Pengembangan Infrastruktur Pelabuhan Dalam Mendukung Pembangunan Berkelanjutan

Pelabuhan sebagai infrastruktur transportasi laut mempunyai peran yang sangat penting dan strategis untuk pertumbuhan industri dan perdagangan serta merupakan segmen USAha yang dapat memberikan kontribusi bagi perekonomian dan pembangunan nasional karena merupakan bagian dari mata rantai dari sistem transportasi maupun logistik. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan pengelolaan pelabuhan dilakukan secara efektif, efisien, dan profesional sehingga pelayanan pelabuhan menjadi lancar, aman, dan cepat. Transportasi laut sangat berperan dalam distribusian barang dan jasa di Indonesia khususnya pulau-pulau di Bagian Timur Indonesia. Untuk menunjang perantersebut dibutuhkan dukungan infrastruktur pelabuhan dengan fasilitas yang mencukupi.Salah satu pelabuhan di kawasan ini yang memiliki posisi staregis yang baik untuk dikembangkan berdasarkan potensi perekonomian untuk meningkatkan pembangunan wilayah adalah Pelabuhan Bungkutoko Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis infrastruktur Pelabuhan dan dan merumuskan strategi pengembangan pelabuhan. Lokasi penelitian terletak di PelabuhanBungkutoko Kendari Sulawesi Tenggara. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan kuantitatif, yang bertujuan untuk menggambarkan secara sistematis kebutuhan pelayanan pelabuhan. Desain penelitian yang dilaksanakanmenggunakan metode survey atau langsung ke lokasi penelitian dengan tujuan untuk memperoleh data dan informasi yang akurat. Hasil penelitian menunjukan operasional pelayanan Pelabuhan Bungkutoko Kendari menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata kapal bekerja di tambatan (ET) yaitu 36.48 jam dan rataratalamanya satu kapal berada di pelabuhan (BT) yaitu 85.41 jam, pemanfaatan dermaga (BOR) kurang baik yaitu 56.50 %. Pemanfaatan gudang/lapangan penumpukan relatif rendah karena menggunakan sistem truck lossing. Kebutuhan dermaga petikemas di Pelabuhan Bungkutoko memerlukan pembangunan 1 unit dermaga, pelayanan angkutan petikemas dan multiguna sangat lambat dibanding kebutuhan sehinggapelayanan waktu kapal dan kelancaran komoditi belum begitu memuaskan masyarakat.Fasilitas dermaga dan lapangan penumpukan pada umumnya kritis untuk menghadapi pertumbuhan lalu lintas angkutan laut untuk periode 5 tahun mendatang. Strategi pengembangan yaitu perluasan pembangunan infrastruktur, dengan kebijakanmeningkatan investasi pemerintah di bidang infrastruktur,meningkatan dan perluasan kapasitas infrastruktur dan peningkatan akses jaringan jalan wilayah pelabuha

Get screened: a pragmatic randomized controlled trial to increase mammography and colorectal cancer screening in a large, safety net practice

Abstract Background Most randomized controlled trials of interventions designed to promote cancer screening, particularly those targeting poor and minority patients, enroll selected patients. Relatively little is known about the benefits of these interventions among unselected patients. Methods/Design "Get Screened" is an American Cancer Society-sponsored randomized controlled trial designed to promote mammography and colorectal cancer screening in a primary care practice serving low-income patients. Eligible patients who are past due for mammography or colorectal cancer screening are entered into a tracking registry and randomly assigned to early or delayed intervention. This 6-month intervention is multimodal, involving patient prompts, clinician prompts, and outreach. At the time of the patient visit, eligible patients receive a low-literacy patient education tool. At the same time, clinicians receive a prompt to remind them to order the test and, when appropriate, a tool designed to simplify colorectal cancer screening decision-making. Patient outreach consists of personalized letters, automated telephone reminders, assistance with scheduling, and linkage of uninsured patients to the local National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection program. Interventions are repeated for patients who fail to respond to early interventions. We will compare rates of screening between randomized groups, as well as planned secondary analyses of minority patients and uninsured patients. Data from the pilot phase show that this multimodal intervention triples rates of cancer screening (adjusted odds ratio 3.63; 95% CI 2.35 - 5.61). Discussion This study protocol is designed to assess a multimodal approach to promotion of breast and colorectal cancer screening among underserved patients. We hypothesize that a multimodal approach will significantly improve cancer screening rates. The trial was registered at Clinical Trials.gov NCT00818857http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/78264/1/1472-6963-10-280.xmlhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/78264/2/1472-6963-10-280.pdfPeer Reviewe

Catalytic activation of ceramic H2 membranes for CMR processes

[EN] The application of catalytic membrane reactors can overcome some of the disadvantages that reactions for the direct conversion of methane to fuels and petrochemicals present. Hydrogen separation membranes can shift the reaction equilibrium by hydrogen removal, improving the separation, selectivity and yield of the reactions. La5.5WO11.25-delta/La0.87Sr0.13CrO3-delta (LWO/LSC) based membranes present a high H-2 flux within the temperature range where CMR can be applied. However, the catalytic activity of the material is very low and it has to be improved. This work presents the development of different catalytic layers based on LSC material and the study of their influence on the H-2 flux obtained by using 60/40-LWO/LSC membranes. Membranes coated with porous layer made of Ni-infiltrated La0.75Ce0.1Sr0.15CrO3-delta exhibited the best permeation flux but still 20% lower than the one reached using Pt layers. Stability of the catalytic layers is also evaluated under H2 permeation conditions and under high steam content methane. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Financial support by the Spanish Government (Grants ENE2014-57651-R, CSD-2009-0050 and SEV-2012-0267) and CoorsTek Membrane Sciences is kindly acknowledged. The authors are indebted to M. Fabuel for sample preparation. The support of the Servicio de Microscopia Electronica of the Universidad Politecnica de Valencia is also acknowledged.Escolástico Rozalén, S.; Kjolseth, C.; Serra Alfaro, JM. (2016). Catalytic activation of ceramic H2 membranes for CMR processes. Journal of Membrane Science. 517:57-63. doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2016.06.017S576351

Tumor-derived interleukin-10 as a prognostic factor in stage III patients undergoing adjuvant treatment with an autologous melanoma cell vaccine.

OBJECTIVES: Interleukin-10 (IL-10) downregulates T-cell-mediated immune responses. We studied the association between IL-10 production by freshly isolated melanoma cell suspensions in vitro and overall survival in patients undergoing adjuvant treatment with a vaccine prepared from the same autologous melanoma cells modified with a hapten, dinitrophenyl (DNP). METHODS: Forty-four patients with cutaneous melanoma (29 stage III and 15 stage IV) were prospectively evaluated. Tumor cells were extracted from metastatic deposits for production of DNP-modified autologous melanoma cell vaccine. Small aliquots of the melanoma cell suspensions were separated prior to vaccine processing and cultured overnight for IL-10 production. Based on a blind assessment of the distribution of IL-10 levels in the culture supernatants, a cutoff of 200 pg/ml was used to define high versus low IL-10 producers. Cox regression model was used for multivariate analysis. Overall survival was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and survival curves were compared with the log-rank test. RESULTS: Out of 44 patients, 29 were low and 15 were high IL-10 producers. The median OS was significantly worse for high compared with low IL-10 producers (10.5 months vs. 42 months; P = 0.022). In stage III patients, the multivariate hazard ratio for high versus low IL-10 producers was 2.92 (95% CI, 1.04-8.20; P = 0.041). The corresponding hazard ratio in stage IV patients was 0.92 (95% CI, 1.04-8.20; P = 0.888). CONCLUSIONS: High IL-10 production in the tumor microenvironment could be a determinant of clinical outcomes in stage III melanoma patients receiving autologous melanoma cell vaccine

