Ensanche y mejora de la LV-3021 en Artesa de Segre (LLeida)

Este proyecto trata el ensanche y la mejora de la vía LV-3021, carretera de orden local situada en la provincia de Lleida, próxima al Municipio de Artesa de Segre. Se trata de una vía de doble sentido a una velocidad máxima de 80km/h. El trazado tiene una longitud total de 6,6 kilómetros. En primer lugar y mediante métodos de medición GPS se han obtenido las coordenadas UTM de las bases topográficas insertadas. A continuación, se ha realizado el levantamiento topográfico de la zona a escala 1:1000. Tras la toma de puntos de campo se ha obtenido el curvado del terreno. Una vez representado el terreno de la zona en formato digital se ha realizado el diseño del nuevo trazado mediante el programa ISTRAM ISPOL. Por un lado se ha proyectado una glorieta partida que sirve como enlace entre la comarcal C-14 y la LV-3021. En el otro enlace, también con la comarcal C- 14, se ha efectuado una reforma del mismo. Además se ha reproyectado todo el trazado, ensanchando los carriles y suavizando las curvas y los cambios de rasante. Mediante estudios de visibilidad se han impuesto las velocidades pertinentes (Vmax 80km/h) en cada tramo de la vía. Se ha utilizado señalización vertical con reducción de velocidad en los tramos necesarios. Se han calculado los perfiles del terreno y se han obtenido los datos de movimientos de tierras. Con los datos obtenidos de Istram, se han elaborado los planos con Autocad y por último se ha redactado la memoria e incorporado los anejos. Planos: - PLANTA GENERAL - PLANTA TOPOGRÁFICO - ALINEACIONES EN PLANTA - PLANTA TRAZADO - PERFIL LONGITUDINAL - PERFILES TRANSVERSALES - SEÑALIZACIÓN Y DRENAJE

Assessing the energetic and environmental impacts of the operation and maintenance of spanish sewer networks from a life-cycle perspective

The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11269-015-0958-2The environmental impacts resulting from sewer networks are best analysed from a life-cycle perspective to integrate the energy requirements into the infrastructure design. The energy requirements for pumping wastewater depend on the configuration of the city (e.g., climate, population, length of the sewer, topography, etc.). This study analyses and models the effect of such site-specific features on energy consumption and related effects in a sample of Spanish cities. The results show that the average annual energy used by sewers (6.4 kWh/capita and 0.014 kWh/m3 of water flow) must not be underestimated because they may require up to 50 % of the electricity needs of a typical treatment plant in terms of consumption per capita. In terms of Global Warming Potential, pumping results in an average of 2.3 kg CO2eq./capita. A significant positive relationship was demonstrated between the kWh consumed and the length of the sewer and between other factors such as the population and wastewater production. In addition, Atlantic cities can consume 5 times as much energy as Mediterranean or Subtropical regions. A similar trend was shown in coastal cities. Finally, a simple predictive model of the electricity consumption was presented that considers the analysed parameters.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

Ensanche y mejora de la LV-3021 en Artesa de Segre (LLeida)

Este proyecto trata el ensanche y la mejora de la vía LV-3021, carretera de orden local situada en la provincia de Lleida, próxima al Municipio de Artesa de Segre. Se trata de una vía de doble sentido a una velocidad máxima de 80km/h. El trazado tiene una longitud total de 6,6 kilómetros. En primer lugar y mediante métodos de medición GPS se han obtenido las coordenadas UTM de las bases topográficas insertadas. A continuación, se ha realizado el levantamiento topográfico de la zona a escala 1:1000. Tras la toma de puntos de campo se ha obtenido el curvado del terreno. Una vez representado el terreno de la zona en formato digital se ha realizado el diseño del nuevo trazado mediante el programa ISTRAM ISPOL. Por un lado se ha proyectado una glorieta partida que sirve como enlace entre la comarcal C-14 y la LV-3021. En el otro enlace, también con la comarcal C- 14, se ha efectuado una reforma del mismo. Además se ha reproyectado todo el trazado, ensanchando los carriles y suavizando las curvas y los cambios de rasante. Mediante estudios de visibilidad se han impuesto las velocidades pertinentes (Vmax 80km/h) en cada tramo de la vía. Se ha utilizado señalización vertical con reducción de velocidad en los tramos necesarios. Se han calculado los perfiles del terreno y se han obtenido los datos de movimientos de tierras. Con los datos obtenidos de Istram, se han elaborado los planos con Autocad y por último se ha redactado la memoria e incorporado los anejos. Planos: - PLANTA GENERAL - PLANTA TOPOGRÁFICO - ALINEACIONES EN PLANTA - PLANTA TRAZADO - PERFIL LONGITUDINAL - PERFILES TRANSVERSALES - SEÑALIZACIÓN Y DRENAJE

