Blendas de PEAD virgem e pós-consumo com diferentes teores de SBS processadas em extrusora dupla-rosca/ Virgin and post-consumer HDPE blends with different SBS contents processed in a twin-screw extruder

A vasta aplicação do polietileno de alta densidade (PEAD), principalmente no setor de embalagens, confere ao PEAD o lugar entre os plásticos mais produzidos e consumidos no mercado mundial. Devido ao grande descarte e geração de resíduos de PEAD, a importância da reciclagem cresce. A utilização do PEAD pós-consumo (PEADPC) em blendas é uma saída para a diminuição do descarte no meio ambiente. Neste trabalho foram preparadas blendas de PEADPC e copolímero de estireno-butadieno-estireno (SBS) em diferentes teores. Também foram preparadas blendas com o PEADv (PEAD virgem) a título apenas de comparação. O PEADPC foi coletado seletivamente e beneficiado através de lavagem, secagem e moagem do mesmo. O PEADv e o SBS foram utilizados como recebido. As blendas foram preparadas em extrusora dupla-rosca co-rotatória. Os teores de SBS variaram de 0 a 40% em massa. Os corpos de prova foram obtidos por compressão e caracterizados por ensaios físico-mecânicos (ensaios de densidade, índice de fluidez - MFI, dureza Shore D) e morfológico. As blendas obtidas tanto com o polímero virgem quanto com o pós-consumo não apresentaram variações consideráveis nos valores de densidade e de dureza. Para as blendas com o PEADv foi observada uma diminuição do MFI com o aumento do teor de SBS. A presença do elastômero promove um aumento da viscosidade do material e consequentemente uma redução no índice de fluidez. Já para as misturas obtidas com o PEADPC foi verificado um aumento do índice de fluidez com o aumento do teor de elastômero nas blendas. A presença de plastificantes no polímero pós-consumo provavelmente facilita a fluidez das blendas. A análise de MEV da blenda PEADv/SBS20 demonstra que não ocorreu adesão entre as fases, porém apresentou uma maior dispersão do elastômero quando comparada com a blenda PEADPC/SBS2

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Photography-based taxonomy is inadequate, unnecessary, and potentially harmful for biological sciences

The question whether taxonomic descriptions naming new animal species without type specimen(s) deposited in collections should be accepted for publication by scientific journals and allowed by the Code has already been discussed in Zootaxa (Dubois & Nemésio 2007; Donegan 2008, 2009; Nemésio 2009a–b; Dubois 2009; Gentile & Snell 2009; Minelli 2009; Cianferoni & Bartolozzi 2016; Amorim et al. 2016). This question was again raised in a letter supported by 35 signatories published in the journal Nature (Pape et al. 2016) on 15 September 2016. On 25 September 2016, the following rebuttal (strictly limited to 300 words as per the editorial rules of Nature) was submitted to Nature, which on 18 October 2016 refused to publish it. As we think this problem is a very important one for zoological taxonomy, this text is published here exactly as submitted to Nature, followed by the list of the 493 taxonomists and collection-based researchers who signed it in the short time span from 20 September to 6 October 2016

A922 Sequential measurement of 1 hour creatinine clearance (1-CRCL) in critically ill patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)

Meeting abstrac

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Negligible effects of nutraceuticals from beetroot extract on cardiovascular and autonomic recovery response following submaximal aerobic exercise in physically active healthy males : a randomized trial

