La utilización política de la devoción mariana en el reinado de Alfonso X, el Sabio (1252-1284)

El propósito de este ensayo es seguir, en la obra más personal de Alfonso X, el Sabio, la evolución desde un marial de carácter internacional en su primer estado –una redacción de cien cantigas– hacia un marial que incluye cada vez más cantigas milagrosas acaecidas a Alfonso y su familia y a favor de sus programas políticos, siempre patrocinadas por la lealtad de la Virgen María. Las sucesivas ampliaciones de las Cantigas de Santa Maria iban por centenares hasta completar las 400 que tiene cuando murió Alfonso en 1284. Por eso hemos examinado pormenorizadamente cada grupo de cien cantigas. Mientras el primer centenar se caracteriza por reflejar las preexistentes mariales que Alfonso reunió e hizo traducir al gallego-portugués, agregando música, nuestro análisis de los otros tres centenares demuestra sin lugar a dudas la intención del rey mecenas de ir agregando nuevas cantigas en las que iban aumentando tanto la presencia de asuntos familiares y personales como asuntos políticos que formaban los retos políticos que tenía que confrontar a lo largo de su reinado. A la medida que sus fortunas políticas se iban complicando, también crece su fe en la ayuda y protección de quien quiso que reinase y fuese rey: la Virgen María. Los dos hilos se entrelazan más en cada ampliación de las CSM.The aim of this essay is to show the growth from the first stage of one hundred poems that make up Alfonso X’s most personal work, the Cantigas de Santa Maria, through the succeeding amplifications which occurred in groupings of one hundred poems until the final number of 400 was reached just short of Alfonso’s death in 1284. The analysis of each group of one hundred is instructive and revealing. The first hundred reveal little about Alfonso or his family or the political events of his reign (1252-1284).However, each grouping of one hundred shows an increase in personal poems about him and his family and addresses more and more of his political life and programs, poems that are closely tied to his growing need of the Virgin’s aid as she it was who wished him to rule and be king. There is a decidedly growing number of cantigas in each of the final three groupings, culminating in the final one hundred in which Alfonso’s faith, his politics and his family all play an almost dominant role, even as many of the other cantigas tell of miracles taking place in Iberian cities and shrines.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España) FFI2014-52710-

Todo sobre Lucrecia

This new approach to characterization in the Tragicomedia de Calisto y Melibea is developed through a perception of what its authors surely planned for. The subject is Lucrecia, maid to Melibea, generally thought of as a secondary character inspiring little interest for readers. I believe, to the contrary, that as the constant companion to a libidinous Melibea and her illicit affair with Calisto, but deciding to withhold this information from her employers, Pleberio and Alisa, Lucrecia plays a key role in the resulting tragedies. One result of her role as witness to the passionate lovemaking of the protagonists, Lucrecia herself becomes vividly aware of her own sexuality.Esta nueva aproximación al tema de la caracterización en la Tragicomedia de Calisto y Melibea parte de mi percepción de las intenciones de sus autores. Lucrecia es su tema. Como la criada de Melibea, ha despertado poco interés en generaciones de lectores. Creo, por el contrario, que como la compañera constante de Melibea en cada paso de sus relaciones ilícitas con Calisto, pero decidida a no revelar esta información a sus patrones Pleberio y Alisa, Lucrecia actúa como una importante clave para entender las consecuentes tragedias. Otro aspecto que se destaca es el despertar en Lucrecia —por ser testigo de tantas noches de amor apasionado— del reconocimiento de su propia sexualidad

Celebrating 520 years from La Celestina : videoconference to Joseph Thomas Snow about Celestina

