Las prácticas participativas de los agricultores familiares para la gestión del agua y la soberanía alimentaria en el norte de la provincia de Córdoba - Argentina

La importancia de esta investigación está centrada en la reflexión sobre el desarrollo y el agua, sobre las particularidades de la agricultura familiar y su relación con el fortalecimiento de la soberanía alimentaria y el enfoque de las prácticas de intervención, que incorpore el análisis complejo de una realidad en particular, la producción y reproducción social de la agricultura familiar en la Provincia de Córdoba. Este trabajo se basa en la hipótesis de que las prácticas de intervención y las tecnologías propuestas para que los agricultores familiares accedan al agua para producir y reproducirse socialmente deben responder a un paradigma de reconocimiento y aceptación de las condiciones agroecológicas y dinámicas socioorganizativas a partir de las cuales construir territorios sociales equitativos. Se seleccionaron tres (3) estudios de caso, utilizando técnicas de relevamiento de información secundaria de diversas fuentes y de información primaria como entrevistas a informantes seleccionados y entrevistas en profundidad. De esta primera información primaria se detectan dos casos donde la práctica de gestión del agua surge de un trabajo previo comunitario y ayudo a consolidar la organización. En el restante caso se visualiza una actividad transferencista.The importance of this research is focused in the reflection on development and water, on the particularities of family farming and its relation to the strengthening of food sovereignty and the approach of intervention practices, incorporating the complex analysis of a particular reality, production and social reproduction of family farming in the province of Córdoba. This work is based on the hypothesis that intervention practices and technologies proposals for family farmers accessing to water to produce and reproduce socially must respond to a paradigm of recognition and acceptance of agro-ecological and socio-organizational dynamics from which build equitable social territories. Three (3) case studies were selected using survey techniques of secondary information from various sources and primary data as interviews with selected informants and interviews. In the first two cases where primary information management practice water comes from a communal previous work and help strengthen the organization are detected. In the remaining case, a transferencista activity is displayedEje A6: Desarrollo Rural, Movimientos Sociales, Estado y AgroecologíaFacultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Las prácticas participativas de los agricultores familiares para la gestión del agua y la soberanía alimentaria en el norte de la provincia de Córdoba - Argentina

La importancia de esta investigación está centrada en la reflexión sobre el desarrollo y el agua, sobre las particularidades de la agricultura familiar y su relación con el fortalecimiento de la soberanía alimentaria y el enfoque de las prácticas de intervención, que incorpore el análisis complejo de una realidad en particular, la producción y reproducción social de la agricultura familiar en la Provincia de Córdoba. Este trabajo se basa en la hipótesis de que las prácticas de intervención y las tecnologías propuestas para que los agricultores familiares accedan al agua para producir y reproducirse socialmente deben responder a un paradigma de reconocimiento y aceptación de las condiciones agroecológicas y dinámicas socioorganizativas a partir de las cuales construir territorios sociales equitativos. Se seleccionaron tres (3) estudios de caso, utilizando técnicas de relevamiento de información secundaria de diversas fuentes y de información primaria como entrevistas a informantes seleccionados y entrevistas en profundidad. De esta primera información primaria se detectan dos casos donde la práctica de gestión del agua surge de un trabajo previo comunitario y ayudo a consolidar la organización. En el restante caso se visualiza una actividad transferencista.The importance of this research is focused in the reflection on development and water, on the particularities of family farming and its relation to the strengthening of food sovereignty and the approach of intervention practices, incorporating the complex analysis of a particular reality, production and social reproduction of family farming in the province of Córdoba. This work is based on the hypothesis that intervention practices and technologies proposals for family farmers accessing to water to produce and reproduce socially must respond to a paradigm of recognition and acceptance of agro-ecological and socio-organizational dynamics from which build equitable social territories. Three (3) case studies were selected using survey techniques of secondary information from various sources and primary data as interviews with selected informants and interviews. In the first two cases where primary information management practice water comes from a communal previous work and help strengthen the organization are detected. In the remaining case, a transferencista activity is displayedEje A6: Desarrollo Rural, Movimientos Sociales, Estado y AgroecologíaFacultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Maní tostado con miel y maní tostado de Argentina. Análisis químico y sensorial

