The role of a probiotics mixture in the treatment of childhood constipation: a pilot study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Inconsistent data exist about the efficacy of probiotics in the treatment of constipation. Several studies in adults with constipation showed positive effects of probiotics on constipation. Inconsistent data exist regarding the effect of a single probiotic strain in constipated children. The aim of this pilot study was to determine the effect of a mixture of probiotics containing bifidobacteria and lactobacilli in the treatment of childhood constipation.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Children aged 4–16 years with constipation as defined by the Rome III criteria were eligible for the study. During a 4 week period, children received a daily mix of 4 × 10⁹colony forming units of a probiotic mixture (<it>Ecologic</it>^®<it>Relief</it>) containing Bifidobacteria (B.) bifidum, B. infantis, B. longum, Lactobacilli (L.) casei, L. plantarum and L. rhamnosus. Primary outcome measures were frequency of bowel movements (BMs) per week and stool consistency. Secondary outcome measures were number of faecal incontinence episodes per week, abdominal pain and side effects.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Twenty children, 50% male, median age 8 (range 4–16) were included.</p> <p>The frequency of BMs per week increased from 2.0 (1.0–5.0) to 4.2 (0.0–16.0) in week 2 (p = 0.10) and 3.8 (2.1–7.0) in week 4 (p = 0.13). In 12 children presenting with <3 BMs/week, BMs per week increased significantly from 1.0 (0.0–2.0) to 3.0 (0.0–7.0) in week 2 (p = 0.01) and 3.0 (0.0–10.0) in week 4 (p = 0.01). The stool consistency was reported as hard in 7 children at baseline, in 4 children at week 2 (p = 0.23) and in 6 children after 4 weeks of treatment (p = 1.00). A significant decrease in number of faecal incontinence episodes per week was found in the entire group: 4.0 (0.0–35.0) to 1.5 (0.0–14.0) in week 2 (p = 0.01) and 0.3 (0.0–7.0) in week 4 (p = 0.001). The presence of abdominal pain decreased significantly from 45% to 25% in week 2 (p = 0.04) and 20% at week 4 (p = 0.006). No side effects were reported.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This pilot study shows that a mixture of probiotics, has positive effects on symptoms of constipation. To confirm these findings, a large randomised placebo controlled trial is required.</p

Search for new phenomena in high-mass final states with a photon and a jet from pp collisions at root s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search is performed for new phenomena in events having a photon with high transverse momentum and a jet collected in 36.7 fb−1 of proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of s√ = 13 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The invariant mass distribution of the leading photon and jet is examined to look for the resonant production of new particles or the presence of new high-mass states beyond the Standard Model. No significant deviation from the background-only hypothesis is observed and cross-section limits for generic Gaussian-shaped resonances are extracted. Excited quarks hypothesized in quark compositeness models and high-mass states predicted in quantum black hole models with extra dimensions are also examined in the analysis. The observed data exclude, at 95% confidence level, the mass range below 5.3 TeV for excited quarks and 7.1 TeV (4.4 TeV) for quantum black holes in the Arkani-Hamed–Dimopoulos–Dvali (Randall–Sundrum) model with six (one) extra dimensions

ANALISIS PENGARUH UPAH MINIMUM DAN INFLASITERHADAP KESEMPATAN KERJA SEKTOR INDUSTRI PENGOLAHAN BESAR DAN SEDANG DI JAWA TENGAH (35 KAB/KOTA)

Two important indicators of a country's economic development lies in the high economic growth and increased employment opportunities. Approach of an economic growth is mostly done in several areas to develop sectors of the regional economy, which is expected to open up more employment opportunities. Therefor, must be known what factors affected the increase in employment opportunities and how it’s influence. The research aims to determine how much the influence about minimum wage and inflationto the large and medium manufacturing industries in central java (35 districts / cities).The analytical method in this research is Ordinary Least Square, where Y refers to variable of job opportunities, X1refers to minimum wage and X2 refers to inflation. The research showed that the determinant coefficient (R2) of 0,161 which means that employment’s variation is affected by in the independent variable is equal to 16,1%.Based on the Partial Test, minimum wage were significantly influence to the employment opportunities which seen from the probability value of 0,000 and using degree of trust in amount of 0,05with F-statistic equal of 4,637and it means that if minimum wage rised, so the employment opportunities in the district / town in Central Java increased. Variable inflation did not affect the employment opportunities seen from profitabistas value more than 0,05 is equal to 0,463 for inflation. Moreover, T-statistic in the amount of 0,753 was smaller than T table that indicates the alternative hypothesis was rejected. Based on Simultaneous Test (statistic F test) obtained F-statistic value in the amount of 10,963 and sig = 0.000 <5%. This means, independent variable (minimum wage and inflation) affected dependent variabl