En esta videoconferencia, Joseph Snow dialoga con un grupo de jóvenes universitarios de la Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (Argentina) y monologa consigo sobre lo que sus ojos de lector experto y avezado le han permitido descubrir en Celestina a lo largo de años de lecturas y re-lecturas. De forma amena y muy didáctica, recorre el mundo de sus personajes, de sus conflictos y deseos y acerca la complejidad del mundo celestinesco a lectores del siglo XXI que se sorprenden por su humanidad y modernidad, y que podrán enseñarla en distintos niveles y modalidades de la educación. Los profundos conocimientos y lecturas expertas y estratégicas del Dr. Snow de esta gran obra de la literatura española avivan y remozan un clásico de la literatura universal y renuevan su importancia en la formación de futuros profesores de Lengua y Literatura.In this videoconference, Joseph Snow talks with young Argentine university students and monologues with himself about his long experience as an expert and experienced reader of Celestina throughout years of readings and re-readings. In an entertaining and very didactic way, he travels in the world of its characters, its conflicts and desires and brings the complexity of Celestina to readers of the 21st century who are surprised by their humanity and modernity, and who can teach it at different levels and modalities of the education. The deep knowledge and expert and strategic readings of Dr. Snow of this great work of Spanish literature enliven and renew a classic of universal literature and its importance in the training of future teachers of Spanish Language and Literature.Fil: Snow, Joseph Thomas. University of Michiga

Quantifying integrated proteomic responses to iron stress in the globally important marine diazotroph trichodesmium

Trichodesmium is a biogeochemically important marine cyanobacterium, responsible for a significant proportion of the annual ‘new’ nitrogen introduced into the global ocean. These non-heterocystous filamentous diazotrophs employ a potentially unique strategy of near-concurrent nitrogen fixation and oxygenic photosynthesis, potentially burdening Trichodesmium with a particularly high iron requirement due to the iron-binding proteins involved in these processes. Iron availability may therefore have a significant influence on the biogeography of Trichodesmium. Previous investigations of molecular responses to iron stress in this keystone marine microbe have largely been targeted. Here a holistic approach was taken using a label-free quantitative proteomics technique (MSE) to reveal a sophisticated multi-faceted proteomic response of Trichodesmium erythraeum IMS101 to iron stress. Increased abundances of proteins known to be involved in acclimation to iron stress and proteins known or predicted to be involved in iron uptake were observed, alongside decreases in the abundances of iron-binding proteins involved in photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation. Preferential loss of proteins with a high iron content contributed to overall reductions of 55–60% in estimated proteomic iron requirements. Changes in the abundances of iron-binding proteins also suggested the potential importance of alternate photosynthetic pathways as Trichodesmium reallocates the limiting resource under iron stress. Trichodesmium therefore displays a significant and integrated proteomic response to iron availability that likely contributes to the ecological success of this species in the ocean

Distinct External Signals Trigger Sequential Release of Apical Organelles during Erythrocyte Invasion by Malaria Parasites

The invasion of erythrocytes by Plasmodium merozoites requires specific interactions between host receptors and parasite ligands. Parasite proteins that bind erythrocyte receptors during invasion are localized in apical organelles called micronemes and rhoptries. The regulated secretion of microneme and rhoptry proteins to the merozoite surface to enable receptor binding is a critical step in the invasion process. The sequence of these secretion events and the external signals that trigger release are not known. We have used time-lapse video microscopy to study changes in intracellular calcium levels in Plasmodium falciparum merozoites during erythrocyte invasion. In addition, we have developed flow cytometry based methods to measure relative levels of cytosolic calcium and study surface expression of apical organelle proteins in P. falciparum merozoites in response to different external signals. We demonstrate that exposure of P. falciparum merozoites to low potassium ion concentrations as found in blood plasma leads to a rise in cytosolic calcium levels through a phospholipase C mediated pathway. Rise in cytosolic calcium triggers secretion of microneme proteins such as the 175 kD erythrocyte binding antigen (EBA175) and apical membrane antigen-1 (AMA-1) to the merozoite surface. Subsequently, interaction of EBA175 with glycophorin A (glyA), its receptor on erythrocytes, restores basal cytosolic calcium levels and triggers release of rhoptry proteins. Our results identify for the first time the external signals responsible for the sequential release of microneme and rhoptry proteins during erythrocyte invasion and provide a starting point for the dissection of signal transduction pathways involved in regulated exocytosis of these key apical organelles. Signaling pathway components involved in apical organelle discharge may serve as novel targets for drug development since inhibition of microneme and rhoptry secretion can block invasion and limit blood-stage parasite growth