The objective of this work was to characterize the chemical and sensory aspects of Honey Roasted (HRP) and Roasted Peanuts (RP). These products were evaluated for sensory analysis: overall acceptance using a consumer test and a descriptive analysis using a trained panel. Percentages of protein, oil, carbohydrate and ash was analyzed in HRP and RP. The contents of carbohydrate, oil and protein in HRP were 28.22%, 45.56% and 21.06%, respectively. RP showed higher percentages of lipids and protein and lower percentages of carbohydrate content than HRP. The total energetic value was lower in HRP. Values of 8 (like very much) were chosen by a higher number of consumer panelist for HRP while values of 6 (like slightly) were found in a higher proportion for RP. The trained panel described 11 attributes: brown color, roughness, roasted peanutty, oxidized, cardboard, sweet, salty, bitter, sour, hardness and crunchiness. The roasted peanutty intensity in RP was higher than in HRP. The intensities of roughness, sweet and salty in HRP were higher than in RP.El objetivo del trabajo fue caracterizar química y sensorialmente al Maní Tostado con Miel (MTM) y Maní Tostado (MT). Estos dos productos fueron evaluados sensorialmente analizando su aceptabilidad por parte de consumidores (test de aceptabilidad) y sus atributos sensoriales por el uso de un panel de jueces entrenados (prueba descriptiva). Por otra parte se describió la composición química porcentual: porcentajes de proteínas, aceites, hidratos de carbonos y cenizas. Los contenidos de hidratos de carbonos, aceites y proteínas en MTM fueron de 28,22%, 45.56% y 21,06%. MT presentó mayores porcentajes de lípidos y proteínas y menor contenido de hidratos de carbono que MTM. El valor energético total de MTM es levemente menor que en MT. La aceptabilidad de los productos mostró mayor número de consumidores que le asignaron un valor de 8 ( me gusta mucho) dentro de una escala hedónica de 9 puntos a MTM y de 6 (me gusta ligeramente) a MT. El panel de jueces entrenados describieron 11 atributos: color marrón, rugosidad, sabores a maní tostado, oxidado y cartón, dulce, salado, amargo, ácido, dureza y crujiente. La intensidad del atributo maní tostado fue mayor en MT que en MTM mientras que este último presentó mayor intensidad en los atributos rugosidad, dulce y salado

La gestión del agua, análisis territorial de la cuenca de Cruz del Eje

Ponencia presentada en las VIII Jornadas Interdisciplinarias de Estudios Agrarios y Agroindustriales. Buenos Aires, Argentina, 31 de octubre al 1 de noviembre de 2013La gestión del agua es analizada considerando los criterios de territorialidad y diversidad social y productiva, propios de la heterogeneidad evolutiva del espacio rural, contemplando la conservación de los recursos naturales. Esta investigación se centró en un análisis teórico – metodológico para entender el entramado de la gestión del agua con un abordaje integral y participativo. Para permitir la emergencia de las diferencias y la conflictualidad en el acceso al agua y su uso, se aplicó la técnica de grupos focales. La consigna de trabajo se centró en la elaboración de propuestas y alternativas de mejoramiento de la gestión, abarcando la multiplicidad de dimensiones involucradas. La unidad de análisis y de investigación es la cuenca hidrográfica definida por la pluralidad de actores y la complejidad de relaciones entre ellos. El estudio de la gestión del agua desde una perspectiva integral garantiza legitimidad, sostenibilidad y gobernabilidad en el aprovechamiento del agua y en su justa distribución. Para profundizar en los aspectos participativos de la gestión del agua, se incorporaron variables históricas, socio-organizativas, institucionales, económicas, ambientales, productivas y jurídicas. Se evidencia la gestión del agua considerada parte de un proceso de desarrollo que construye un tipo de territorio social, productivo y ambiental.Fil: Bisio, Catalina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; Argentina.Fil: Bisio, Catalina. Gobierno de la Provincia de Córdoba. Ministerio de Agricultura, Ganadería y Alimentos; Argentina.Fil: Ryan, Silvia Laura. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; Argentina.Fil: Bergamín, Gerardo Antonio. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; Argentina.Fil: Re, Gustavo Enrique. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; Argentina.Fil: Menna, José María. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; Argentina.Fil: Ramos, Carlos A. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; Argentina.Fil: Rojas, D. Gobierno de la Provincia de Córdoba. Ministerio de Agricultura, Ganadería y Alimentos; Argentina

Three Hypervelocity White Dwarfs in Gaia DR2: Evidence for Dynamically Driven Double-Degenerate Double-Detonation Type Ia Supernovae

Double detonations in double white dwarf (WD) binaries undergoing unstable mass transfer have emerged in recent years as one of the most promising Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) progenitor scenarios. One potential outcome of this "dynamically driven double-degenerate double-detonation" (D^6) scenario is that the companion WD survives the explosion and is flung away with a velocity equal to its > 1000 km/s pre-SN orbital velocity. We perform a search for these hypervelocity runaway WDs using Gaia's second data release. In this paper, we discuss seven candidates followed up with ground-based instruments. Three sources are likely to be some of the fastest known stars in the Milky Way, with total Galactocentric velocities between 1000 and 3000 km/s, and are consistent with having previously been companion WDs in pre-SN Ia systems. However, although the radial velocity of one of the stars is > 1000 km/s, the radial velocities of the other two stars are puzzlingly consistent with 0. The combined five-parameter astrometric solutions from Gaia and radial velocities from follow-up spectra yield tentative 6D confirmation of the D^6 scenario. The past position of one of these stars places it within a faint, old SN remnant, further strengthening the interpretation of these candidates as hypervelocity runaways from binary systems that underwent SNe Ia.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ. Minor corrections for clarity. D6 spectra are available as ancillary data file

