Observation of associated near-side and away-side long-range correlations in √sNN=5.02 TeV proton-lead collisions with the ATLAS detector

Two-particle correlations in relative azimuthal angle (Δϕ) and pseudorapidity (Δη) are measured in √sNN=5.02  TeV p+Pb collisions using the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The measurements are performed using approximately 1  μb-1 of data as a function of transverse momentum (pT) and the transverse energy (ΣETPb) summed over 3.1<η<4.9 in the direction of the Pb beam. The correlation function, constructed from charged particles, exhibits a long-range (2<|Δη|<5) “near-side” (Δϕ∼0) correlation that grows rapidly with increasing ΣETPb. A long-range “away-side” (Δϕ∼π) correlation, obtained by subtracting the expected contributions from recoiling dijets and other sources estimated using events with small ΣETPb, is found to match the near-side correlation in magnitude, shape (in Δη and Δϕ) and ΣETPb dependence. The resultant Δϕ correlation is approximately symmetric about π/2, and is consistent with a dominant cos⁡2Δϕ modulation for all ΣETPb ranges and particle pT

Observation of Associated Near-Side and Away-Side Long-Range Correlations in sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV Proton-Lead Collisions with the ATLAS Detector.

Two-particle correlations in relative azimuthal angle (Δϕ) and pseudorapidity (Δη) are measured in sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02  TeV p+Pb collisions using the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The measurements are performed using approximately 1  μb^{-1} of data as a function of transverse momentum (p_{T}) and the transverse energy (ΣE_{T}^{Pb}) summed over 3.1<η<4.9 in the direction of the Pb beam. The correlation function, constructed from charged particles, exhibits a long-range (2<|Δη|<5) "near-side" (Δϕ∼0) correlation that grows rapidly with increasing ΣE_{T}^{Pb}. A long-range "away-side" (Δϕ∼π) correlation, obtained by subtracting the expected contributions from recoiling dijets and other sources estimated using events with small ΣE_{T}^{Pb}, is found to match the near-side correlation in magnitude, shape (in Δη and Δϕ) and ΣE_{T}^{Pb} dependence. The resultant Δϕ correlation is approximately symmetric about π/2, and is consistent with a dominant cos⁡2Δϕ modulation for all ΣE_{T}^{Pb} ranges and particle p_{T}

First Report of Anthracnose on Alfalfa Caused by Colletotrichum linicola in Serbia

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is economically the most important forage crop in Serbia. In July 2009, alfalfa plants showed symptoms characteristic of anthracnose disease (“shepherd's crook”) including wilting and death of the upper portion of the stems. Anthracnose of alfalfa has been reported to be caused by Colletotrichum trifolii or C. destructivum (2). Alfalfa plants with anthracnose symptoms were collected in Srpska Crnja, South Banat District, Serbia. Infected tissue samples were surface disinfected with 5% sodium hypochlorite for 2 min and washed three times for 5 min in sterile distilled water. Surface sterilized tissue was transferred to sterile filter paper and placed on potato dextrose agar (PDA), and incubated at 24°C in the dark for 10 days (1). Developing colonies were light to dark olive green. In cultures on PDA medium, acervuli were formed. Conidia from acervuli were released in mucous masses that were orange to cream-pink in color. Conidia were hyaline, aseptate, straight with one end pointed and the other slightly rounded, measuring 12.5 to 25.0 × 2.5 to 7.5 μm (mean 19.83 × 4.42 μm). After 5 days, numerous setae were formed. The setae were slightly darker at the bottom and lighter at the top, septate with 3 septa. Setae dimensions were 100 to 185.5 × 2.5 to 5 μm (average 160.9 × 3.12 μm). The isolated fungus was designated Coll-44. Stems of 30 7-week-old plants were spray-inoculated in the laboratory with an aqueous suspension of conidia (106 spores per ml; 10 ml per plant) harvested from 7-day-old cultures grown on PDA. The plants and two non-inoculated check plants were placed in a greenhouse and a covered with plastic bags at 25°C in darkness. After 48 h, plastic bags were removed from the all plants. All plants were watered once a day. Symptoms were observed 10 days after inoculation. No symptoms were observed on non-inoculated plants. In the greenhouse, all 30 inoculated plants became diseased with anthracnose symptoms after 10 days. Coll-44 was consistently re-isolated from diseased stem tissue. Koch's postulates were fulfilled by re-isolation from inoculated alfalfa plants. Pure culture of the Coll-44 isolate was deposited in the public collection of CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands (specimen no. CBS 3263). Partial sequences of the internal transcribed spacer regions-ITS (GenBank Accession No. JX908364) and betatubulin-TUB2 gene (KJ556347) were amplified and sequenced from extracted fungal DNA with primer pairs ITS1-ITS4 (4) and T1-Bt2b (3), respectively. ITS sequence of the Coll-44 isolate showed 100% nucleotide identity to the GenBank accessions JQ005765 and AB046609 of C. linicola. TUB2 sequence of isolate Coll-44 showed 99.6% nucleotide identity with the GenBank accession JQ005849 of C. linicola isolate CBS 172.51. To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. linicola causing alfalfa anthracnose in Serbia. References: (1) A. P. Baxter et al. S. Afr. J. Bot. 2:259, 1983. (2) K. D. Hyde et al. Fungal Divers. 39:1, 2009. (3) K. O'Donnell and E. Cigelnik. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 7:103, 1997. (4) T. J. White et al. Page 315 in: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 1990. </jats:p