Measurement of the inclusive and dijet cross-sections of b-jets in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

The inclusive and dijet production cross-sections have been measured for jets containing b-hadrons (b-jets) in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of sqrt(s) = 7 TeV, using the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The measurements use data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 34 pb^-1. The b-jets are identified using either a lifetime-based method, where secondary decay vertices of b-hadrons in jets are reconstructed using information from the tracking detectors, or a muon-based method where the presence of a muon is used to identify semileptonic decays of b-hadrons inside jets. The inclusive b-jet cross-section is measured as a function of transverse momentum in the range 20 < pT < 400 GeV and rapidity in the range |y| < 2.1. The bbbar-dijet cross-section is measured as a function of the dijet invariant mass in the range 110 < m_jj < 760 GeV, the azimuthal angle difference between the two jets and the angular variable chi in two dijet mass regions. The results are compared with next-to-leading-order QCD predictions. Good agreement is observed between the measured cross-sections and the predictions obtained using POWHEG + Pythia. MC@NLO + Herwig shows good agreement with the measured bbbar-dijet cross-section. However, it does not reproduce the measured inclusive cross-section well, particularly for central b-jets with large transverse momenta.Comment: 10 pages plus author list (21 pages total), 8 figures, 1 table, final version published in European Physical Journal

Jet energy measurement with the ATLAS detector in proton-proton collisions at root s=7 TeV

The jet energy scale and its systematic uncertainty are determined for jets measured with the ATLAS detector at the LHC in proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of √s = 7TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 38 pb-1. Jets are reconstructed with the anti-kt algorithm with distance parameters R=0. 4 or R=0. 6. Jet energy and angle corrections are determined from Monte Carlo simulations to calibrate jets with transverse momenta pT≥20 GeV and pseudorapidities {pipe}η{pipe}<4. 5. The jet energy systematic uncertainty is estimated using the single isolated hadron response measured in situ and in test-beams, exploiting the transverse momentum balance between central and forward jets in events with dijet topologies and studying systematic variations in Monte Carlo simulations. The jet energy uncertainty is less than 2. 5 % in the central calorimeter region ({pipe}η{pipe}<0. 8) for jets with 60≤pT<800 GeV, and is maximally 14 % for pT<30 GeV in the most forward region 3. 2≤{pipe}η{pipe}<4. 5. The jet energy is validated for jet transverse momenta up to 1 TeV to the level of a few percent using several in situ techniques by comparing a well-known reference such as the recoiling photon pT, the sum of the transverse momenta of tracks associated to the jet, or a system of low-pT jets recoiling against a high-pT jet. More sophisticated jet calibration schemes are presented based on calorimeter cell energy density weighting or hadronic properties of jets, aiming for an improved jet energy resolution and a reduced flavour dependence of the jet response. The systematic uncertainty of the jet energy determined from a combination of in situ techniques is consistent with the one derived from single hadron response measurements over a wide kinematic range. The nominal corrections and uncertainties are derived for isolated jets in an inclusive sample of high-pT jets. Special cases such as event topologies with close-by jets, or selections of samples with an enhanced content of jets originating from light quarks, heavy quarks or gluons are also discussed and the corresponding uncertainties are determined. © 2013 CERN for the benefit of the ATLAS collaboration

Single hadron response measurement and calorimeter jet energy scale uncertainty with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

The uncertainty on the calorimeter energy response to jets of particles is derived for the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). First, the calorimeter response to single isolated charged hadrons is measured and compared to the Monte Carlo simulation using proton-proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of sqrt(s) = 900 GeV and 7 TeV collected during 2009 and 2010. Then, using the decay of K_s and Lambda particles, the calorimeter response to specific types of particles (positively and negatively charged pions, protons, and anti-protons) is measured and compared to the Monte Carlo predictions. Finally, the jet energy scale uncertainty is determined by propagating the response uncertainty for single charged and neutral particles to jets. The response uncertainty is 2-5% for central isolated hadrons and 1-3% for the final calorimeter jet energy scale.Comment: 24 pages plus author list (36 pages total), 23 figures, 1 table, submitted to European Physical Journal