2,841 research outputs found
Crossover from spin accumulation into interface states to spin injection in the germanium conduction band
Electrical spin injection into semiconductors paves the way for exploring new
phenomena in the area of spin physics and new generations of spintronic
devices. However the exact role of interface states in spin injection mechanism
from a magnetic tunnel junction into a semiconductor is still under debate. In
this letter, we demonstrate a clear transition from spin accumulation into
interface states to spin injection in the conduction band of -Ge. We observe
spin signal amplification at low temperature due to spin accumulation into
interface states followed by a clear transition towards spin injection in the
conduction band from 200 K up to room temperature. In this regime, the spin
signal is reduced down to a value compatible with spin diffusion model. More
interestingly, we demonstrate in this regime a significant modulation of the
spin signal by spin pumping generated by ferromagnetic resonance and also by
applying a back-gate voltage which are clear manifestations of spin current and
accumulation in the germanium conduction band.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
EP05.02-003 Durvalumab after Chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in Unresectable Stage III NSCLC. Comparative Study of Two Cohorts in the Real-World Setting
[EN] Introduction: Durvalumab is the new standard of care for unresectable
locally advanced NSCLC, with PD-L1 _1% and who did not
have progression after CRT treatment in the European Union. Our
study compares the effectiveness and the frequency of radiation
pneumonitis in patients treated with concurrent CRT with or without
durvalumab consolidation during the same period in real clinical
practice. Methods: A single-center retrospective study. 71 treated
patients with unresectable stage III NSCLC were included between
March 2018 and December 2021, 37 with CRT followed by durvalumab
and 34 with CRT alone. Real-world progression-free survival
(rwPFS) and real-world overall survival (rwOS) were calculated since
the date of the end CRT. Propensity score matching (PSM) 1:1 was
used to account for differences in baseline characteristics. Results:
Median age was 67 years (range 46-82). 25.4% of the patients were
_75 years old. 78.9% were men and 53.5% former smokers. 54.9%
had squamous histology and 28%, 51% and 21% stage IIIA, IIIB and
IIIC disease, respectively. The most used scheme was carboplatinpaclitaxel
(43.7%), receiving induction chemotherapy in up to 54.9%
of patients. 73.2% received between 60-66 Gy doses of radiotherapy.
Median time from end of CRT to onset durvalumab was 44 days
(range 13-120) with a median of 14 infusions (range 6-27). Of the
34 patients without durvalumab treatment, the expression PD-L1
<1% (58.8%) was the most frequent cause for rejecting consolidation
therapy. After PSM analysis, patients distributions were well
balanced. With a median follow-up of 19.7 months (range 1.4-36.6);
median rw-PFS was 9.3 months (95% CI, 5-13.5) without durvalumab
and 17 months (95% CI, 11-22.9) with durvalumab (p¼0.013).
Median rw-OS was 19.3 months (95% CI, 3.8-34.8) without durvalumab
and 29.9 months (95% CI, 23.3-36.6) with durvalumab
(p¼0.241) with a rw-OS% at 6, 18 and 24 months of 90%, 62% and
49% vs 100%, 86% and 74%, respectively. The rate of radiation
pneumonitis was more frequent with durvalumab consolidation
(56.8% against 44.1%), (p¼0.346), especially within 3 months after
CRT. G3 pneumonitis was only observed in the consolidation therapy.