Basic seed germination characteristics of the endemic species Nepeta rtanjensis (Lamiaceae)

Nepeta rtanjensis is an endemic plant species that was first recorded in 1974 in the eastern part of Serbia. Because of the small number of discovered specimens and low seed viability, it has been difficult to determine the seed germination characteristics of this species. Using in vitro culture techniques, we obtained sufficient plants for successful reintroduction. In the first year approximately 500 000 seeds were collected and subjected to various seed germination tests. The seeds were positive photoblastic and germination was under the control of the phytochrome pigment system. The requirement for light could be substituted by gibberellins. The seeds were nitrate insensitive, but responded to treatment with liquid smoke.nul

The stimulatory effect of non-equilibrium (low temperature) air plasma pretreatment on light-induced germination of Paulownia tomentosa seeds

Light-induced germination of Paulownia tomentosa seeds was used as an experimental system to investigate the effect of pretreatments by non-equilibrium (low temperature) air plasma on the germination process. Dry P. tomentosa seeds exposed to the plasma changed their germination characteristics. Non-equilibrium plasma treatments significantly increased the light sensitivity of P. tomentosa seeds. These treatments could not substitute for the light-requirements of the seeds. After a short exposure to plasma (4 to 6 minutes) treated seeds had a germination of 75%, i.e. significantly higher than the 5-30% for seeds which did not undergo pretreatment. The results suggest that the stimulatory effect of the non-equilibrium air plasma pretreatment is not a direct photoreceptor-mediated phenomenon. Possible mechanisms of this effect are discussed.nul

Basic seed germination characteristics of the endemic species Nepeta rtanjensis (Lamiaceae)

Nepeta rtanjensis is an endemic plant species that was first recorded in 1974 in the eastern part of Serbia. Because of the small number of discovered specimens and low seed viability, it has been difficult to determine the seed germination characteristics of this species. Using in vitro culture techniques, we obtained sufficient plants for successful reintroduction. In the first year approximately 500 000 seeds were collected and subjected to various seed germination tests. The seeds were positive photoblastic and germination was under the control of the phytochrome pigment system. The requirement for light could be substituted by gibberellins. The seeds were nitrate insensitive, but responded to treatment with liquid smoke.nul

