1,018 research outputs found
J. P. Rushtons theory of ethnic nepotism
pre-printUnreciprocated aid among co-ethnics and the emotional intensity of ethnic conflict have long been explanatory challenges to evolutionary science. J. P. Rushton's theory of assortative ethnic affiliation-altruism, mating and friendship directed towards fellow ethnics-derives from his more general theory of genetic similarity (GST). GST proposes that humans give preferential treatment to others in whom they detect genetic resemblance and that such behaviour enhances genetic fitness. The theory coincides with W. D. Hamilton's theory of inclusive fitness as applied to relations between populations. GST helps explain core features of ethnicity, including its basis in putative kinship and correlation with gene frequencies. Ethnic nepotism due to similarity is a weak social force compared to social identity. However its pervasiveness makes it a potential driver of evolutionary and social change, a potential borne out by sociological studies of the impact of ethnic diversity on social cohesion and public altruism. Genomics confirms the theory for interactions within populations with sufficient genetic diversity, such as ethnically mixed societies. GST applied to ethnicity is promising for further research in evolutionary social science because it unifies evolutionary and behavioral mechanisms in a single theory
Single-mode sapphire fiber Bragg grating
We present here the inscription of single-mode waveguides with Bragg gratings
in sapphire. The waveguide Bragg gratings have a novel multi-layer depressed
cladding design in the 1550 nm telecommunications waveband. The Bragg gratings
have a narrow bandwidth (<0.5 nm) and have survived annealing at 1000{\deg}C.
The structures are inscribed with femtosecond laser direct writing, using
adaptive beam shaping with a non-immersion objective. A single-mode sapphire
fiber Bragg grating is created by writing a waveguide with a Bragg grating
within a 425 {\mu}m diameter sapphire optical fiber, providing significant
potential for accurate remote sensing in ultra-extreme environments.Comment: Submitted to Optica 12 November 202
Optimization of single-mode sapphire waveguide Bragg gratings
We demonstrate the fabrication and optimization of waveguide Bragg gratings on single-crystal sapphire substrates using femtosecond laser direct writing. The gratings are fabricated using modulated bursts and are embedded inside single-mode depressed cladding waveguides. Through design optimization, and fabrication parameter tuning, a depressed cladding waveguide with a loss of ∼0.8 dB/cm and a Bragg grating with a reflectivity of higher than 90% in the telecommunications wavelength band are demonstrated. The waveguide Bragg grating exhibits stable thermal properties under annealing at 1200°C. A sampled grating and a grating array are also demonstrated, showing the potential for more complex grating designs
Story in health and social care
This paper offers a brief consideration of how narrative, in the form of people‟s own stories, potentially figures in health and social care provision as part of the impulse towards patient-centred care. The rise of the epistemological legitimacy of patients‟ stories is sketched here. The paper draws upon relevant literature and original writing to consider the ways in which stories can mislead as well as illuminate the process of making individual treatment care plans
Bayesian Exponential Random Graph Models with Nodal Random Effects
We extend the well-known and widely used Exponential Random Graph Model
(ERGM) by including nodal random effects to compensate for heterogeneity in the
nodes of a network. The Bayesian framework for ERGMs proposed by Caimo and
Friel (2011) yields the basis of our modelling algorithm. A central question in
network models is the question of model selection and following the Bayesian
paradigm we focus on estimating Bayes factors. To do so we develop an
approximate but feasible calculation of the Bayes factor which allows one to
pursue model selection. Two data examples and a small simulation study
illustrate our mixed model approach and the corresponding model selection.Comment: 23 pages, 9 figures, 3 table
High-precision optical fiber sensing beyond 1000{\deg}C
Sapphire fiber can withstand around 2000{\deg}C, but it is multimoded, giving
poor precision sensors. We demonstrate a single-mode sapphire fiber Bragg
grating temperature sensor operating up to 1200{\deg}C. The repeatability above
1000{\deg}C is within {\pm}0.08%.Comment: 4 Pages, 5 Figure
Corrigendum: Induction of Robust B Cell Responses After Influenza mRNA Vaccination Is Accompanied by Circulating Hemagglutinin-Specific ICOS+ PD-1+ CXCR3+ T Follicular Helper Cells
A novel implementation of mARC treatment for non-dedicated planning systems using converted IMRT plans
The ocean sampling day consortium
Ocean Sampling Day was initiated by the EU-funded Micro B3 (Marine Microbial Biodiversity, Bioinformatics, Biotechnology) project to obtain a snapshot of the marine microbial biodiversity and function of the world’s oceans. It is a simultaneous global mega-sequencing campaign aiming to generate the largest standardized microbial data set in a single day. This will be achievable only through the coordinated efforts of an Ocean Sampling Day Consortium, supportive partnerships and networks between sites. This commentary outlines the establishment, function and aims of the Consortium and describes our vision for a sustainable study of marine microbial communities and their embedded functional traits
OceanSITES Innovation Report
Innovation and improvement report on the extension of capabilities to measure emerging EOVs including metagenomics across different observational platforms with links to MicroB3 best practice
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