STRATEGI ONLINE UNTUK PRODUK BUKU BACK LIST PADA TOKO BUKU ONLINE BOOKOOPEDIA.COM

This study aims to identify the avaibility of back list in marketplace and its strategy to improve its access. The key factor for books to be found and well sold is the aspect of their avaibility in market. Ideally, the books must be placed in a strategic shelf. Therefore, costumers not only get enough access to learn new imprints, but also old publications that published several months ago. In a competitive shelves in a brick and mortar bookstore this condition is rarely to be found. Publishing industry characterictics that emphasize on the up to date and new trends as well as focused on outstanding promotion for best seller have made the back list as forgotten phenomenon. This research was conducted in Bookoopedia.com online bookstore. The primary data was obtained from direct and indirect interview. The secondary data was collected from catalog list, record sales, top selling book list, year of publication, and publisher. To analyze the data obtained, the Long Tail theory approach was used. The results showed that Bookoopedia.com provides catalog and virtual inventory. Therefor, it can display all published books especially back list. By using internet as the main media for marketing and selling, the problem of limited display space can be minimized. Opportunity loss decrease and back list book is identified. Bookoopedia�s strategy to enhance back list access is by providing many and various choices of imprints, decreasing opportunity loss using virtual catalog dan virtual inventory, and creating blog to interact with customers, testimony, books review, and book recomendation

Perbedaan Kekuatan Geser Pelekatan Antara Resin Komposit Self Adhesive Flowable Dan Resin Komposit Dengan Bonding Self Etch pada Email Dan Dentin

The purpose of the study was to investigate the shear bond strength differences of self adhesive flowable and flowable resin composite with one step of self etch bonding either at enamel and dentin. Twenty caries free maxillary premolar teeth were prepared and fixed using self cure acrylic resin. All teeth were randomly assigned in four groups,each group consisted of five subjects. First group was applied with self adhesive flowable resin composite on enamel, while in second group was applied with self adhesive flowable resin composite on dentin.Third group was applied flowable resin composite with one step of self etch on enamel, while in fourth group was applied flowable resin composite with one step of self etch on dentin. Following immersion in artificial saliva for 24 hours at a temperature of 37°C, the teeth were thermocycled (4°C and 55°C each of 1 minute), then dried and tested using universal testing mechine. Data obtained were analyzed using two ways ANOVA. The statistical analysis using two ways ANOVA revealed that no different shear bond strength of resin composite using self adhesive flowable and flowable resin composite with one step self etch both on enamel and dentin (p>0,05). It can be concluded that there is no difference shear bond strength of resin composite using self adhesive flowable and flowable resin composite with one step self etch bond, there is no difference shear bond strength on the enamel and dentin and no interaction between type of flowable resin composite both enamel and dentin

Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Status Gizi Anak dengan Lupus Eritematosus Sistemik

Penyakit kronis, seperti Lupus Eritematosus Sistemik (LES) merupakan faktor risiko dari terjadinya kegagalan pertumbuhan yang dapat mempengaruhi masa depan anak. Kegagalan pertumbuhan itu sendiri dapat dipicu dari berbagai hal, seperti keparahan penyakit, terapi jangka panjang, maupun dari durasi penyakit itu sendiri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor apa saja yang dapat mempengaruhi status gizi anak dengan Lupus Eritematosus Sistemik (LES). Subjek penelitian adalah 21 anak dengan Lupus Eritematosus Sistemik (LES) yang didiagnosis berdasarkan kriteria ACR tahun 1997 dari rumah sakit Saiful Anwar. Perhitungan status gizi menggunakan Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) yang telah dikonversi menjadi z-score menurut WHO, derajat keparahan menggunakan skor Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI), dan mengetahui dosis steroid serta durasi penyakit melalui kuesioner maupun wawancara. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan penelitian berupa cross-sectional design. Hasil uji korelasi spearman memberikan hasil p > 0.05 , r = -0. 063 ; p > 0.05 , r = 0.089 ; p > 0.05 , r = 0.023. Berdasarkan sampel, tidak didapatkan hubungan yang bermakna antara derajat keparahan penyakit dengan status gizi, tidak didapatkan hubungan yang bermakna antara dosis kumulatif steroid dengan status gizi, dan tidak didapatkan hubungan yang bermakna antara durasi penyakit dengan status gizi