Edentulismo e arco dental reduzido em idosos do Inquérito Nacional de Saúde Bucal 2003

OBJECTIVE: To describe the distribution of edentulism and estimate the prevalence of functional dentition and shortened dental arch among elderly population. METHODS: A population-based epidemiological study was carried out with a sample of 5,349 respondents aged 65 to 74 years obtained from the 2002 and 2003 Brazilian Ministry of Health/Division of Oral Health survey database. The following variables were studied: gender; macroregion of residence; missing teeth; percentage that met the World Health Organization goal for oral health in the age group 65 to 74 years (50% having at least 20 natural teeth); presence of shortened dental arch; number of posterior occluding pairs of teeth. The Chi-square test assessed the association between categorical variables. The Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used to assess differences of mean between number of posterior occluding pairs teeth, macro-region and gender. RESULTS: The elderly population had an average of 5.49 teeth (SD: 7.93) with a median of 0. The proportion of completely edentulous respondents was 54.7%. Complete edentulism was 18.2% in the upper arch and 1.9% in the lower arch. The World Health Organization goal was achieved in 10% of all respondents studied. However, only 2.7% had acceptable masticatory function and aesthetics (having at least shortened dental arch) and a mean number of posterior occluding pairs of 6.94 (SD=2.97). There were significant differences of the percentage of respondents that met the World Health Organization goal and presence of shortened dental arch between men and women. There were differences in shortened dental arch between macroregions. CONCLUSIONS: The Brazilian epidemiological oral health survey showed high rate of edentulism and low rate of shortened dental arch in the elderly population studied, thus suggesting significant functional and aesthetic impairment in all Brazilian macroregions especially among women.OBJETIVO: Describir la distribución de edentulismo y estimar la prevalencia de dentición funcional y arco dentario reducido en ancianos. MÉTODOS: Estudio epidemiológico poblacional con 5.349 individuos de 65 a 74 años del banco de datos de la pesquisa nacional de salud bucal del Ministerio de la Salud/Coordinación Nacional de Salud Bucal en 2002 y 2003. Se evaluaron pérdida dentaria; cumplimiento de la meta de la Organización Mundial de Salud para el grupo etario (50% con al menos 20 dientes); presencia de arco dental reducido, número de pares en oclusión posterior; sexo y macro-región de la residencia. La prueba de chi-cuadrado evaluó la asociación entre variables categóricas. Las pruebas Kruskal-Wallis y Mann-Whitney fueron usadas para determinar diferencias del número promedio de pares de dientes posteriores en oclusión, macro-región y sexo. RESULTADOS: Los ancianos tenían, en promedio, 5,49 dientes (DE= 7,93) (mediana =0). El porcentaje de individuos totalmente edéntulos fue de 54,7%. El edentulismo fue de 18,2% en el arco superior y 1,9% en el inferior. La meta de la Organización Mundial de la Salud fue alcanzada por 10% de los individuos, sin embargo, 2,7% tenían la función masticadora y estética aceptables (con al menos el arco dental reducido). Entre ellos, el número promedio de pares de oclusión posterior fue 6,94 (DE=2,97). La presencia de arco dental reducido fue más frecuente entre hombres, así como el alcance de la meta de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. También se observaron diferencias con relación al arco dental reducido entre las macro-regiones. CONCLUSIONES: El levantamiento epidemiológico de salud bucal brasileña presentó alto porcentaje de edentulismo y bajo arco dental reducido, sugiriendo el comprometimiento funcional y estético considerable en todas las regiones del país, especialmente entre mujeres.OBJETIVO: Descrever a distribuição de edentulismo e estimar a prevalência de dentição funcional e arco dentário reduzido entre idosos. MÉTODOS: Estudo epidemiológico populacional com 5.349 indivíduos de 65 a 74 anos do banco de dados do inquérito nacional de saúde bucal do Ministério da Saúde/Coordenação Nacional de Saúde Bucal em 2002 e 2003. Foram avaliados perda dentária; cumprimento à meta da Organização Mundial da Saúde para a faixa etária (50% com pelo menos 20 dentes); presença de arco dental reduzido, número de pares em oclusão posterior; sexo e macro-região da residência. O teste qui-quadrado avaliou a associação entre variáveis categóricas. Os testes Kruskal-Wallis e Mann-Whitney foram usados para determinar diferenças do número médio de pares de dentes posteriores em oclusão, macro-região e sexo. RESULTADOS: Os idosos tinham, em média, 5,49 dentes (DP = 7,93) (mediana = 0). A porcentagem de indivíduos totalmente edêntulos foi de 54,7%. O edentulismo foi de 18,2% no arco superior e 1,9% no inferior. A meta da Organização Mundial da Saúde foi alcançada por 10% dos indivíduos; no entanto, 2,7% tinham a função mastigatória e estética aceitáveis (com pelo menos o arco dental reduzido). Entre esses, o número médio de pares de oclusão posterior foi 6,94 (DP = 2,97). A presença de arco dental reduzido foi mais freqüente entre homens, assim como o alcance da meta da Organização Mundial da Saúde. Também se observaram diferenças quanto ao arco dental reduzido entre as macro-regiões. CONCLUSÕES: O levantamento epidemiológico de saúde bucal brasileira apresentou alto percentual de edentulismo e baixo de arco dental reduzido, sugerindo o comprometimento funcional e estético considerável em todas as regiões do País, especialmente entre mulheres

Edentulism and shortened dental arch in Brazilian elderly from the National Survey of Oral Health 2003

OBJECTIVE: To describe the distribution of edentulism and estimate the prevalence of functional dentition and shortened dental arch among elderly population. METHODS: A population-based epidemiological study was carried out with a sample of 5,349 respondents aged 65 to 74 years obtained from the 2002 and 2003 Brazilian Ministry of Health/Division of Oral Health survey database. The following variables were studied: gender; macroregion of residence; missing teeth; percentage that met the World Health Organization goal for oral health in the age group 65 to 74 years (50% having at least 20 natural teeth); presence of shortened dental arch; number of posterior occluding pairs of teeth. The Chi-square test assessed the association between categorical variables. The Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used to assess differences of mean between number of posterior occluding pairs teeth, macro-region and gender. RESULTS: The elderly population had an average of 5.49 teeth (SD: 7.93) with a median of 0. The proportion of completely edentulous respondents was 54.7%. Complete edentulism was 18.2% in the upper arch and 1.9% in the lower arch. The World Health Organization goal was achieved in 10% of all respondents studied. However, only 2.7% had acceptable masticatory function and aesthetics (having at least shortened dental arch) and a mean number of posterior occluding pairs of 6.94 (SD=2.97). There were significant differences of the percentage of respondents that met the World Health Organization goal and presence of shortened dental arch between men and women. There were differences in shortened dental arch between macroregions. CONCLUSIONS: The Brazilian epidemiological oral health survey showed high rate of edentulism and low rate of shortened dental arch in the elderly population studied, thus suggesting significant functional and aesthetic impairment in all Brazilian macroregions especially among women

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

Multi-strange baryon production in p–Pb collisions at √sNN = 5.02

The multi-strange baryon yields in Pb--Pb collisions have been shown to exhibit an enhancement relative to pp reactions. In this work, Ξ and Ω production rates have been measured with the ALICE experiment as a function of transverse momentum, pT, in p-Pb collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of sNN−−−√ = 5.02 TeV. The results cover the kinematic ranges 0.6 GeV/c<pT<7.2 GeV/c and 0.8 GeV/c<pT< 5 GeV/c, for Ξ and Ω respectively, in the common rapidity interval -0.5 <yCMS< 0. Multi-strange baryons have been identified by reconstructing their weak decays into charged particles. The pT spectra are analysed as a function of event charged-particle multiplicity, which in p-Pb collisions ranges over one order of magnitude and lies between those observed in pp and Pb-Pb collisions. The measured pT distributions are compared to the expectations from a Blast-Wave model. The parameters which describe the production of lighter hadron species also describe the hyperon spectra in high multiplicity p-Pb. The yield of hyperons relative to charged pions is studied and compared with results from pp and Pb-Pb collisions. A statistical model is employed, which describes the change in the ratios with volume using a canonical suppression mechanism, in which the small volume causes a species-dependent relative reduction of hadron production. The calculations, in which the magnitude of the effect depends on the strangeness content, show good qualitative agreement with the data

Measurement of D-meson production versus multiplicity in p–Pb collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV

The measurement of prompt D-meson production as a function of multiplicity in p-Pb collisions at sNN−−−√=5.02 TeV with the ALICE detector at the LHC is reported. D0, D+ and D∗+ mesons are reconstructed via their hadronic decay channels in the centre-of-mass rapidity range −0.96<ycms<0.04 and transverse momentum interval 1<pT<24 GeV/c. The multiplicity dependence of D-meson production is examined by either comparing yields in p-Pb collisions in different event classes, selected based on the multiplicity of produced particles or zero-degree energy, with those in pp collisions, scaled by the number of binary nucleon-nucleon collisions (nuclear modification factor); as well as by evaluating the per-event yields in p-Pb collisions in different multiplicity intervals normalised to the multiplicity-integrated ones (relative yields). The nuclear modification factors for D0, D+ and D∗+ are consistent with one another. The D-meson nuclear modification factors as a function of the zero-degree energy are consistent with unity within uncertainties in the measured pT regions and event classes. The relative D-meson yields, calculated in various pT intervals, increase as a function of the charged-particle multiplicity. The results are compared with the equivalent pp measurements at s√=7 TeV as well as with EPOS~3 calculations

Multipion Bose-Einstein correlations in pp, p-Pb, and Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC

Three- and four-pion Bose-Einstein correlations are presented in pp, p-Pb, and Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC. We compare our measured four-pion correlations to the expectation derived from two- and three-pion measurements. Such a comparison provides a method to search for coherent pion emission. We also present mixed-charge correlations in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of several analysis procedures such as Coulomb corrections. Same-charge four-pion correlations in pp and p-Pb appear consistent with the expectations from three-pion measurements. However, the presence of non-negligible background correlations in both systems prevent a conclusive statement. In Pb-Pb collisions, we observe a significant suppression of three- and four-pion Bose-Einstein correlations compared to expectations from two-pion measurements. There appears to be no centrality dependence of the suppression within the 0-50% centrality interval. The origin of the suppression is not clear. However, by postulating either coherent pion emission or large multibody Coulomb effects, the suppression may be explained

Constraining the magnitude of the Chiral Magnetic Effect with Event Shape Engineering in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 2.76$ TeV

In ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions, the event-by-event variation of the elliptic flow $v_2$ reflects fluctuations in the shape of the initial state of the system. This allows to select events with the same centrality but different initial geometry. This selection technique, Event Shape Engineering, has been used in the analysis of charge-dependent two- and three-particle correlations in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{\rm NN}}} =2.76$ TeV. The two-particle correlator $\langle \cos(\varphi_\alpha - \varphi_\beta) \rangle$, calculated for different combinations of charges $\alpha$ and $\beta$, is almost independent of $v_2$ (for a given centrality), while the three-particle correlator $\langle \cos(\varphi_\alpha + \varphi_\beta - 2\Psi_2) \rangle$ scales almost linearly both with the event $v_2$ and charged-particle pseudorapidity density. The charge dependence of the three-particle correlator is often interpreted as evidence for the Chiral Magnetic Effect (CME), a parity violating effect of the strong interaction. However, its measured dependence on $v_2$ points to a large non-CME contribution to the correlator. Comparing the results with Monte Carlo calculations including a magnetic field due to the spectators, the upper limit of the CME signal contribution to the three-particle correlator in the 10-50% centrality interval is found to be 26-33% at 95% confidence level

Constraining the magnitude of the chiral magnetic effect with event shape engineering in Pb–Pb collisions at √sNN=2.76 TeV

In ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions, the event-by-event variation of the elliptic flow v2 reflects fluctuations in the shape of the initial state of the system. This allows to select events with the same centrality but different initial geometry. This selection technique, Event Shape Engineering, has been used in the analysis of charge-dependent two- and three-particle correlations in Pb–Pb collisions at √sNN=2.76 TeV. The two-particle correlator 〈cos⁡(φα−φβ)〉, calculated for different combinations of charges α and β, is almost independent of v2 (for a given centrality), while the three-particle correlator 〈cos⁡(φα+φβ−2Ψ2)〉 scales almost linearly both with the event v2 and charged-particle pseudorapidity density. The charge dependence of the three-particle correlator is often interpreted as evidence for the Chiral Magnetic Effect (CME), a parity violating effect of the strong interaction. However, its measured dependence on v2 points to a large non-CME contribution to the correlator. Comparing the results with Monte Carlo calculations including a magnetic field due to the spectators, the upper limit of the CME signal contribution to the three-particle correlator in the 10–50% centrality interval is found to be 26–33% at 95% confidence level