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Área de Consolidación en Agroecología y Desarrollo Territorial. Un espacio curricular optativo para consolidar la formación de grado en la Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias - UNC

Ponencia presentada en 1º Congreso Argentino de Agroecología. "Otra agricultura es posible: Cultivando interacciones para el mañana". Mendoza, Argentina, 18 al 20 de septiembre de 2019.Fil: Ferrer, Guillermo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Departamento de Desarrollo Rural; Argentina.Fil: Sánchez, Juan Vicente. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Departamento de Desarrollo Rural; Argentina.Fil: Arborno, Vilda Miryam. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Departamento de Desarrollo Rural; Argentina.Fil: Barrientos, Mario Alberto. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Departamento de Desarrollo Rural; Argentina.Fil: Cabanillas, Carmen. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Departamento de Desarrollo Rural; Argentina.Fil: Bergamín, Gerardo Antonio. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Departamento de Desarrollo Rural; Argentina.Fil: Bisio, Catalina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Departamento de Desarrollo Rural; Argentina.Fil: Cabrol, Diego Antonio. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Departamento de Desarrollo Rural; Argentina.Fil: Cecaci, Diego Iván. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Departamento de Desarrollo Rural; Argentina.Fil: Domenech, Roberto. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: Francavilla, Graciela. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Departamento de Desarrollo Rural; Argentina.Fil: Leguía, Héctor Luis. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; Argentina.Fil: Luque, Stella M. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Departamento de Desarrollo Rural; Argentina.Fil: Pietrarelli, Liliana Teresa. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Departamento de Desarrollo Rural; Argentina.Fil: Ryan, Silvia Laura. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Departamento de Desarrollo Rural; Argentina.Fil: Saal, Gabriel Alberto. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Departamento de Desarrollo Rural; Argentina.Fil: Silvetti, Felicitas M. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Departamento de Desarrollo Rural; Argentina.Fil: Soto, Gustavo S. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Departamento de Desarrollo Rural; Argentina.Un curso de grado optativo en agroecología se implementa en la Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias de la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Su objetivo es capacitar recursos humanos para la formulación y análisis de sistemas agroecológicos e implementar políticas de desarrollo territorial. En cinco cohortes han cursado 68 estudiantes y se elaboraron 27 TAI que están publicados en el repositorio de la UNC (https://rdu.unc.edu.ar/)Fil: Ferrer, Guillermo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Departamento de Desarrollo Rural; Argentina.Fil: Sánchez, Juan Vicente. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Departamento de Desarrollo Rural; Argentina.Fil: Arborno, Vilda Miryam. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Departamento de Desarrollo Rural; Argentina.Fil: Barrientos, Mario Alberto. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Departamento de Desarrollo Rural; Argentina.Fil: Cabanillas, Carmen. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Departamento de Desarrollo Rural; Argentina.Fil: Bergamín, Gerardo Antonio. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Departamento de Desarrollo Rural; Argentina.Fil: Bisio, Catalina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Departamento de Desarrollo Rural; Argentina.Fil: Cabrol, Diego Antonio. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Departamento de Desarrollo Rural; Argentina.Fil: Cecaci, Diego Iván. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Departamento de Desarrollo Rural; Argentina.Fil: Domenech, Roberto. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: Francavilla, Graciela. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Departamento de Desarrollo Rural; Argentina.Fil: Leguía, Héctor Luis. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; Argentina.Fil: Luque, Stella M. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Departamento de Desarrollo Rural; Argentina.Fil: Pietrarelli, Liliana Teresa. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Departamento de Desarrollo Rural; Argentina.Fil: Ryan, Silvia Laura. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Departamento de Desarrollo Rural; Argentina.Fil: Saal, Gabriel Alberto. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Departamento de Desarrollo Rural; Argentina.Fil: Silvetti, Felicitas M. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Departamento de Desarrollo Rural; Argentina.Fil: Soto, Gustavo S. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Departamento de Desarrollo Rural; Argentina