Conclusions: Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of
durvalumab consolidation after CRT in real-world patients with
unresectable stage III NSCLC. Further sample and longer follow-up
are required to obtain more accurate results. Active surveillance and
appropriate management for radiation pneumonitis are needed, in
especially in candidates for consolidation treatmentS
Carbon and Oxygen Galactic Gradients: Observational Values from HII Region Recombination Lines
We present results of deep echelle spectrophotometry of eight Galactic HII
regions located at Galactocentric distances between 6.3 and 10.4 kpc. The data
have been taken with the Very Large Telescope (VLT) Ultraviolet Echelle
Spectrograph (UVES) in the 3100 to 10360 A range. We have derived C++ and O++
abundances from recombination lines for all the objects, as well as O+
abundances from this kind of lines for three of the nebulae. The intensity of
recombination lines is almost independent of the assumed electron temperature
as well as of the possible presence of spatial temperature variations or
fluctuations inside the nebulae. These data allow the determination of the
gas-phase C and O abundance gradients of the Galactic disk, of paramount
importance for chemical evolution models. This is the first time the C gradient
is derived from such a large number of HII regions and for such a wide range of
Galactocentric distances. Abundance gradients are found of the form
log(O/H) = -0.0440.010 dex kpc^-1, log(C/H) =
-0.1030.018 dex kpc^-1, and log(C/O) = -0.0580.018 dex
kpc^-1.Comment: 13 pages, 2 tables, 2 figures. Published in ApJ Letters, 618, L9
EP05.02-002 Who Benefits More of Durvalumab after Chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in Real-World Patients with Locally Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)?
[EN] Introduction: Durvalumab received EMA approval as consolidation
therapy (CT) for unresectable stage III NSCLC with PD-L1 _1% and
who did not have progression after CRT. Our objective was to analyze
in real clinical practice the effectiveness of durvalumab and explore the
clinical factors that may be associated with the benefit from CT.
Methods: Retrospective study was made at Hospital of Leon (Spain),
including 37 patients with locally advanced NSCLC treated with durvalumab
after CRT treatment between March 2018 and october 2021
(40.5% patients were included in the durvalumab early access program).
The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) could identified after
CRT as a factor that may be benefit from durvalumab. Results: Median
age was 67 years (range 46-82 years). 40.5% of patients were _70
years old. 78.4% were male and 51.4% smokers. 54% had non-squamous
histology. PD-L1 expression was <1% in 5% and not available in
8% patients. 2.7% ROS1 rearrangements, 5.4% KRAS mutations and
not available in 43.2% patients. Stage IIIA, IIIB, IIIC disease were
24.3%, 54.1% and 21.6%, respectively. Median time from end of CRT to
onset durvalumab was 44 days (range 13-120 days). Overall median CT
duration was 214.8 days (range 69-399 days) with a median of 14
infusions (range 6-27 infusions). With a median follow up of 19.7
months (range 1.4-34.9 months); 67.6% had stopped CT: 37.8% due to
completing treatment, 16.2% disease progression, 10.8% adverse event
and 2.7% due to COVID19 infection. Median real-world progressionfree
survival (rwPFS) was 17 months (95% CI, 11-23). Median realworld
overall survival (rwOS) was 29.9 months (95% CI, 23.3-36.6). %
rwOS at 6, 18 and 24 months were 100%, 86.9% and 74.5%, respectively.
For patients with post-CRT NLR not exceeding the cohort median
value of 6, receipt of durvalumab was associated with an improvement
in rwOS (median not reached vs 25.7 months; p¼0.025). 56.8% patients
had any grade of radiation pneumonitis (median time from CRT
start: 119 days [range 36-241 days]). Of these, 19% patients developed
worsening of radiation pneumonitis with durvalumab. 54,1% developed
immune-mediated toxicity, mostly G1-2 (85.1%). Conclusions:
Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of durvalumab consolidation
in this patients population in a real-life setting. We identified low NLR
after CRT as a potentially predictive factor for the benefit of CT in
locally advanced NSCLC.S
COSMOGRAIL XVI: Time delays for the quadruply imaged quasar DES J0408-5354 with high-cadence photometric monitoring
We present time-delay measurements for the new quadruply imaged quasar DES
J0408-5354, the first quadruply imaged quasar found in the Dark Energy Survey
(DES). Our result is made possible by implementing a new observational strategy
using almost daily observations with the MPIA 2.2m telescope at La Silla
observatory and deep exposures reaching a signal-to-noise ratio of about 1000
per quasar image. This data quality allows us to catch small photometric
variations (a few mmag rms) of the quasar, acting on temporal scales much