Assessing the energetic and environmental impacts of the operation and maintenance of Spanish sewer networks from a life-cycle perspective

The environmental impacts resulting from sewer networks are best analysed from a life-cycle perspective to integrate the energy requirements into the infrastructure design. The energy requirements for pumping wastewater depend on the configuration of the city (e.g., climate, population, length of the sewer, topography, etc.). This study analyses and models the effect of such site-specific features on energy consumption and related effects in a sample of Spanish cities. The results show that the average annual energy used by sewers (6.4 kWh/capita and 0.014 kWh/m³ of water flow) must not be underestimated because they may require up to 50 % of the electricity needs of a typical treatment plant in terms of consumption per capita. In terms of Global Warming Potential, pumping results in an average of 2.3 kg CO₂eq./capita. A significant positive relationship was demonstrated between the kWh consumed and the length of the sewer and between other factors such as the population and wastewater production. In addition, Atlantic cities can consume 5 times as much energy as Mediterranean or Subtropical regions. A similar trend was shown in coastal cities. Finally, a simple predictive model of the electricity consumption was presented that considers the analysed parameters

Assessing the energetic and environmental impacts of the operation and maintenance of spanish sewer networks from a life-cycle perspective

The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11269-015-0958-2The environmental impacts resulting from sewer networks are best analysed from a life-cycle perspective to integrate the energy requirements into the infrastructure design. The energy requirements for pumping wastewater depend on the configuration of the city (e.g., climate, population, length of the sewer, topography, etc.). This study analyses and models the effect of such site-specific features on energy consumption and related effects in a sample of Spanish cities. The results show that the average annual energy used by sewers (6.4 kWh/capita and 0.014 kWh/m3 of water flow) must not be underestimated because they may require up to 50 % of the electricity needs of a typical treatment plant in terms of consumption per capita. In terms of Global Warming Potential, pumping results in an average of 2.3 kg CO2eq./capita. A significant positive relationship was demonstrated between the kWh consumed and the length of the sewer and between other factors such as the population and wastewater production. In addition, Atlantic cities can consume 5 times as much energy as Mediterranean or Subtropical regions. A similar trend was shown in coastal cities. Finally, a simple predictive model of the electricity consumption was presented that considers the analysed parameters.Peer Reviewe

Assessing the energetic and environmental impacts of the operation and maintenance of Spanish sewer networks from a life-cycle perspective

The environmental impacts resulting from sewer networks are best analysed from a life-cycle perspective to integrate the energy requirements into the infrastructure design. The energy requirements for pumping wastewater depend on the configuration of the city (e.g., climate, population, length of the sewer, topography, etc.). This study analyses and models the effect of such site-specific features on energy consumption and related effects in a sample of Spanish cities. The results show that the average annual energy used by sewers (6.4 kWh/capita and 0.014 kWh/m(3) of water flow) must not be underestimated because they may require up to 50 % of the electricity needs of a typical treatment plant in terms of consumption per capita. In terms of Global Warming Potential, pumping results in an average of 2.3 kg CO(2)eq./capita. A significant positive relationship was demonstrated between the kWh consumed and the length of the sewer and between other factors such as the population and wastewater production. In addition, Atlantic cities can consume 5 times as much energy as Mediterranean or Subtropical regions. A similar trend was shown in coastal cities. Finally, a simple predictive model of the electricity consumption was presented that considers the analysed parameters

Erratum to: Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition) (Autophagy, 12, 1, 1-222, 10.1080/15548627.2015.1100356

non present