الفائض التسويقي من الألبان في القرية المصرية

There is a deficit in domestic milk production to cover the national Consumption. The gap between consumption and production reached about 1.3 million tons in 2014.the slow growth in domestic production Indicates that such gap is expecting to expand in the future. The traditional mixed farming system which is the common agricultural system in the Egyptian villages produces about 82% of the domestic annual milk production in Egypt. However, the traditional farmers suffer from poor marketing system including unfair transactions. The study relied on another field survey designed and performed by this study through a Questionnaire. The data were collected during the year 2016 to cover the agricultural year 2015/ 2016. The sample size was 60 farms from two villages in Sharkia governorate. One village was near the urban markets and the other relatively far from those markets. Such field sample survey data were used to estimate an economic model of the dairy market surplus in the Egyptian village. The results of the economic model of the dairy market surplus in the Egyptian village showed that every additional 1- kg of milk production from adds about 0.87 kilograms to the milk marketed surplus. While a same increase of cow milk adds about 0.82 kilogram to the marketed surplus., the rest of the marginal increase, is directed to the consumption of the farm household. While the village fare from the urban market sold 64% of the milk marketed surplus to the wholesalers, only 46% was sold from the other village close to the market to the same outlet. The module, also showed that the market milk surplus from the village near the urban markets increased by 408 kilogram of buffalo milk and by 511 cow milk above that sold from the village far from the urban markets

Studying the Role of Cerebrovascular Changes in Different Compartments in Human Brains in Hypertension Prediction

Hypertension is a major cause of mortality of millions of people worldwide. Cerebral vascular changes are clinically observed to precede the onset of hypertension. The early detection and quantification of these cerebral changes would help greatly in the early prediction of the disease. Hence, preparing appropriate medical plans to avoid the disease and mitigate any adverse events. This study aims to investigate whether studying the cerebral changes in specific regions of human brains (specifically, the anterior, and the posterior compartments) separately, would increase the accuracy of hypertension prediction compared to studying the vascular changes occurring over the entire brain’s vasculature. This was achieved by proposing a computer-aided diagnosis system (CAD) to predict hypertension based on cerebral vascular changes that occur at the anterior compartment, the posterior compartment, and the whole brain separately, and comparing corresponding prediction accuracy. The proposed CAD system works in the following sequence: (1) an MRA dataset of 72 subjects was preprocessed to enhance MRA image quality, increase homogeneity, and remove noise artifacts. (2) each MRA scan was then segmented using an automatic adaptive local segmentation algorithm. (3) the segmented vascular tree was then processed to extract and quantify hypertension descriptive vascular features (blood vessels’ diameters and tortuosity indices) the change of which has been recorded over the time span of the 2-year study. (4) a classification module used these descriptive features along with corresponding differences in blood pressure readings for each subject, to analyze the accuracy of predicting hypertension by examining vascular changes in the anterior, the posterior, and the whole brain separately. Experimental results presented evidence that studying the vascular changes that take place in specific regions of the brain, specifically the anterior compartment reported promising accuracy percentages of up to 90%. However, studying the vascular changes occurring over the entire brain still achieve the best accuracy (of up to 100%) in hypertension prediction compared to studying specific compartments

Synthesis, X-ray, Hirshfeld, and AIM Studies on Zn(II) and Cd(II) Complexes with Pyridine Ligands

The synthesis and crystal structures of three heteroleptic complexes of Zn(II) and Cd(II) with pyridine ligands (ethyl nicotinate (EtNic), N,N-diethylnicotinamide (DiEtNA), and 2-amino-5-picoline (2Ampic) are presented. The complex [Zn(EtNic)2Cl2] (1) showed a distorted tetrahedral coordination geometry with two EtNic ligand units and two chloride ions as monodentate ligands. Complexes [Zn(DiEtNA)(H2O)4(SO4)]·H2O (2) and [Cd(OAc)2(2Ampic)2] (3) had hexa-coordinated Zn(II) and Cd(II) centers. In the former, the Zn(II) was coordinated with three different monodentate ligands, which were DiEtNA, H2O, and SO42−. In 3, the Cd(II) ion was coordinated with two bidentate acetate ions and two monodentate 2Ampic ligand units. The supramolecular structures of the three complexes were elucidated using Hirshfeld analysis. In 1, the most important interactions that governed the molecular packing were O···H (15.5–15.6%), Cl···H (13.6–13.8%), Cl···C (6.3%), and C···H (10.3–10.6%) contacts. For complexes 2 and 3, the H···H, O···H, and C···H contacts dominated. Their percentages were 50.2%, 41.2%, and 7.1%, respectively, for 2 and 57.1%, 19.6%, and 15.2%, respectively, for 3. Only in complex 3, weak π-π stacking interactions between the stacked pyridines were found. The Zn(II) natural charges were calculated using the DFT method to be 0.8775, 1.0559, and 1.2193 for complexes 1–3, respectively. A predominant closed-shell character for the Zn–Cl, Zn–N, Zn–O, Cd–O, and Cd–N bonds was also concluded from an atoms in molecules (AIM) study

New Triazoloquinoxaline Ligand and its Polymeric 1D Silver(I) complex Synthesis, Structure, and Antimicrobial activity

The organic ligand 4-Benzyl-1-(N,N-dimethylamino)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3a]quinoxaline 1 (L) and its polymeric silver(I) complex, [Ag2L(NO3)2]n (2), have been synthesized and characterized. The organic ligand 1 crystallizes in the triclinic space group P¯1. The unit cell contains two parallel-stacked molecules. The complex [Ag2L(NO3)2]n (2) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n. The structure contains two different silver(I) ions. Ag(2) is coordinated by three oxygens (involving two nitrate groups) and to a nitrogen of the triazole ring of 1. These ligands form a strongly distorted tetrahedral, nearly planar coordination sphere. Ag(1) has an approximately tetrahedral geometry. It is bonded to one oxygen of a nitrate anion and a nitrogen of two different L; this aspect giving rise to an infinite chain structure. A final bond to Ag(1) involves the carbon of a phenyl group. It is more weakly bonded to the phenyl carbons on either side of this, so that the Ag(1)-phenyl bonding has aspects of an Ag-allyl bond. Ag(1) and Ag(2) participate in bonding to a common nitrate anion and alternate, the two distinct modes of bridging between them lead to a zig-zag chain structure. In addition to spectroscopic studies, the biological activities of the ligand and of the complex were scanned over a wide range of Gram positive and Gram negative flesh- and bone-eating bacteria. The results are discussed in comparison with well-known antibiotics

Synthesis, X-ray structure, Hirshfeld surface analysis and antimicrobial assessment of tetranuclear s-triazine hydrazine Schiff base ligand

Funding: The Deputyship for Research and Innovation, “Ministry of Education”, King Saud University (IFKSUOR3-188-3), Saudi Arabia.The unexpected tetranuclear [Cu4(DPPT)2Cl6] complex was obtained by self-assembly of CuCl2.2H2O and (E)-2,4-di(piperidin-1-yl)-6-(2-(1-(pyridin-2-yl)ethylidene)hydrazinyl)-1,3,5-triazine, ( HDPPT ) in ethanol. In this tetranuclear [Cu4(DPPT)2Cl6] complex, the organic ligand acts as mononegative chelate bridging two crystallographically independent Cu(II) sites. The DPPT− anion acts as a bidentate ligand with respect to Cu(1), while it is a tridentate for Cu(2). The Cu(1)N2Cl3 and Cu(2)N3Cl spheres have square pyramidal and square planar coordination geometries with some distortion, respectively. Two of the chloride ions coordinating the Cu(1) are bridging between two crystallographically related Cu(1) sites connecting two [Cu2(DPPT)Cl3] units together, leading to the tetranuclear formula [Cu4(DPPT)2Cl6]. The packing of the [Cu4(DPPT)2Cl6] complex is dominated by C-H…Cl contacts, leading to one-dimensional hydrogen-bond polymeric structure. According to Hirshfeld surface analysis of molecular packing, the non-covalent interactions H…H, Cl…H, Cl…C, C…H, and N…H are the most significant. Their percentages are 52.8, 19.0, 3.2, 7.7, and 9.7%, respectively. Antimicrobial assessment showed good antifungal activity of the Cu(II) complex against A. fumigatus and C. albicans compared to Ketoconazole as positive control. Moreover, the [Cu4(DPPT)2Cl6] complex has higher activity against Gram-positive bacteria than Gentamycin as positive control. The opposite was observed when testing the tetranuclear [Cu4(DPPT)2Cl6] complex against the Gram-negative bacteria.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Synthesis, structure and antimicrobial activity of new Co(II) complex with bis-morpholino/benzoimidazole -s-triazine Ligand