shorter than microlensing, hence making the time delay measurement very robust
against microlensing. In only 7 months we measure very accurately one of the
time delays in DES J0408-5354: Dt(AB) = -112.1 +- 2.1 days (1.8%) using only
the MPIA 2.2m data. In combination with data taken with the 1.2m Euler Swiss
telescope, we also measure two delays involving the D component of the system
Dt(AD) = -155.5 +- 12.8 days (8.2%) and Dt(BD) = -42.4 +- 17.6 days (41%),
where all the error bars include systematics. Turning these time delays into
cosmological constraints will require deep HST imaging or ground-based Adaptive
Optics (AO), and information on the velocity field of the lensing galaxy.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy &
Astrophysic
Integrated Analysis of Germline and Tumor DNA Identifies New Candidate Genes Involved in Familial Colorectal Cancer
Colorectal cancer (CRC) shows aggregation in some families but no alterations in the known hereditary CRC genes. We aimed to identify new candidate genes which are potentially involved in germline predisposition to familial CRC. An integrated analysis of germline and tumor whole-exome sequencing data was performed in 18 unrelated CRC families. Deleterious single nucleotide variants (SNV), short insertions and deletions (indels), copy number variants (CNVs) and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) were assessed as candidates for first germline or second somatic hits. Candidate tumor suppressor genes were selected when alterations were detected in both germline and somatic DNA, fulfilling Knudson's two-hit hypothesis. Somatic mutational profiling and signature analysis were also performed. A series of germline-somatic variant pairs were detected. In all cases, the first hit was presented as a rare SNV/indel, whereas the second hit was either a different SNV (3 genes) or LOH affecting the same gene (141 genes). BRCA2, BLM, ERCC2, RECQL, REV3L and RIF1 were among the most promising candidate genes for germline CRC predisposition. The identification of new candidate genes involved in familial CRC could be achieved by our integrated analysis. Further functional studies and replication in additional cohorts are required to confirm the selected candidates
Search for chargino-neutralino production with mass splittings near the electroweak scale in three-lepton final states in √s=13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector
A search for supersymmetry through the pair production of electroweakinos with mass splittings near the electroweak scale and decaying via on-shell W and Z bosons is presented for a three-lepton final state. The analyzed proton-proton collision data taken at a center-of-mass energy of √s=13  TeV were collected between 2015 and 2018 by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139  fb−1. A search, emulating the recursive jigsaw reconstruction technique with easily reproducible laboratory-frame variables, is performed. The two excesses observed in the 2015–2016 data recursive jigsaw analysis in the low-mass three-lepton phase space are reproduced. Results with the full data set are in agreement with the Standard Model expectations. They are interpreted to set exclusion limits at the 95% confidence level on simplified models of chargino-neutralino pair production for masses up to 345 GeV
Age at menopause in Latin America
OBJECTIVE: To assess the age at menopause (AM) in Latin America urban areas. DESIGN: A total of 17,150 healthy women, aged 40 to 59 years, accompanying patients to healthcare centers in 47 cities of 15 Latin American countries, were surveyed regarding their age, educational level, healthcare coverage, history of gynecological surgery, smoking habit, presence of menses, and the use of contraception or hormone therapy at menopause. The AM was calculated using logit analysis. RESULTS: The mean age of the entire sample was 49.4 ± 5.5 years. Mean educational level was 9.9 ± 4.5 years, and the use of hormone therapy and oral contraception was 22.1% and 7.9%, respectively. The median AM of women in all centers was 48.6 years, ranging from 43.8 years in Asuncion (Paraguay) to 53 years in Cartagena de Indias (Colombia). Logistic regression analysis determined that women aged 49 living in cities at 2,000 meters or more above sea level (OR = 2.0, 95% CI: 1.4-2.9, P less than 0.001) and those with lower educational level (OR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.3-2.8, P less than 0.001) or living in countries with low gross national product (OR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.5-2.9, P less than 0.001) were more prone to an earlier onset of menopause. CONCLUSIONS: The AM varies widely in Latin America. Lower income and related poverty conditions influence the onset of menopause. © 2006 by The North American Menopause Society
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