Enhanced hydrogen production from thermochemical processes

To alleviate the pressing problem of greenhouse gas emissions, the development and deployment of sustainable energy technologies is necessary. One potentially viable approach for replacing fossil fuels is the development of a H2 economy. Not only can H2 be used to produce heat and electricity, it is also utilised in ammonia synthesis and hydrocracking. H2 is traditionally generated from thermochemical processes such as steam reforming of hydrocarbons and the water-gas-shift (WGS) reaction. However, these processes suffer from low H2 yields owing to their reversible nature. Removing H2 with membranes and/or extracting CO2 with solid sorbents in situ can overcome these issues by shifting the component equilibrium towards enhanced H2 production via Le Chatelier's principle. This can potentially result in reduced energy consumption, smaller reactor sizes and, therefore, lower capital costs. In light of this, a significant amount of work has been conducted over the past few decades to refine these processes through the development of novel materials and complex models. Here, we critically review the most recent developments in these studies, identify possible research gaps, and offer recommendations for future research

Localization and Coupling of Adenylyl Cyclase Isoforms 2, 3 and 6 With G Protein-Coupled Receptors in Mouse Bronchial Smooth Muscle Cells

Several GPCR stimulate adenylyl cyclase (AC) to increase cAMP and promote relaxation in smooth muscle. β-adrenergic receptors only couple to certain AC isoforms due to compartmentation in lipid rafts. Previous data show AC2, AC3, AC4 and AC6 are expressed in primary mouse bronchial smooth muscle cells (mBSMC). We overexpressed AC2, AC3 or AC6 in mBSMC using recombinant adenoviruses and assessed their localization by cell fractionation and confocal microscopy then determined the coupling of various GPCR to each AC isoform by examining the arborization response to receptor-specific agonists. Lipid rafts were isolated using a detergent-based fractionation method and fractions were analyzed by immunoblotting. AC3 and AC6 were expressed primarily in caveolin-rich fractions, whereas the AC2 expression was excluded from these domains. Forskolin-induced arborization of mBSMC, measured by time-lapse microscopy, was enhanced by overexpression of all three AC isoforms. Isoproterenol- or beraprost-mediated arborization was only accelerated by AC6 overexpression. In contrast, butaprost-mediated arborization was only accelerated by AC2 overexpression. AC3 overexpression did not significantly alter the response to any of these agonists. Our results imply that particular GPCR couple to discreet AC isoforms, likely based upon their colocalization

Adenylyl Cyclase 2 (AC2) Selectively Couples to EP2 Receptors While Adenylyl Cyclase 3 (AC3) is Not Receptor Regulated in Airway Smooth Muscle

Adenylyl cyclases (ACs) are important regulators of airway smooth muscle function, because β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) agonists stimulate AC activity and cAMP production. We have previously shown in a number of cell types that AC6 selectively couples to βAR and these proteins are coexpressed in lipid rafts. We overexpressed AC2, AC3, and AC6 in mouse bronchial smooth muscle cells (mBSMCs) and human embryonic kidney (HEK)-293 cells by using recombinant adenoviruses and assessed their localization and regulation by various G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). AC3 and AC6 were expressed primarily in caveolin-rich fractions, whereas AC2 expression was excluded from these domains. AC6 expression enhanced cAMP production in response to isoproterenol but did not increase responses to butaprost, reflecting the colocalization of AC6 with β2AR but not E prostanoid type 2 receptor (EP2R) in lipid raft fractions. AC2 expression enhanced butaprost-stimulated cAMP production but had no effect on the β2AR-mediated response. AC3 did not couple to any GPCR tested. Forskolin-induced arborization of mBSMCs was assessed as a functional readout of cAMP signaling. Arborization was enhanced by overexpression of AC6 and AC3, but AC2 had no effect. GPCR-stimulated arborization mirrored the selective coupling observed for cAMP production. With the addition of the phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor rolipram AC2 accelerated forskolin-stimulated arborization. Thus, AC2 selectively couples to EP2R, but signals from this complex are limited by PDE4 activity. AC3 does not seem to couple to GPCR in either mBSMCs or HEK-293 cells, so it probably exists in a distinct signaling domain in these cells