11 research outputs found

    Radiographic morphometry of the Foot in clinically normal Donkeys (Equus asinus)

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    Radiography of the foot is considered a golden standard technique enables the veterinarians to render a subjective evaluation of the foot in donkeys. The current study aimed to characterize objectively the baseline radiometric data of normal forefeet in donkeys to assess both of the nature and extent of anatomical changes occurring in foot affections. Lateromedial and dorsopalmar radiographic examination were performed on 48 forefeet of 24 clinically normal donkeys of both sexes. Four angles and 10 morphometeric distances were measured in latromedial radiographs and 10 morphometric measurements were measured in dorsopalmer radiographs. All hoof components appeared in the radiographic films were described and morphometric measurements were reported as minimum and maximum values, mean ± standard deviation (SD). The study presented a descriptive reference data for morphometric radiographic parameters of the forefeet from lateromedial and dorsopalmer radiographs in clinically normal donkeys, to assess any changes in hoof conformation and biomechanics associated with hoof affections

    Elective Cancer Surgery in COVID-19-Free Surgical Pathways During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: An International, Multicenter, Comparative Cohort Study.

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    PURPOSE: As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19-free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19-free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS: Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19-free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19-free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score-matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION: Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19-free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks

    Elective cancer surgery in COVID-19-free surgical pathways during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: An international, multicenter, comparative cohort study

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    PURPOSE As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19–free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19–free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19–free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19–free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score–matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19–free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks

    Clinical, laboratory and ultrasonographic findings in Egyptian buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) with caecal and colonic dilatation

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    The present study was conducted to describe the clinical, laboratory and ultrasonographic findings of caecal and colonic dilatation in Egyptian buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). A total number of forty buffaloes were included in the study and divided into two groups: control group (n = 20) and diseased group (n = 20). Diseased buffalo were admitted to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital at Assiut University-Egypt. Each of the diseased animals was subjected to clinical, rectal, laboratory and ultrasonographic examinations. Clinically, buffalo with dilated caecum/colon showed reduced appetite, distended right abdomen, abdominal pain and tensed abdomen. Rectal examination indicated empty rectum with the presence of mucus and dilated loop of caecum and/or colon. Buffalo with dilated caecum/colon showed significant (P < 0.05) hypoproteinemia and hypoalbuminemia with significant (P < 0.05) increase in blood serum activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALK). Ultrasonographically, the dilated caecum and proximal loop of colon occupied the last right three intercostal space (ICSs) particularly their ventral part, intertangled with the liver dorsally in these ICSs. Dilated colon did not hinder the visibility of the liver. The dilated caecum/colon also filled the whole right flank region, with hiding of right kidney, loops and peristaltic movement of the small intestines. The closest wall of the dilated caecum and proximal loop of the colon was imaged as thick semi-circular echogenic line. The furthest wall and contents of dilated caecum/colon were not imaged. In conclusion, buffalo with caecal and/or colonic dilatation have non-specific clinical and laboratory findings; however the affected animals show characteristic ultrasonographic findings

    Clinical and Behavioral Changes Associated with using Xylazine only or Xylazine-epinephrine Combination for Caudal Epidural Analgesia in Cattle

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    In recent years, various anaesthetic agents and mixtures had been evaluated for caudal epidural analgesia in cattle with a variety of results. Caudal epidural analgesia is a routine and established technique for a variety of surgical and obstetrical procedures in cattle and might depend on the volume of local analgesic. The objective of the present work to compare between the analgesic efficacy of xylazine alone and that of Xylazine-epinephrine combination in caudal epidural analgesia through studying the clinical and behavioral changes as well as estimating degrees of ataxia, sedation and analgesia in cows throughout monitoring their efficacies pre-epidural (Minute 0) injection or post-epidural injection (Minutes 10, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180). The study was conducted on clinically healthy non-pregnant cross cows (n=20). They were classified into two equal groups. The first one received epidural injection of 0.05 mg/kg xylazine and thus was referred as Xylagr. The second group was epidurally treated through injection of combination of 0.05 mg/kg xylazine and Epinephrine and thus was referred as Xyla-Epingr. All animals were subjected for through clinical examination as well as monitoring of different degrees of ataxia, sedation and analgesia parameters. There was no statistically significant difference in the onset of analgesia between xylazine epidural injection (11.85±1.25 minutes) and xylazine with epinephrine (12.01±1.05 minutes). Epidural administration of xylazine with epinephrine produced a significantly longer duration of analgesia (161±7.62 minutes) than that produced by epidural injection xylazine alone (136.20±7.13 minutes). Administration of xylazine alone resulted in mild to moderate sedation with mild ataxia, as well as cutaneous analgesia for the perineal region while xylazine with epinephrine produced mild sedation without ataxia, as well as cutaneous analgesia for the perineal region. The study concluded the higher efficacy of xylazine-epinephrine combinations as a caudal epidural analgesic drug compared with that of xylazine alone. Xylazine-epinephrine combination has more rapid onset of recovery from signs of ataxia and sedation than xylazine alone, which make it more suitable than xylazine in cattle as an intraoperative and postoperative analgesia.

