Fruit yield and quality of olives under different deficit irrigation strategies

The Mediterranean Basin is a climate change hot spot where substantial warming and lower water availability is predicted. This scenario poses considerable challenges to olive groves, a crop with great ecological and socioeconomic importance. ln order to overcome these constrains, new cropping practices focusing on water use efficiency must be investigated. ln this work we aimed to investigate water management practices that can ensure the adequate compromise between yield and the quality of olive products. The study was conducted in Quinta do Prado, Lodões, Vila Flor (41 °20'13.3"N, 7°05'54.2"W) and a full irrigation (FI) control, applied daily, equivalent to 100% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc), was compared with three deficit irrigation strategies (DIS): regulated deficit irrigation (RDI; 80% of ETc in phases I and III of fruit growth and 10% of ETc in pit hardening stage, phase TI; 56 % of the ETc in all season), sustained deficit irrigation (SDI; 27.5% of ETc), and sustained deficit irrigation adopted by the farmer (SDIAF; 21.2% of ETc, applied weekly). The impact of treatments on fruit yield and quality during 2016 were evaluated. Using FI treatment as reference, no significant influence of RDI and SDI treatments were felt in crop yield, while the SDlAF treatment reduced it significantly (P<O.Ol ). Fruit quality analysis showed that the SDI treatment Ied to higher antioxidant activity than in FI and SDIAF treatments. However, the SDIAF strategy led to higher accumulation of both total phenols and flavonoids (P<O.Ol ). The fruit fat content was significantly higher in deficit irrigation treatments, when compared to the FI treatment. lrrigation treatments also induced changes in fruit fatty acids profile (P<O.OOl) since palmitoleic acid (C16:1) decreased in the deficit irrigation treatments, linoleic acid (Cl8:2) decreased in the SDIAF treatment, and linolenic acid (C18:3) decreased in RDI and SDI treatments. Except for SDIAF, despite the great disparity in the amount of water used among treatments, there were no significant differences in fruit production. Hence, with an increase of 30% in water consumption, changing from the SDlAF to the SDl treatment, this particular farmer can increase the orchard production, without losing fruit fat content and antioxidant capacity. This work gives new insights about the effect of DlS when used in olive orchards and might help to illustrate the sustainability of these management practices.To Anabela Fernandes-Silva for the calculation of ETc. This work was funded by the INTERACT project- "Integrati ve Research in Environment, