Estratificaciones cruzadas de gran escala en las calizas oólíticas de la formación Jabalcuz (Dogger). Dominio intermedio. Cordilleras Béticas

El descubrimiento de diversos niveles con estratificación cruzada de gran escala y alto angulo, de tipo planar, confirma la interpretación de las calizas de la formación Jabalcuz (Dogger; Dominio Intermedio, Zonas Externas de las cordilleras Béticas; sur de Jaén) como un depósito de plataforma somera. Las conclusiones sobre la evolución paleogeográfica del Dominio Intermedio durante el Jurásico, presentadas en Ruiz-Ortiz (1980), se ven asimismo fortalecidas. Para interpretar la somerización que representa la formación Jabalcuz en la evolución citada, se plantean dos hipótesis de trabajo alternativa

Aptian carbonate platform development in the Southern Iberian Palaeomargin (Prebetic of Alicante, SE Spain)

The Aptian stratigraphic record of the Alicante region consists of: a rudist and coral-rich carbonate platform of earliest Aptian age (Llopis Formation), with a discontinuous siliciclastic member at its top; followed by late Early, to Late Aptian hemipelagic marls and marlstones (Almadich Formation); and then by renewed carbonate platform development of Late Aptian to earliest Albian age (Seguilí Formation). In the Llopis Formation, SW-dipping, massive clinoform beds of bioclastic debris are succeeded by flat-lying platform-top beds. The latter show a cyclically regressive stacking of biofacies, with rudist-dominated floatstone in their lower parts passing upwards to finer-grained, more sparsely fossiliferous bed tops with burrow mottling. Caprinid rudists, with originally almost wholly aragonitic shells, dominate the external platform-top facies, while more internal facies contain a mix of monopleurid, polyconitid and requieniid rudists, all with relatively slightly thicker development of the calcitic outer shell layer, together with caprinids. Biostratigraphic and carbon-isotope data link the termination of the Llopis platform with the onset of OAE1a. The carbonate platform of the Seguilí Formation again contains tabular platform-top beds showing repeated cyclic regression, with dense rudist and/or chondrodont floatstones overlain by sparser floatstones with wackestone matrix and secondarily filled burrows. But caprinids are now absent, while requieniids and polyconitids, some of large size, as well as radiolitids, all with thickened calcitic outer shell layers, accompany the tubular monopleurid, Mathesia, together with a greater development of Chondrodonta biofacies. The same overall pattern of biotic turnover from the Early, to the Late Aptian is confirmed in other parts of Iberia and contiguous regions. Moreover, Iberian platforms of late Early Aptian age outside the present study area reveal a transitional phase with an increasing proportion of polyconitids in the outer platform-top to upper slope facies at the expense of caprinids. The siliciclastic influx at the top of the Llopis Formation implies a climatic shift from arid, to relatively more humid/pluvial conditions through the mid-Early Aptian, as seen in several other Iberian sections. This climatic change was probably forced by the intensified greenhouse conditions at the onset of OAE1a. By contrast with these Iberian platforms, caprinids continued to dominate the outer platform-top zones of some central to southern Tethyan platforms until the close of the Early Aptian. This broad palaeolatitudinal differentiation of rudist associations within the Tethyan belt implies a climatic influence, whether exerted through thermal modulation of seawater pH and/or aragonite saturation, variation in nutrient flux, or any combination of these

Progradational clinoforms in the Prebetic of Jaén. Late Albian – Earliest Cenomanian, Serrezuela de Pegalajar, Jaén. Palaegeographic significance

Progradational clinoforms of platform limestones of the Caliza de Jaén Formation in the Serrezuela de Pegalajar, Prebético de Jaén, sited just to the southeast of Jaén city are here described and a first broadly approach to its palaeogeographic significance is carried out. The mean direction of progradation is toward the W. The Caliza de Jaén Formation represents the installation of open platform facies over hemipelagic and turbidite deposits of the Early Cretaceous. Biostratigraphic data point out that the former progradation pulses occurred in the latest Albian, but it was during the earliest Cenomanian when the most important volume of platform carbonates was recorded. The significance of this new data is considered within the framework of the palaeogeographic reconstructions of the Southern Iberian paleomargi

Stratigraphy and chemostratigraphy of the Valanginian (pro parte) from Loma Solana, Sierra de Quípar (External Subbetic, Cehegín, Murcia)

The stratigraphy, biostratigraphy and geochemistry (C stable isotopes and RSTE trace elements) of a succession of Valanginian age outcropping in Loma Solana (External Subbetic) is presented. The succession is composed of two local sections, one cropping out to the west of Cehegín (Murcia) and another in the Garranchal gorge, to the SSW of this locality. The lithology consists of marl and marlstone rhythmically interbedded, which is typical of the Carretero Fm of the Subbetic. The ammonite zones and subzones of the middle- late early Valanginian and the complete late Valanginian, except for the lattermost part, have been identified, without any evidence of stratigraphic discontinuity between the two local sections. The δ13C curve show a similar shape to those of the same age obtained in other basins and the positive excursion of the δ13C characterizing the Weissert episode of environmental change (EECWeissert) has been identified. The RSTE, redox sensitive trace elements, analyzed do not show any particular increase as is typical of anoxic events and consequently conclude that anoxia due not exist in this part of the Subbetic basin during this EECSe presenta el estudio estratigráfico, bioestratigráfico y geoquímico de una sucesión del Valanginiense que aflora en Loma Solana (Subbético Externo). Se trata de una sección compuesta de dos secciones parciales, una de ellas levantada al oeste de Cehegín (Murcia) y la otra en el barranco del Garranchal, al SSO de dicha localidad. La litología,margas y margocalizas en alternancia rítmica, es la típica de la Fm. Carretero, a la que corresponde. Se identifican las zonas y subzonas de ammonites de la parte media-alta del Valanginiense inferior y de todo el Valanginiense superior, excepto la parte más terminal del mismo, sin que se haya denotado discontinuidad alguna entre una sección y otra. La curva de valores de δ13C muestra una forma similar a la obtenida en otras cuencas para la misma edad y en ella se puede identificar la excursión positiva del δ13C que caracteriza el episodioWeissert de cambio ambiental. Los elementos traza analizados, sensibles a cambios en las condiciones redox del medio sedimentario (elementos RSTE), no indican que hubiera condiciones anóxicas en el mismo durante este episodio de cambio ambienta

Adenoma paratiroideo. Reporte de un caso

Introducción: el adenoma paratiroideo es una lesión no cancerosa que en muchas ocasiones es identificada de manera incidental,  provocando así aumento de los niveles de parathormona (PTH), calcio y disminución del fosforo. Dentro de las funciones de esta hormona es regular los niveles de calcio, fosforo y vitamina D tanto en la sangre como en los huesos. La presentación clínica de dicha patología está caracterizada por incremento de los niveles de parathormona, hipercalcemia e hipofosfatemia. Reporte de caso: se presenta el caso de una paciente femenina de 55 años de edad, que acude a consulta refiriendo dolores musculares en manos y piernas, cansancio y debilidad. Debido a la baja incidencia de esta patología, se cree necesaria su publicación. Discusión: una de las afecciones que ocurre dentro del adenoma paratiroideo es el hiperparatiroidismo primario (HPP), y consecuentemente seguido de una hipercalcemia. El diagnóstico del HPP se establece por la presencia de hipercalcemia asociada a niveles inapropiadamente altos de PTH, siempre y cuando se hayan excluido antes los fármacos litio y tiazidas y la hipercalcemia hipocalciúrica familiar (calcio en orina bajo).  Finalmente, se decide si realizar una intervención quirúrgica o no. Conclusión: El método por el cual se puede hacer un correcto diagnóstico de adenoma paratiroideo es el ultrasonido. Luego de esto, para una intervención quirúrgica exitosa es necesario un vasto conocimiento de la anatomía de esta glándula. Sin embargo, se debe tener cuidado con los adenomas ectópicos, múltiples o alteraciones anatómicas, puesto que convierten a la cirugía en un resultado poco eficiente

New drilling of the early Aptian OAE1a : the Cau core (Prebetic Zone, south-eastern Spain)

The Cretaceous was punctuated by several episodes of accelerated global change, defined as Oceanic Anoxic Events (OAEs), that reflect abrupt changes in global carbon cycling. The Aptian Oceanic Anoxic Event (OAE1a; 120 Ma) represents an excellent example, recorded in all major ocean basins, and associated with massive burial of organic matter in marine sediments. The OAE1a is concomitant with the "nannoconid crisis", which is characterized by a major biotic turnover, and a widespread demise of carbonate platforms. Many studies have been published over the last decades on OAE1a's from different sections in the world, and provide a detailed C-isotope stratigraphy for the event. Nevertheless, new high-resolution studies across the event are essential to shed light on the precise timing and rates of the multiple environmental and biotic changes that occurred during this critical period of Earth history. <br><br> Here we present a new drill core recovering an Aptian section spanning the OAE1a in southern Spain. The so-called Cau section was drilled in the last quarter of 2015. The Cau section is located in the easternmost part of the Prebetic Zone (Betic Cordillera), which represents platform deposits of the southern Iberian palaeomargin. The lower Aptian deposits of the Cau section belong to a hemipelagic unit (Almadich Formation), deposited in a highly subsident sector of the distal parts of the Prebetic Platform. Previous work on the early Aptian of the Cau succession has focused on stratigraphy, bioevents, C-isotope stratigraphy, and organic and elemental geochemistry. A more recent study based on biomarkers has presented a detailed record of the <i>p</i>CO₂ evolution across the OAE1a (Naafs et al., 2016). All these studies reveal that the Cau section represents an excellent site to further investigate the OAE1a, based on its unusually high sedimentation rate and stratigraphic continuity, the quality and preservation of fossils, and the well-expressed geochemical signatures

Intensive care adult patients with severe respiratory failure caused by Influenza A (H1N1)v in Spain

Introduction: Patients with influenza A (H1N1)v infection have developed rapidly progressive lower respiratory tract disease resulting in respiratory failure. We describe the clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of the first 32 persons reported to be admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) due to influenza A (H1N1)v infection in Spain. Methods: We used medical chart reviews to collect data on ICU adult patients reported in a standardized form. Influenza A (H1N1)v infection was confirmed in specimens using real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction (RT PCR) assay. Results: Illness onset of the 32 patients occurred between 23 June and 31 July, 2009. The median age was 36 years (IQR = 31 - 52). Ten (31.2%) were obese, 2 (6.3%) pregnant and 16 (50%) had pre-existing medical complications. Twenty-nine (90.6%) had primary viral pneumonitis, 2 (6.3%) exacerbation of structural respiratory disease and 1 (3.1%) secondary bacterial pneumonia. Twenty-four patients (75.0%) developed multiorgan dysfunction, 7 (21.9%) received renal replacement techniques and 24 (75.0%) required mechanical ventilation. Six patients died within 28 days, with two additional late deaths. Oseltamivir administration delay ranged from 2 to 8 days after illness onset, 31.2% received high-dose (300 mg/day), and treatment duration ranged from 5 to 10 days (mean 8.0 +/- 3.3). Conclusions: Over a 5-week period, influenza A (H1N1)v infection led to ICU admission in 32 adult patients, with frequently observed severe hypoxemia and a relatively high case-fatality rate. Clinicians should be aware of pulmonary complications of influenza A (H1N1)v infection, particularly in pregnant and young obese but previously healthy persons

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London