161 research outputs found
First-year compliance with the Nevada Clean Indoor Air Act
Objectives: We quantitatively evaluated compliance with the Nevada Clean Indoor Air Act (NCIAA) by different types of businesses in Nevada and determined whether compliance affected indoor concentrations of benzene and 3-ethenyl pyridine (3-EP), markers of tobacco smoke.
Methods: Managers of 181 businesses in Washoe County, Nevada, were interviewed about business characteristics and practices and policies related to smoking. During unannounced visits, compliance data and air samples (n=66) were collected from interviewed businesses and from an additional sample (n = 56) of businesses without knowledge of the study.
Results: Overall compliance, as defined by the NCIAA, was low (28.2%). Benzene concentrations were higher in casino restaurants than in other businesses, although most complied with the requirements of the ban. Neither benzene nor 3-EP concentrations differed significantly between compliant and non-compliant businesses.
Conclusions: The finding that casino restaurants had poorer air quality despite their compliance with the NCIAA suggests that compliance alone may not be sufficient to reduce exposure to secondhand smoke, particularly in buildings with both nonsmoking and smoking areas
Arcanobacterium haemolyticum associated with pyothorax: case report
Arcanobacterium haemolyticum has an established role in the etiology of human pharyngitis. There are increasing reports of systemic infections caused by this organism. From India, we report the first case of Arcanobacterium haemolyticum causing pyothorax in an immunocompetent adolescent male patient. The probable mode of infection is also discussed. The role of A. hemolyticum as an animal pathogen needs further study
A randomized phase III study of carfilzomib vs low-dose corticosteroids with optional cyclophosphamide in relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma (FOCUS)
This randomized, phase III, open-label, multicenter study compared carfilzomib monotherapy against low-dose corticosteroids and optional cyclophosphamide in relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). Relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma patients were randomized (1:1) to receive carfilzomib (10-min intravenous infusion; 20 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 2 of cycle 1; 27 mg/m(2) thereafter) or a control regimen of low-dose corticosteroids (84 mg of dexamethasone or equivalent corticosteroid) with optional cyclophosphamide (1400 mg) for 28-day cycles. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). Three-hundred and fifteen patients were randomized to carfilzomib (n=157) or control (n=158). Both groups had a median of five prior regimens. In the control group, 95% of patients received cyclophosphamide. Median OS was 10.2 (95% confidence interval (CI) 8.4-14.4) vs 10.0 months (95% CI 7.7-12.0) with carfilzomib vs control (hazard ratio=0.975; 95% CI 0.760-1.249; P=0.4172). Progression-free survival was similar between groups; overall response rate was higher with carfilzomib (19.1 vs 11.4%). The most common grade ⩾3 adverse events were anemia (25.5 vs 30.7%), thrombocytopenia (24.2 vs 22.2%) and neutropenia (7.6 vs 12.4%) with carfilzomib vs control. Median OS for single-agent carfilzomib was similar to that for an active doublet control regimen in heavily pretreated RRMM patients
Electrical conductivity during incipient melting in the oceanic low-velocity zone
International audienceThe low-viscosity layer in the upper mantle, the asthenosphere, is a requirement for plate tectonics1. The seismic low velocities and the high electrical conductivities of the asthenosphere are attributed either to subsolidus, water-related defects in olivine minerals2, 3, 4 or to a few volume per cent of partial melt5, 6, 7, 8, but these two interpretations have two shortcomings. First, the amount of water stored in olivine is not expected to be higher than 50 parts per million owing to partitioning with other mantle phases9 (including pargasite amphibole at moderate temperatures10) and partial melting at high temperatures9. Second, elevated melt volume fractions are impeded by the temperatures prevailing in the asthenosphere, which are too low, and by the melt mobility, which is high and can lead to gravitational segregation11, 12. Here we determine the electrical conductivity of carbon-dioxide-rich and water-rich melts, typically produced