Stimulation of empress tree seed germination by liquid smoke

The germination of Empress tree (Paulownia tomentosa Steud.) seeds is phytochrome-controlled. Liquid smoke could not induce germination in darkness but red light irradiation of liquid smoke imbibed seeds induced a high percentage of germination. Maximum germination was achieved at liquid smoke concentration of 0.1% (v/v) when present during the imbibition phase or during the phase of phytochrome activity. The light requirement of these seeds could be completely substituted by exogenously applied gibberellins. In the presence of liquid smoke, optimal concentrations of GA(3), GA(4), and GA(9) necessary for inducing germination were several times lower than in the controls, while that of GA(7) was equally active when applied at a concentration one order of magnitude lower. The inhibitory effect of the applied growth retardants was strongly reduced and liquid smoke, in the presence of retardants, allowed light-induced germination, if applied simultaneously or after retardants treatment.nul

Stimulation of empress tree seed germination by liquid smoke

The germination of Empress tree (Paulownia tomentosa Steud.) seeds is phytochrome-controlled. Liquid smoke could not induce germination in darkness but red light irradiation of liquid smoke imbibed seeds induced a high percentage of germination. Maximum germination was achieved at liquid smoke concentration of 0.1% (v/v) when present during the imbibition phase or during the phase of phytochrome activity. The light requirement of these seeds could be completely substituted by exogenously applied gibberellins. In the presence of liquid smoke, optimal concentrations of GA(3), GA(4), and GA(9) necessary for inducing germination were several times lower than in the controls, while that of GA(7) was equally active when applied at a concentration one order of magnitude lower. The inhibitory effect of the applied growth retardants was strongly reduced and liquid smoke, in the presence of retardants, allowed light-induced germination, if applied simultaneously or after retardants treatment.nul

Assessment of genetic diversity among alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) genotypes by morphometry, seed storage proteins and RAPD analysis

Alfalfa is the world's widest grown forage crop with novel applications in the production of commercial proteins and biomass for biofuel. These alternative uses of alfalfa require new cultivars and breeding processes adjusted to specific production systems and demands. An estimate of the genetic diversity and differentiation between genotypes of breeding germplasm is of key importance for its improvement. Traditionally, it is has been achieved through morphological analyses, although novel methods of molecular marker analysis offer faster and more reliable tools. The objective of this study was to determine genetic variability of ten populations of alfalfa as a part of a collection at the Institute for Forage Crops, Krusevac, Serbia and to reveal relationships among genotypes through UPGMA(1) cluster analysis. Data obtained through three different methods were compared and the correlation among them was estimated. It has been found that clustering of examined genotypes based on analysis of morphology traits has the best fit with geographical origin of genotypes. Methods using molecular markers, as seed storage proteins or RAPDs,(2) provide a rapid way to discriminate between genotypes and have strong mutual correlation. Estimating the genetic distance through molecular marker analysis showed a poor fit of distance in relation to morphological analyses. (C) 2012 Elsevier By. All rights reserved.Ministry of Education and Science, Republic of Serbia [TR31057, 173024

Assessment of genetic diversity among alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) genotypes by morphometry, seed storage proteins and RAPD analysis

Alfalfa is the world's widest grown forage crop with novel applications in the production of commercial proteins and biomass for biofuel. These alternative uses of alfalfa require new cultivars and breeding processes adjusted to specific production systems and demands. An estimate of the genetic diversity and differentiation between genotypes of breeding germplasm is of key importance for its improvement. Traditionally, it is has been achieved through morphological analyses, although novel methods of molecular marker analysis offer faster and more reliable tools. The objective of this study was to determine genetic variability of ten populations of alfalfa as a part of a collection at the Institute for Forage Crops, Krusevac, Serbia and to reveal relationships among genotypes through UPGMA(1) cluster analysis. Data obtained through three different methods were compared and the correlation among them was estimated. It has been found that clustering of examined genotypes based on analysis of morphology traits has the best fit with geographical origin of genotypes. Methods using molecular markers, as seed storage proteins or RAPDs,(2) provide a rapid way to discriminate between genotypes and have strong mutual correlation. Estimating the genetic distance through molecular marker analysis showed a poor fit of distance in relation to morphological analyses. (C) 2012 Elsevier By. All rights reserved.Ministry of Education and Science, Republic of Serbia [TR31057, 173024