 20.) Opinnäytetyön tarkoituksena oli kartoittaa alle kouluikäisillä lapsilla esiintyviä yleisimpiä infektioita, niiden oireita, sekä näyttöön perustuvia kotihoito-ohjeita. Opinnäytetyön aiheena olivat alle kouluikäisten lasten yleisimmät infektiot ja niiden hoito kotona ja kohderyhmänä toimi näiden lasten vanhemmat. Opinnäytetyössä käytiin läpi yleisimmät hengitystieinfektiot, rokkotaudit, sekä iho- ja loisinfektiot taudeittain. Internetistä löytyy hajanaista tietoa infektiotaudeista ja luotettavan tiedon etsiminen lapsen sairastaessa voi olla työlästä ja aikaa vievää. Tämän takia oli tarpeellista tehdä tietopaketti alle kouluikäisten lasten vanhemmille yleisimpien infektioiden hoidosta.Children have about 5–10 infections in average every year in their first two years of living and after that they have about 2-3 infections every year. The respiratory infections form more than 80% of all infections that under 15-year-old children have, so it is the distinctly major infection group (Rautakorpi ym. 2009, 51.) In addition to this, diarrhea diseases, various skin infections and poxes are common, especially in the winter time (Jalanko 2009.) It was possible to see the respiratory infections a wide variation which is related to the seasons (Rautakorpi ym. 2009, 20.) The purpose of this thesis was to review the most common infections that occur under schoolage children, their symptoms and home care instructions. The subject of this thesis was the most common infections of under school-age children and their care at home and the target group was these children’s parents. In the thesis, the most common respiratory infection, poxes and the skin infections and the parasite infections have been assessed according to the disease. In the internet information about the infectious diseases can be found but when the child is ill, finding the reliable information can be laborious and time-consuming. Because of this it was necessary to make the information package to the under school-age children’s parents about the care of the most common infections

Sairaala-apulaisen työhyvinvointi : Kyselytutkimus Etelä-Savon sairaanhoitopiirin sairaalahuoltajille

Tämän opinnäytetyön tarkoituksena oli selvittää Etelä-Savon sairaanhoitopiirin sairaalahuoltajien hyvinvointia, työssä jaksamista ja työyhteisön tukea työssä jaksamiseen. Opinnäytetyömme toimeksiantajana toimi Voimavuodet- Hyvinvoivat työyhteisöt hanke. Tutkimusaineisto koottiin strukturoidulla kyselylomakkeella marraskuussa 2009. Kyselylomakkeessa oli myös avoimia kysymyksiä. Kyselylomakkeita lähetettiin 105. Kyselyyn vastasi 80 sairaalahuoltajaa Mikkelin keskussairaalasta ja Moision sairaalasta. Vastausprosentiksi saatiin tuolloin 76. Tulokset syötettiin SPSS-ohjelmaan, ja taulukot luotiin Microsoft Excel -ohjelmalla. Vastanneista kaikki olivat naisia, ja puolet heistä oli yli 45-vuotiaita. Suurin osa sairaalahuoltajista oli normaalipainoisia, ja liikuntaa ilmoitti harrastavansa aktiivisesti melkein puolet vastanneista. Työhyvinvointia heikentävänä tekijänä sairaalahuoltajat kokivat kivun. Huolen aiheina yli 45-vuotiaat kokivat oman terveyden, jaksamisen ja ikääntymisen. Työhyvinvointiin vaikutti heillä myös unihäiriöt. Terveys, perhe ja raha-asiat nousivat suurimmiksi huolen aiheiksi alle 45-vuotiailla. Työn riskitekijöistä suurimmiksi nousivat pistohaavat ja rasitusvammat. Yleisesti sairaalahuoltajat kokivat työpaikan ilmapiirin hyväksi. Työtovereiden kanssa tultiin hyvin toimeen ja esimies koettiin helposti lähestyttäväksi. Työ koettiin mielenkiintoiseksi ja ammatista oltiin ylpeitä. Tämän opinnäytetyön tulosten avulla työyhteisössä voidaan ottaa esille asioita, jotka koettiin työhyvinvointia heikentäviksi tekijöiksi. Työ soveltuu tarvittaessa keskustelun tueksi.The purpose of this thesis was to find out about the well-being are orderlies in work in South Savo Health Care District. Commissioner of this thesis was Voimavuodet-project. The material was collected by questionnaire in November 2009. We sended 105 qustionnaires. We got 80 answers in Mikkeli Central hospital and Moisio hospital. Answering percentage was 76. The results were calculated in SPSS-program and diagrams created with the Microsoft Excel-program. All responding ordelies were womens and half of them were over 45-years old. Most of orderlies were normal weight, and nearly half of the ordelies exercise actively. Deteriorating factor in well-being at work was pain. The biggest worry in life was their own health. The highest risk factors in orderlies work were puncture wound. Most of the ordelies think that well-being in work is good. Orderlies have good relationship with workmates. They also think that manager was easy to approach. By asking of work, orderlies think that its interested and they was proud of it