Funding: The authors would like to extend their sincere appreciation to the Researchers Supporting Project (RSP2023R64), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.A new Co(II) perchlorate complex of the bis-morpholino/benzoimidazole-s-triazine ligand, 4,4′-(6-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl)dimorpholine ( BMBIT ), was synthesized and characterized. The structure of the new Co(II) complex was approved to be [Co(BMBIT)2(H2O)4](ClO4)2*H2O using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The Co(II) complex was found crystallized in the monoclinic crystal system and P21/c space group. The unit cell parameters are a = 22.21971(11) Å, b = 8.86743(4) Å, c = 24.38673(12) Å and β = 113.4401(6)°. This heteroleptic complex has distorted octahedral coordination geometry with two monodenatate BMBIT ligand units via the benzoimidazole N-atom and four water molecules as monodentate ligands. The hydration water and perchlorate ions participated significantly in the supramolecular structure of the [Co( BMBIT )2(H2O)4](ClO4)2*H2O complex. Analysis of dnorm map and a fingerprint plot indicated the importance of O···H, N···H, C···H, C···O, C···N and H···H contacts. Their percentages are 27.5, 7.9, 14.0, 0.9, 2.8 and 43.5%, respectively. The sensitivity of some harmful microbes towards the studied compounds was investigated. The Co(II) complex has good antifungal activity compared to the free BMBIT which has no antifungal activity. The Co(II) complex has good activity against B. subtilis, S. aureus, P. vulgaris and E. coli while the free BMBIT ligand has limited activity only towards B. subtilis and P. vulgaris. Hence, the [Co( BMBIT )2(H2O)4](ClO4)2*H2O complex has broad spectrum antimicrobial action compared to the free BMBIT ligand.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Chitosan-Functionalized-Graphene Oxide (GO@CS) Beads as an Effective Adsorbent to Remove Cationic Dye from Wastewater

In this study, the preparation of graphene oxide@chitosan (GO@CS) composite beads was investigated via continuous dropping techniques to remove methylene blue (MB)-dye from an aqueous media. The prepared beads were characterized using various techniques before and after the adsorption of MB. The experimental results showed that the adsorption processes fit the kinetic pseudo-second-order and Langmuir isotherm models. Moreover, the GO@CS beads achieve maximum adsorption capacities of 23.26 mg g$^{−1}$, which was comparable with other adsorbents in the literature. An important advantage of our adsorbent is that the GO@CS can remove 82.1% of the real sample color within 135 min

Design, Synthesis, Chemical and Biochemical Insights Into Novel Hybrid Spirooxindole-Based p53-MDM2 Inhibitors With Potential Bcl2 Signaling Attenuation

The tumor resistance to p53 activators posed a clinical challenge. Combination studies disclosed that concomitant administration of Bcl2 inhibitors can sensitize the tumor cells and induce apoptosis. In this study, we utilized a rapid synthetic route to synthesize two novel hybrid spirooxindole-based p53-MDM2 inhibitors endowed with Bcl2 signaling attenuation. The adducts mimic the thematic features of the chemically stable potent spiro [3H-indole-3,2′-pyrrolidin]-2(1H)-ones p53-MDM2 inhibitors, while installing a pyrrole ring via a carbonyl spacer inspired by the natural marine or synthetic products that efficiently inhibit Bcl2 family functions. A chemical insight into the two synthesized spirooxindoles including single crystal x-ray diffraction analysis unambiguously confirmed their structures. The synthesized spirooxindoles 2a and 2b were preliminarily tested for cytotoxic activities against normal cells, MDA-MB 231, HepG-2, and Caco-2 via MTT assay. 2b was superior to 5-fluorouracil. Mechanistically, 2b induced apoptosis-dependent anticancer effect (43%) higher than that of 5-fluorouracil (34.95%) in three studied cancer cell lines, activated p53 (47%), downregulated the Bcl2 gene (1.25-fold), and upregulated p21 (2-fold) in the treated cancer cells. Docking simulations declared the possible binding modes of the synthesized compounds within MDM2

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London