97 research outputs found
Developing and assessing the feasibility of a home-based preexposure prophylaxis monitoring and support program
We piloted PrEP@Home, a preexposure prophylaxis system of remote laboratory and behavioral monitoring designed to replace routine quarterly follow-up visits with home care to reduce the patient and provider burden. The system was highly acceptable and in-demand for future use, and more than one-third of participants reported greater likelihood of persisting in care if available
Child witnesses productively respond to "How" questions about evaluations but struggle with other "How" questions
Child interviewers are often advised to avoid asking âHowâ questions, particularly with young children. However, children tend to answer âHowâ evaluative questions productively (e.g., âHow did you feel?â). âHowâ evaluative questions are phrased as a âHowâ followed by an auxiliary verb (e.g., âdidâ or âwasâ), but so are âHowâ questions requesting information about method or manner (e.g., âHow did he touch you?â), and âHowâ method/manner questions might be more difficult for children to answer. We examined 458 5- to 17-year-old children questioned about sexual abuse, identified 2485 "Howâ questions with an auxiliary verb, and classified them as âHowâ evaluative (n = 886) or âHowâ method/manner (n = 1599). Across age, children gave more productive answers to âHowâ evaluative questions than âHowâ method/manner questions. Although even young children responded appropriately to âHowâ method/manner questions over 80% of the time, specific types of âHowâ method/manner questions were particularly difficult, including questions regarding clothing, body positioning, and the nature of touch. Childrenâs difficulties lie in specific combinations of âHowâ questions and topics, rather than âHowâ questions in general
Partner-Provided Social Support Influences Choice of Risk Reduction Strategies in Gay Male Couples
Psychometric Properties and Correlates of Precarious Manhood Beliefs in 62 Nations
Precarious manhood beliefs portray manhood, relative to womanhood, as a social status that is hard to earn, easy to lose, and proven via public action. Here, we present cross-cultural data on a brief measure of precarious manhood beliefs (the Precarious Manhood Beliefs scale [PMB]) that covaries meaningfully with other cross-culturally validated gender ideologies and with country-level indices of gender equality and human development. Using data from university samples in 62 countries across 13 world regions (Nâ=â33,417), we demonstrate: (1) the psychometric isomorphism of the PMB (i.e., its comparability in meaning and statistical properties across the individual and country levels); (2) the PMBâs distinctness from, and associations with, ambivalent sexism and ambivalence toward men; and (3) associations of the PMB with nation-level gender equality and human development. Findings are discussed in terms of their statistical and theoretical implications for understanding widely-held beliefs about the precariousness of the male gender role
Factors Associated with Revision Surgery after Internal Fixation of Hip Fractures
Background: Femoral neck fractures are associated with high rates of revision surgery after management with internal fixation. Using data from the Fixation using Alternative Implants for the Treatment of Hip fractures (FAITH) trial evaluating methods of internal fixation in patients with femoral neck fractures, we investigated associations between baseline and surgical factors and the need for revision surgery to promote healing, relieve pain, treat infection or improve function over 24 months postsurgery. Additionally, we investigated factors associated with (1) hardware removal and (2) implant exchange from cancellous screws (CS) or sliding hip screw (SHS) to total hip arthroplasty, hemiarthroplasty, or another internal fixation device. Methods: We identified 15 potential factors a priori that may be associated with revision surgery, 7 with hardware removal, and 14 with implant exchange. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards analyses in our investigation. Results: Factors associated with increased risk of revision surgery included: female sex, [hazard ratio (HR) 1.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.25-2.50; P = 0.001], higher body mass index (fo
Book review : Brodie, K. Teaching mathematical reasoning in secondary school classrooms. With contributions by Kurt Coetee, Lorraine Lauf, Stephen Modau, Nico Molefe and Romulus O\u27Brien. 2010, Springer, New York, Dordrecht, Heidelberg, London, xiii + 225
Clinical trial readiness study of distal myopathy and dysphagia in nephropathic cystinosis
BackgroundNephropathic cystinosis is a lysosomal storage disorder with lateâonset systemic complications, such as myopathy and dysphagia. Currently employed outcome measures lack sensitivity and responsiveness for dysphagia and myopathy, a limitation to clinical trial readiness.MethodsWe evaluated 20 patients with nephropathic cystinosis in two visits over the course of a year to identify outcomes sensitive to detect changes over time. Patients also underwent an expiratory muscle strength training program to assess any effects on aspiration and dysphagia.ResultsThere were significant differences in the Timed Up and Go Test (TUG) and Timed 25âFoot Walk (25âFW) between baseline and 1ây followâup (P <â.05). Maximum expiratory pressure (MEP) and peak cough flow (PCF) significantly improved following respiratory training (P <â.05).ConclusionsImproved respiratory outcomes may enhance patients ability to expel aspirated material from the airway, stave off pulmonary sequelae associated with chronic aspiration, and yield an overall improvement in physical health and wellâbeing.See Editorial on pages 652â652 in this issue.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/163642/2/mus27039.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/163642/1/mus27039_am.pd
Community-acquired cavitary pseudomonas pneumonia linked to use of a home humidifier
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that rarely causes pneumonia in otherwise healthy patients. We describe a case of community-acquired P. aeruginosa pneumonia in a previously healthy individual who likely acquired the infection from a home humidifier
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