Verteilte Nutzungskontrolle und Provenance Tracking am Beispiel von Cloud-Technologien

In den letzten Jahrzehnten haben sich Daten zu einem der wertvollsten Rohstoffe entwickelt. Im Zuge dessen werden Forderungen nach einem transparenten und kontrollierbaren Umgang mit Daten immer lauter. Nutzungskontrolle und Provenance Tracking sind Konzepte, mit denen diese Forderungen umgesetzt werden können. Nutzungskontrolle ergänzt hierzu die Zugriffskontrolle um den Umstand, dass die Nutzung von Daten – auch nachdem sie verbreitet wurden – kontrolliert werden kann. Provenance Tracking dient hingegen zur Bestimmung der Herkunft eines Datums. Das für Nutzungskontrolle und Provenance Tracking notwendige Fundament – die Infrastruktur - könnte hierbei durch Cloud-Technologien, wie Kubernetes, bereitgestellt werden. Dahingehend bietet diese Arbeit einen Überblick über den aktuellen Forschungsstand zu Nutzungskontrolle und Provenance Tracking. Dies umfasst insbesondere mögliche Bezüge zum Themengebiet Cloud Computing und aktuelle Forschungsprojekte, wie International Data Spaces (IDS) und deren Referenzarchitektur. Des Weiteren wird ein grundlegendes Verständnis für den Begriff Cloud geschaffen. Im Besonderen wird auf die Aspekte Sicherheit und Recht im Kontext von Cloud Computing eingegangen. Schlussendlich werden die dadurch gewonnen Erkenntnisse zur Ausbringung einer prototypischen Nutzungskontroll- sowie Provenance sammelnden Infrastruktur genutzt. Die Cloud-Technologie Kubernetes sowie hierfür entwickelte Dummy-Komponenten der Referenzarchitektur bilden das Fundament dieser Infrastruktur. Die Modellierung und Implementierung ist daraufhin Gegenstand einer Evaluation und Diskussion mit Fokus auf operativen und sicherheitsrelevanten Aspekten

Investigating the plate motion of the Adriatic microplate by 3D thermomechanical modelling

Mantle dynamics in the Alpine-Mediterranean area provides a complex geodynamic picture and is still subject of ongoing debate. The Adriatic microplate represents the central part of the Mediterranean and is affected by various subduction zones, like the Hellenic slab, the Calabrian slab or the Apenninic slab. These different processes pose challenges in making qualitative assumptions about the unique impact factors influencing the plate motion. In this study, we conduct 3D thermomechanical forward simulations of the Alpine-Mediterranean area using the LaMEM (Kaus et al., 2016). Our simulations incorporate a viscoelastoplastic rheology and an internal free surface, enabling us to investigate both internal dynamics and surface response. The initial setup for the simulations is based on the kinematic reconstructions of Le Breton et al. (2021) at 35 Ma. Our objective is to determine the main driving forces behind the plate motion of the Adriatic microplate by examining the effects of different model parameters, such as the thermal structure, slab geometry, mantle viscosity, and brittle parameters of the crust. Although these forward simulations do not yet precisely reproduce the present-day tectonic setting, they provide valuable insights into the parameters that influence the plate dynamics. Based on our findings, we have identified two distinct stages of plate motion affecting Adria over the past 35 million years. The initial phase is dominated by the northwards moving African plate, which pushes Adria to the north. However, as the Hellenic slab advances from the east and the Calabrian and Apenninic slabs propagate from the west, the Adriatic microplate is decoupling from the African plate which induces an anticlockwise rotation of Adria. The extent and the thermal structure of the Ionian oceanic lithosphere are significant parameters that influence the retreat of the Hellenic and Calabrian slab and therefore the rotation of Adria. Simultaneously, the northwards motion of Adria during the rotation is caused by the retreat of the Western Alpine slab

Non-invasive Localization of the Ventricular Excitation Origin Without Patient-specific Geometries Using Deep Learning

