KERUGIAN INDONESIA DALAM KERJASAMA INDONESIA JAPAN ECONOMIC PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT (IJEPA)

At the outset there has been optimism that Indonesia-Japan Economic Partnership Agreement (IJEPA) will benefit both countries. IJEPA is bilateral economic cooperation between Indonesia and Japan based on three pillars; Market access liberalisation, trade and investment facilitation, and capacity building cooperation. After several years, Indonesia found the disadvantage of this bilateral scheme. This paper aims at explaining why the IJEPA disfavour to Indonesia’s export towards Japan. It finds that the Japan’s standardisation hinders Indonesia’s Export, while at the same time, the IJEPA kick up Japan’s export to Indonesia, mainly electronic and automotive. This paper suggests that Indonesia should take a serious review to the IJEPA scheme

STRATEGI DIVERSIFIKASI PRODUK KOPI SIKADU DI KECAMATAN MREBET KABUPATEN PURBALINGGA DALAM MENINGKATKAN VOLUME PENJUALAN

Tujuan dilakukan mini riset ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisa pengaruh adanya Strategi Diversifikasi Produk Kopi Sikadudi Kecamatan Mrebet Kapubaten Purbalingga dalam Meningkatkan Volume Penjualan. Metode mini riset ini terdapat tiga teknik pengumpulan data yaitu observasi, interview, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Faktor yang Mmempengaruhi Owner Kopi Sikadu menerapkan Strategi Diversifikasi Produk Kopi agar volume penjualan dapat meningkat; (2) Metode yang diterapkan melalu Strategi Diversifikasi Produk terhadap Produk Kopi Sikadu metode adalah dengan metode diversifikasi konsentris, yakni dengan menambah variasi produk yang dipasarkan; (3) dan terdapat pengaruh signifikan atas adanya Diversifikasi Produk Kopi Sikadu terhadap Volume Penjualan

Effect of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure: Metoprolol CR XL Randomised Intervention Trial in Congestive Heart Failure (MERIT-HF)

BACKGROUND: Metoprolol can improve haemodynamics in chronic heart failure, but survival benefit has not been proven. We investigated whether metoprolol controlled release/extended release (CR/XL) once daily, in addition to standard therapy, would lower mortality in patients with decreased ejection fraction and symptoms of heart failure. METHODS: We enrolled 3991 patients with chronic heart failure in New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class II-IV and with ejection fraction of 0.40 or less, stabilised with optimum standard therapy, in a double-blind randomised controlled study. Randomisation was preceded by a 2-week single-blind placebo run-in period. 1990 patients were randomly assigned metoprolol CR/XL 12.5 mg (NYHA III-IV) or 25.0 mg once daily (NYHA II) and 2001 were assigned placebo. The target dose was 200 mg once daily and doses were up-titrated over 8 weeks. Our primary endpoint was all-cause mortality, analysed by intention to treat. FINDINGS: The study was stopped early on the recommendation of the independent safety committee. Mean follow-up time was 1 year. All-cause mortality was lower in the metoprolol CR/XL group than in the placebo group (145 [7.2%, per patient-year of follow-up]) vs 217 deaths [11.0%], relative risk 0.66 [95% CI 0.53-0.81]; p=0.00009 or adjusted for interim analyses p=0.0062). There were fewer sudden deaths in the metoprolol CR/XL group than in the placebo group (79 vs 132, 0.59 [0.45-0.78]; p=0.0002) and deaths from worsening heart failure (30 vs 58, 0.51 [0.33-0.79]; p=0.0023). INTERPRETATION: Metoprolol CR/XL once daily in addition to optimum standard therapy improved survival. The drug was well tolerated