776 research outputs found
Convection displacement current and alternative form of Maxwell-Lorentz equations
Some mathematical inconsistencies in the conventional form of Maxwell's
equations extended by Lorentz for a single charge system are discussed. To
surmount these in framework of Maxwellian theory, a novel convection
displacement current is considered as additional and complementary to the
famous Maxwell displacement current. It is shown that this form of the
Maxwell-Lorentz equations is similar to that proposed by Hertz for
electrodynamics of bodies in motion. Original Maxwell's equations can be
considered as a valid approximation for a continuous and closed (or going to
infinity) conduction current. It is also proved that our novel form of the
Maxwell-Lorentz equations is relativistically invariant. In particular, a
relativistically invariant gauge for quasistatic fields has been found to
replace the non-invariant Coulomb gauge. The new gauge condition contains the
famous relationship between electric and magnetic potentials for one uniformly
moving charge that is usually attributed to the Lorentz transformations. Thus,
for the first time, using the convection displacement current, a physical
interpretation is given to the relationship between the components of the
four-vector of quasistatic potentials. A rigorous application of the new gauge
transformation with the Lorentz gauge transforms the basic field equations into
an independent pair of differential equations responsible for longitudinal and
transverse fields, respectively. The longitudinal components can be interpreted
exclusively from the standpoint of the instantaneous "action at a distance"
concept and leads to necessary conceptual revision of the conventional
Faraday-Maxwell field. The concept of electrodynamic dualism is proposed for
self-consistent classical electrodynamics. It implies simultaneous coexistenceComment: ReVTeX file, 29pp., no figure
Action at a distance as a full-value solution of Maxwell equations: basis and application of separated potential's method
The inadequacy of Li\'{e}nard-Wiechert potentials is demonstrated as one of
the examples related to the inconsistency of the conventional classical
electrodynamics. The insufficiency of the Faraday-Maxwell concept to describe
the whole electromagnetic phenomena and the incompleteness of a set of
solutions of Maxwell equations are discussed and mathematically proved. Reasons
of the introduction of the so-called ``electrodynamics dualism concept"
(simultaneous coexistence of instantaneous Newton long-range and
Faraday-Maxwell short-range interactions) have been displayed. It is strictly
shown that the new concept presents itself as the direct consequence of the
complete set of Maxwell equations and makes it possible to consider classical
electrodynamics as a self-consistent and complete theory, devoid of inward
contradictions. In the framework of the new approach, all main concepts of
classical electrodynamics are reconsidered. In particular, a limited class of
motion is revealed when accelerated charges do not radiate electromagnetic
field.Comment: ReVTeX file, 24pp. Small corrections which do not have influence
results of the paper. Journal reference is adde
Cation binding to 15-TBA quadruplex DNA is a multiple-pathway cation-dependent process
A combination of explicit solvent molecular dynamics simulation (30 simulations reaching 4 µs in total), hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics approach and isothermal titration calorimetry was used to investigate the atomistic picture of ion binding to 15-mer thrombin-binding quadruplex DNA (G-DNA) aptamer. Binding of ions to G-DNA is complex multiple pathway process, which is strongly affected by the type of the cation. The individual ion-binding events are substantially modulated by the connecting loops of the aptamer, which play several roles. They stabilize the molecule during time periods when the bound ions are not present, they modulate the route of the ion into the stem and they also stabilize the internal ions by closing the gates through which the ions enter the quadruplex. Using our extensive simulations, we for the first time observed full spontaneous exchange of internal cation between quadruplex molecule and bulk solvent at atomistic resolution. The simulation suggests that expulsion of the internally bound ion is correlated with initial binding of the incoming ion. The incoming ion then readily replaces the bound ion while minimizing any destabilization of the solute molecule during the exchange
Production of He-4 and (4) in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S=2.76 TeV at the LHC
Results on the production of He-4 and (4) nuclei in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S = 2.76 TeV in the rapidity range vertical bar y vertical bar <1, using the ALICE detector, are presented in this paper. The rapidity densities corresponding to 0-10% central events are found to be dN/dy4(He) = (0.8 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.3 (syst)) x 10(-6) and dN/dy4 = (1.1 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.2 (syst)) x 10(-6), respectively. This is in agreement with the statistical thermal model expectation assuming the same chemical freeze-out temperature (T-chem = 156 MeV) as for light hadrons. The measured ratio of (4)/He-4 is 1.4 +/- 0.8 (stat) +/- 0.5 (syst). (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe
Reply to ‘‘Comment on ‘Action at a distance as a full-value solution of Maxwell equations: The basis and application of the separated-potentials method’ ’’
The preceding Comment criticized the necessity of introducing an electrodynamics dualism concept based
on a novel complete solution of Maxwell’s equations proposed in our previous paper @Phys. Rev. E 53, 5373
~1996!#. All arguments made by the authors of the Comment to demonstrate the adequacy of the usual
Lie´nard-Wiechert retarded solutions for a consistent description of electromagnetic phenomena are shown to be
invalid beyond the context of boundary conditions for the inhomogeneous D’Alembert equation. From a
reinterpretation of Villecco’s work @Phys. Rev. E 48, 4008 ~1993!# we concluded that it cannot be applied
directly to refute our results and, in contrast to the opinion of the authors of the Comment, it can be used
instead to support our claims of mathematical deficiency and inadequacy of Lie´nard-Wiechert retarded solutions.
@S1063-651X~98!12402-9
Real time quantification of Monte Carlo steps for different time scales
Time quantification of Monte Carlo steps is studied by the implementation of a new technique which takes into account the realistic size of thermal fluctuations of magnetization along with Landauâ Lifshitzâ Gilbert dynamic correlations. The computational model has been specifically developed for an ensemble of isolated single-domain particles. The numerical results have been compared with Langevin dynamics calculations and theoretically predicted Brown's asymptotes for relaxation time of single spin system. In addition we demonstrated that real time quantification of Monte Carlo steps is also possible for different time scales. Implementation of real time scales into Monte Carlo calculations for different sizes of time steps is shown to be convergent to the expected value if the Monte Carlo acceptance rate is taken into account
Multiplicity dependence of light (anti-)nuclei production in p–Pb collisions at sNN=5.02 TeV
The measurement of the deuteron and anti-deuteron production in the rapidity range −1 < y < 0 as a function of transverse momentum and event multiplicity in p–Pb collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV is presented. (Anti-)deuterons are identified via their specific energy loss dE/dx and via their time-of- flight. Their production in p–Pb collisions is compared to pp and Pb–Pb collisions and is discussed within the context of thermal and coalescence models. The ratio of integrated yields of deuterons to protons (d/p) shows a significant increase as a function of the charged-particle multiplicity of the event starting from values similar to those observed in pp collisions at low multiplicities and approaching those observed in Pb–Pb collisions at high multiplicities. The mean transverse particle momenta are extracted from the deuteron spectra and the values are similar to those obtained for p and particles. Thus, deuteron spectra do not follow mass ordering. This behaviour is in contrast to the trend observed for non-composite particles in p–Pb collisions. In addition, the production of the rare 3He and 3He nuclei has been studied. The spectrum corresponding to all non-single diffractive p-Pb collisions is obtained in the rapidity window −1 < y < 0 and the pT-integrated yield dN/dy is extracted. It is found that the yields of protons, deuterons, and 3He, normalised by the spin degeneracy factor, follow an exponential decrease with mass number
- …