Background: There is little evidence that nutraceuticals from beetroot extract are beneficial with regards to recovery of the cardiovascular parameters and the autonomic nervous system (ANS) after submaximal aerobic exercise, though this formulation is employed widely for this purpose. Objective: To study the effects of beetroot extract supplementation on the recovery of cardiorespiratory and autonomic parameters after a session of submaximal aerobic exercise. Methods: Sixteen healthy male adults commenced a cross-over, randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled trial. Beetroot extract (600 mg) or placebo (600 mg) were ingested 120 min prior to evaluation on randomized days. We assessed systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), pulse pressure (PP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR) and HR variability (HRV) indexes at Rest and during 60 min of recovery from submaximal aerobic exercise. Results: Beetroot extract ingestion slightly accelerated HR, SBP, DBP and MAP reduction following exercise associated to the placebo protocol (vs. rest). Yet no group effect (p = 0.99) was identified between the beetroot and placebo protocols on HR mean, in addition to interaction (group vs. time) (p = 0.60). No group effect was attained between the SBP (p = 0.90), DBP (p = 0.88), MAP (p = 0.73) and PP (p = 0.99) protocols and no significant differences (group vs. time) were observed between the values of SBP (p = 0.75), DBP (p = 0.79), MAP (p = 0.93) and PP (p = 0.63) between placebo and beetroot protocols. Similarly, the reoccurrence of cardiac vagal modulation after exercise via the HF (ms2) was enhanced, but not with regards to the RMSSD index. No group effect (p = 0.99) was identified for the HF (p = 0.90) and RMSSD (p = 0.67) indices. Likewise, we observed no significant differences (group vs. time) amongst the values of HF (p = 0.69) and RMSSD (p = 0.95) between the placebo and beetroot protocols. Conclusion: Whilst beetroot extract might assist the recovery of the cardiovascular and autonomic systems following submaximal aerobic exercise in healthy males, these results seem insignificant owing to minor differences between interventions and are weak clinically

América Latina interdisciplinar e plural: Territórios liminares: violências, direitos e sensibilidades

Coleção 'América Latina Interdisciplinar e Plural' contempla trabalhos de discentes, docentes, egressos(as) e convidados(as) externos(as) do Programa de Pós-Graduação Interdisciplinar em Estudos Latino-Americanos (PPGIELA) da Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana (UNILA).Livro financiado com recursos do PROAP-UNILA

Desenvolvimento inicial e estado nutricional de clones de eucalipto no nordeste do Pará Initial growth and nutritional status of Eucalyptus clones in northeast of Para State

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o desenvolvimento inicial, nutrição e fertilidade do solo em plantio de clones de eucalipto no nordeste do Pará. Os tratamentos constaram de cinco clones (Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla - 03 e 09, E. urophylla x E. camaldulensis - 32, E. grandis x E. pellita - 07 e E. camaldulensis - 11), dispostos em delineamento de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. Cinco meses após plantio foram avaliadas a altura e sobrevivência das plantas. Aos 18 meses, além dessas variáveis, foram avaliados o diâmetro à altura do peito (DAP), a fertilidade do solo (profundidades 0-10 e 10-20 cm) e os nutrientes foliares. A altura e o DAP das árvores não variaram entre clones nas épocas de avaliação. Houve diferença na porcentagem de sobrevivência apenas aos 18 meses, sendo do clone 07 a menor média apresentada. Na camada de 0-10 cm foram observados os menores valores de K trocável no solo sob os clones 09 e 07, nas parcelas deste último foram observado também a menor CTC. Na camada de 10-20 cm, o menor valor de N no solo esteve sob o clone 32, enquanto que o K e Ca trocáveis foram encontrados em maiores quantidades sob o clone 03. De maneira geral, foram observadas as maiores concentrações de todos os nutrientes, com exceção do N, nas folhas dos clones 11 e 32. Desta forma, os clones apresentaram respostas nutricionais diferentes na área de estudo, assim como o solo sob cada material genético apresentou valores variados de fertilidade. Essas variações, entretanto, pouco foram observadas no desenvolvimento inicial das árvores.<br>The objective of this research was to determine the initial growth, nutrition and soil fertility of Eucalyptus plantation in Moju, northeast city of Para State, Brazil. The treatments used were five clones (Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla - 03 e 09, E. urophylla x E. camaldulensis - 32, E. grandis x E. pellita - 07 e E. camaldulensis - 11), organized in a randomized blocks design with four replications. Five months after planting, the height and survival percentage of plants were measured. At 18 months, besides these variables, diameter, soil fertility at the 0-10 and 10-20 cm depth and plant mineral nutrition were evaluated. The height and diameter did not vary among clones at evaluated times. There was difference in survival percentage just at 18 months, when the 07 clone showed the lower average. At the 0-10 cm soil depth, the lowest K exchangeable was observed under the 09 and 07 clones, the clone 07 also presented the lowest soil CEC. In 10-20 cm depth, the lowest value of N was observed in 32 clone, while the K and Ca were observed in highest levels in 03 clone. In general, higher macro and micronutrients leaves contents were found in the 11 and 32 clones, exception N. The clones presented different nutritional responses over the researched area, as well as the soil fertility under each clone presented varied values. Such variations, however, were little observed in the tree initial growth