The Solar Particle Acceleration Radiation and Kinetics (SPARK) Mission Concept

© 2023by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY), https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Particle acceleration is a fundamental process arising in many astrophysical objects, including active galactic nuclei, black holes, neutron stars, gamma-ray bursts, accretion disks, solar and stellar coronae, and planetary magnetospheres. Its ubiquity means energetic particles permeate the Universe and influence the conditions for the emergence and continuation of life. In our solar system, the Sun is the most energetic particle accelerator, and its proximity makes it a unique laboratory in which to explore astrophysical particle acceleration. However, despite its importance, the physics underlying solar particle acceleration remain poorly understood. The SPARK mission will reveal new discoveries about particle acceleration through a uniquely powerful and complete combination of γ-ray, X-ray, and EUV imaging and spectroscopy at high spectral, spatial, and temporal resolutions. SPARK’s instruments will provide a step change in observational capability, enabling fundamental breakthroughs in our understanding of solar particle acceleration and the phenomena associated with it, such as the evolution of solar eruptive events. By providing essential diagnostics of the processes that drive the onset and evolution of solar flares and coronal mass ejections, SPARK will elucidate the underlying physics of space weather events that can damage satellites and power grids, disrupt telecommunications and GPS navigation, and endanger astronauts in space. The prediction of such events and the mitigation of their potential impacts are crucial in protecting our terrestrial and space-based infrastructure.Peer reviewe

The evolution of the ventilatory ratio is a prognostic factor in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 ARDS patients

Background: Mortality due to COVID-19 is high, especially in patients requiring mechanical ventilation. The purpose of the study is to investigate associations between mortality and variables measured during the first three days of mechanical ventilation in patients with COVID-19 intubated at ICU admission. Methods: Multicenter, observational, cohort study includes consecutive patients with COVID-19 admitted to 44 Spanish ICUs between February 25 and July 31, 2020, who required intubation at ICU admission and mechanical ventilation for more than three days. We collected demographic and clinical data prior to admission; information about clinical evolution at days 1 and 3 of mechanical ventilation; and outcomes. Results: Of the 2,095 patients with COVID-19 admitted to the ICU, 1,118 (53.3%) were intubated at day 1 and remained under mechanical ventilation at day three. From days 1 to 3, PaO2/FiO2 increased from 115.6 [80.0-171.2] to 180.0 [135.4-227.9] mmHg and the ventilatory ratio from 1.73 [1.33-2.25] to 1.96 [1.61-2.40]. In-hospital mortality was 38.7%. A higher increase between ICU admission and day 3 in the ventilatory ratio (OR 1.04 [CI 1.01-1.07], p = 0.030) and creatinine levels (OR 1.05 [CI 1.01-1.09], p = 0.005) and a lower increase in platelet counts (OR 0.96 [CI 0.93-1.00], p = 0.037) were independently associated with a higher risk of death. No association between mortality and the PaO2/FiO2 variation was observed (OR 0.99 [CI 0.95 to 1.02], p = 0.47). Conclusions: Higher ventilatory ratio and its increase at day 3 is associated with mortality in patients with COVID-19 receiving mechanical ventilation at ICU admission. No association was found in the PaO2/FiO2 variation

Clustering COVID-19 ARDS patients through the first days of ICU admission. An analysis of the CIBERESUCICOVID Cohort

Background Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) can be classified into sub-phenotypes according to different inflammatory/clinical status. Prognostic enrichment was achieved by grouping patients into hypoinflammatory or hyperinflammatory sub-phenotypes, even though the time of analysis may change the classification according to treatment response or disease evolution. We aimed to evaluate when patients can be clustered in more than 1 group, and how they may change the clustering of patients using data of baseline or day 3, and the prognosis of patients according to their evolution by changing or not the cluster.Methods Multicenter, observational prospective, and retrospective study of patients admitted due to ARDS related to COVID-19 infection in Spain. Patients were grouped according to a clustering mixed-type data algorithm (k-prototypes) using continuous and categorical readily available variables at baseline and day 3.Results Of 6205 patients, 3743 (60%) were included in the study. According to silhouette analysis, patients were grouped in two clusters. At baseline, 1402 (37%) patients were included in cluster 1 and 2341(63%) in cluster 2. On day 3, 1557(42%) patients were included in cluster 1 and 2086 (57%) in cluster 2. The patients included in cluster 2 were older and more frequently hypertensive and had a higher prevalence of shock, organ dysfunction, inflammatory biomarkers, and worst respiratory indexes at both time points. The 90-day mortality was higher in cluster 2 at both clustering processes (43.8% [n = 1025] versus 27.3% [n = 383] at baseline, and 49% [n = 1023] versus 20.6% [n = 321] on day 3). Four hundred and fifty-eight (33%) patients clustered in the first group were clustered in the second group on day 3. In contrast, 638 (27%) patients clustered in the second group were clustered in the first group on day 3.Conclusions During the first days, patients can be clustered into two groups and the process of clustering patients may change as they continue to evolve. This means that despite a vast majority of patients remaining in the same cluster, a minority reaching 33% of patients analyzed may be re-categorized into different clusters based on their progress. Such changes can significantly impact their prognosis