at the onset of mantle melting. Electrical conductivity increases modestly with moderate amounts of water and carbon dioxide, but it increases drastically once the carbon dioxide content exceeds six weight per cent in the melt. Incipient melts, long-expected to prevail in the asthenosphere10, 13, 14, 15, can therefore produce high electrical conductivities there. Taking into account variable degrees of depletion of the mantle in water and carbon dioxide, and their effect on the petrology of incipient melting, we calculated conductivity profiles across the asthenosphere for various tectonic plate ages. Several electrical discontinuities are predicted and match geophysical observations in a consistent petrological and geochemical framework. In moderately aged plates (more than five million years old), incipient melts probably trigger both the seismic low velocities and the high electrical conductivities in the upper part of the asthenosphere, whereas in young plates4, where seamount volcanism occurs6, a higher degree of melting is expected
Use of an implantable loop recorder to increase the diagnostic yield in unexplained syncope: results from the PICTURE registry
Experimentally determined postspinel transformation boundary in Mg2SiO4 using MgO as an internal pressure standard and its geophysical implications
Toward Male Individualization with Rapidly Mutating Y-Chromosomal Short Tandem Repeats
Peer reviewe
Mantle Pb paradoxes : the sulfide solution
Author Posting. © Springer, 2006. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Springer for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 152 (2006): 295-308, doi:10.1007/s00410-006-0108-1.There is growing evidence that the budget of Pb in mantle peridotites is largely
contained in sulfide, and that Pb partitions strongly into sulfide relative to silicate melt. In
addition, there is evidence to suggest that diffusion rates of Pb in sulfide (solid or melt)
are very fast. Given the possibility that sulfide melt ‘wets’ sub-solidus mantle silicates,
and has very low viscosity, the implications for Pb behavior during mantle melting are
profound. There is only sparse experimental data relating to Pb partitioning between
sulfide and silicate, and no data on Pb diffusion rates in sulfides. A full understanding of
Pb behavior in sulfide may hold the key to several long-standing and important Pb
paradoxes and enigmas. The classical Pb isotope paradox arises from the fact that all
known mantle reservoirs lie to the right of the Geochron, with no consensus as to the
identity of the “balancing” reservoir. We propose that long-term segregation of sulfide
(containing Pb) to the core may resolve this paradox. Another Pb paradox arises from the fact that the Ce/Pb ratio of both OIB and MORB
is greater than bulk earth, and constant at a value of 25. The constancy of this “canonical
ratio” implies similar partition coefficients for Ce and Pb during magmatic processes
(Hofmann et al. 1986), whereas most experimental studies show that Pb is more
incompatible in silicates than Ce. Retention of Pb in residual mantle sulfide during
melting has the potential to bring the bulk partitioning of Ce into equality with Pb if the
sulfide melt/silicate melt partition coefficient for Pb has a value of ~ 14. Modeling shows
that the Ce/Pb (or Nd/Pb) of such melts will still accurately reflect that of the source, thus
enforcing the paradox that OIB and MORB mantles have markedly higher Ce/Pb (and
Nd/Pb) than the bulk silicate earth. This implies large deficiencies of Pb in the mantle
sources for these basalts. Sulfide may play other important roles during magmagenesis:
1). advective/diffusive sulfide networks may form potent metasomatic agents (in both
introducing and obliterating Pb isotopic heterogeneities in the mantle); 2). silicate melt
networks may easily exchange Pb with ambient mantle sulfides (by diffusion or
assimilation), thus ‘sampling’ Pb in isotopically heterogeneous mantle domains
differently from the silicate-controlled isotope tracer systems (Sr, Nd, Hf), with an
apparent ‘de-coupling’ of these systems.Our intemperance
should not be blamed on the support we gratefully acknowledge from NSF: EAR-
0125917 to SRH and OCE-0118198 to GAG
High expression of endoplasmic reticulum chaperone grp94 is a novel molecular hallmark of malignant plasma cells in multiple myeloma
Relationship between circulating tumor cells and epithelial to mesenchymal transition in early breast cancer
- …