Ventricular tachycardia (VT) can be one cause of sudden cardiac death affecting 4.25 million persons per year worldwide. A curative treatment is catheter ablation in order to inactivate the abnormally triggering regions. To facilitate and expedite the localization during the ablation procedure, we present two novel localization techniques based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs). In contrast to existing methods, e.g. using ECG imaging, our approaches were designed to be independent of the patient-specific geometries and directly applicable to surface ECG signals, while also delivering a binary transmural position. One method outputs ranked alternative solutions. Results can be visualized either on a generic or patient geometry. The CNNs were trained on a data set containing only simulated data and evaluated both on simulated and clinical test data. On simulated data, the median test error was below 3mm. The median localization error on the clinical data was as low as 32mm. The transmural position was correctly detected in up to 82% of all clinical cases. Using the ranked alternative solutions, the top-3 median error dropped to 20mm on clinical data. These results demonstrate a proof of principle to utilize CNNs to localize the activation source without the intrinsic need of patient-specific geometrical information. Furthermore, delivering multiple solutions can help the physician to find the real activation source amongst more than one possible locations. With further optimization, these methods have a high potential to speed up clinical interventions. Consequently they could decrease procedural risk and improve VT patients' outcomes.Comment: 14 pages, 9 figures. Abstract was shortened for arXi

Le guerrier de Saint-Maur (Oise). À la redécouverte d’une œuvre majeure de l’art gaulois

La figure de guerrier en tôle chaudronnée de Saint-Maur est l’un des rares exemples de sculpture anthropomorphe attribuable à la fin de l’époque gauloise ou au début de l’époque gallo-romaine. À l’occasion de sa restauration en 2016, de nouvelles observations et analyses (spectrométrie de fluorescence X, microscopie numérique 3D, scanner 3D) ont été menées par une équipe pluridisciplinaire. Elles ont apporté des résultats inédits sur les matériaux et les techniques mises en œuvre pour la réalisation et l’assemblage des différentes pièces composant la figure du guerrier, ainsi que pour la caractérisation de ses attributs. Elles ont également permis de restituer les traitements rituels subis par l’œuvre avant son enfouissement et d’affiner sa datation.The statue of a warrior in Saint-Maur is one of the rare examples of anthropomorphic sculpture in sheet metal dating from the end of the Gallic period or the Early Roman Empire. During its restoration, undertaken by a multidisciplinary team, new observations were made. These analyses (X-ray fluorescence, 3D digital microscopy, 3D scans) provided unprecedented data concerning our knowledge of the materials, the techniques employed to make and assemble the different parts of the statue, as well as the type of attributes with which the warrior is equipped. They also enabled us to reconstitute the ritual treatments applied to the statue before it was buried

Salvage high-dose chemotherapy in female patients with relapsed/refractory germ-cell tumors: A retrospective analysis of the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT)

Background: High-dose chemotherapy (HDC) with hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation is a standard option for relapsed/refractory testicular germ-cell tumor (GCT), but only few data have been reported in female patients with GCT. We conducted a retrospective analysis of female patients with GCT treated with HDC and registered with the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. Patients and methods: Between 1985 and 2013, 60 registered female patients with GCT, median age 27 years (range 15-48), were treated with salvage HDC. Forty patients (67%) had primary ovarian GCT, 8 (13%) mediastinal, 7 (12%) retroperitoneal and 5 (8%) other primary sites/unknown. Twenty-two patients (37%) received HDC as second-line therapy, 29 (48%) as third-line, and 9 (15%) as fourth- to sixth-line. Nine of 60 patients (15%) received HDC as late-intensification with no evidence of metastasis before HDC. The conditioning HDC regimens comprised carboplatin in 51 of 60 cases (85%), and consisted of a single HDC cycle in 31 cases (52%), a multi-cycle HDC regimen in 29 (48%). Results: Nine cases who underwent late intensification HDC were not evaluable for response. Of the other 51 assessable patients, 17 (33%) achieved a complete response (CR), 8 (16%) a marker-negative partial remission (PRm-), 5 (10%) a marker-positive partial remission, 5 (10%) stable disease, and 13 (25%) progressive disease. There were 3 toxic deaths (6%). With an overall median follow-up of 14 months (range 1-219), 7 of 9 (78%) patients with late intensification and 18 of the 25 patients (72%) achieving a CR/PRm- following HDC were free of relapse/progression. In total, 25 of 60 patients (42%) were progression-free following HDC at a median follow-up of 87 months (range 3-219 months). Conclusions: Salvage HDC based on carboplatin represents a therapeutic option for female patients with relapsed/refractory GCT

Measurement of the inclusive and dijet cross-sections of b-jets in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