    Evaluation of Locomotor and Morpho-histological Effect for Platelet Rich Plasma and Silver Nanoparticles on Healing Process of Achilles Tendon (Comparative Experimental Study in Rabbits)

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    Tissue engineering is a new treatment option provided encouraging results in orthopedic surgery. In the present study, we compare between platelet rich plasma (PRP) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in the healing process of achilles tendon. This comparison depending upon the evaluation of locomotor and morpho-histological parameters for each treatment. The current study was carried out on 45 apparently healthy adult female rabbits. Locomotor evaluation was done through numerical score at intervals of 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks postoperatively. Morpho-histological evaluation was performed through numerical score at intervals of 2, 3 and 6 weeks postoperatively. Results of the current study revealed that PRP and AgNPs were better than control group regarding to lameness, pain on complete flexion of tarsal joint, adhesion of tendon to the skin and signs of inflammation. However, PRP is better than both control and AgNPs groups in decreasing lameness and adhesion of tendon to the skin. Morpho-histological examination revealed that PRP is better than both control and AgNPs in improving color of the tendon. PRP and AgNPs were better than control group concerning collagen maturation, fibroblast number, angiogenesis, and surgical gap reduction. However, PRP is better than both control and AgNPs in decreasing signs of inflammation and increasing collagen maturation. We concluded that using PRP for treatment of ruptured achilles tendon provides better prognosis than AgNPs treatment.

    Delaying surgery for patients with a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection

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    Preoperative nasopharyngeal swab testing and postoperative pulmonary complications in patients undergoing elective surgery during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

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    BACKGROUND: Surgical services are preparing to scale up in areas affected by COVID-19. This study aimed to evaluate the association between preoperative SARS-CoV-2 testing and postoperative pulmonary complications in patients undergoing elective cancer surgery. METHODS: This international cohort study included adult patients undergoing elective surgery for cancer in areas affected by SARS-CoV-2 up to 19 April 2020. Patients suspected of SARS-CoV-2 infection before operation were excluded. The primary outcome measure was postoperative pulmonary complications at 30 days after surgery. Preoperative testing strategies were adjusted for confounding using mixed-effects models. RESULTS: Of 8784 patients (432 hospitals, 53 countries), 2303 patients (26.2 per cent) underwent preoperative testing: 1458 (16.6 per cent) had a swab test, 521 (5.9 per cent) CT only, and 324 (3.7 per cent) swab and CT. Pulmonary complications occurred in 3.9 per cent, whereas SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed in 2.6 per cent. After risk adjustment, having at least one negative preoperative nasopharyngeal swab test (adjusted odds ratio 0.68, 95 per cent confidence interval 0.68 to 0.98; P = 0.040) was associated with a lower rate of pulmonary complications. Swab testing was beneficial before major surgery and in areas with a high 14-day SARS-CoV-2 case notification rate, but not before minor surgery or in low-risk areas. To prevent one pulmonary complication, the number needed to swab test before major or minor surgery was 18 and 48 respectively in high-risk areas, and 73 and 387 in low-risk areas. CONCLUSION: Preoperative nasopharyngeal swab testing was beneficial before major surgery and in high SARS-CoV-2 risk areas. There was no proven benefit of swab testing before minor surgery in low-risk areas

    Elective Cancer Surgery in COVID-19–Free Surgical Pathways During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: An International, Multicenter, Comparative Cohort Study

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