The inclusive and dijet production cross-sections have been measured for jets containing b-hadrons (b-jets) in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of sqrt(s) = 7 TeV, using the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The measurements use data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 34 pb^-1. The b-jets are identified using either a lifetime-based method, where secondary decay vertices of b-hadrons in jets are reconstructed using information from the tracking detectors, or a muon-based method where the presence of a muon is used to identify semileptonic decays of b-hadrons inside jets. The inclusive b-jet cross-section is measured as a function of transverse momentum in the range 20 < pT < 400 GeV and rapidity in the range |y| < 2.1. The bbbar-dijet cross-section is measured as a function of the dijet invariant mass in the range 110 < m_jj < 760 GeV, the azimuthal angle difference between the two jets and the angular variable chi in two dijet mass regions. The results are compared with next-to-leading-order QCD predictions. Good agreement is observed between the measured cross-sections and the predictions obtained using POWHEG + Pythia. MC@NLO + Herwig shows good agreement with the measured bbbar-dijet cross-section. However, it does not reproduce the measured inclusive cross-section well, particularly for central b-jets with large transverse momenta.Comment: 10 pages plus author list (21 pages total), 8 figures, 1 table, final version published in European Physical Journal

Jet energy measurement with the ATLAS detector in proton-proton collisions at root s=7 TeV

The jet energy scale and its systematic uncertainty are determined for jets measured with the ATLAS detector at the LHC in proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of √s = 7TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 38 pb-1. Jets are reconstructed with the anti-kt algorithm with distance parameters R=0. 4 or R=0. 6. Jet energy and angle corrections are determined from Monte Carlo simulations to calibrate jets with transverse momenta pT≥20 GeV and pseudorapidities {pipe}η{pipe}<4. 5. The jet energy systematic uncertainty is estimated using the single isolated hadron response measured in situ and in test-beams, exploiting the transverse momentum balance between central and forward jets in events with dijet topologies and studying systematic variations in Monte Carlo simulations. The jet energy uncertainty is less than 2. 5 % in the central calorimeter region ({pipe}η{pipe}<0. 8) for jets with 60≤pT<800 GeV, and is maximally 14 % for pT<30 GeV in the most forward region 3. 2≤{pipe}η{pipe}<4. 5. The jet energy is validated for jet transverse momenta up to 1 TeV to the level of a few percent using several in situ techniques by comparing a well-known reference such as the recoiling photon pT, the sum of the transverse momenta of tracks associated to the jet, or a system of low-pT jets recoiling against a high-pT jet. More sophisticated jet calibration schemes are presented based on calorimeter cell energy density weighting or hadronic properties of jets, aiming for an improved jet energy resolution and a reduced flavour dependence of the jet response. The systematic uncertainty of the jet energy determined from a combination of in situ techniques is consistent with the one derived from single hadron response measurements over a wide kinematic range. The nominal corrections and uncertainties are derived for isolated jets in an inclusive sample of high-pT jets. Special cases such as event topologies with close-by jets, or selections of samples with an enhanced content of jets originating from light quarks, heavy quarks or gluons are also discussed and the corresponding uncertainties are determined. © 2013 CERN for the benefit of the ATLAS collaboration

Single hadron response measurement and calorimeter jet energy scale uncertainty with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

The uncertainty on the calorimeter energy response to jets of particles is derived for the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). First, the calorimeter response to single isolated charged hadrons is measured and compared to the Monte Carlo simulation using proton-proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of sqrt(s) = 900 GeV and 7 TeV collected during 2009 and 2010. Then, using the decay of K_s and Lambda particles, the calorimeter response to specific types of particles (positively and negatively charged pions, protons, and anti-protons) is measured and compared to the Monte Carlo predictions. Finally, the jet energy scale uncertainty is determined by propagating the response uncertainty for single charged and neutral particles to jets. The response uncertainty is 2-5% for central isolated hadrons and 1-3% for the final calorimeter jet energy scale.Comment: 24 pages plus author list (36 pages total), 23 figures, 1 table, submitted to European Physical Journal

Standalone vertex finding in the ATLAS muon spectrometer

A dedicated reconstruction algorithm to find decay vertices in the ATLAS muon spectrometer is presented. The algorithm searches the region just upstream of or inside the muon spectrometer volume for multi-particle vertices that originate from the decay of particles with long decay paths. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated using both a sample of simulated Higgs boson events, in which the Higgs boson decays to long-lived neutral particles that in turn decay to bbar b final states, and pp collision data at √s = 7 TeV collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC during 2011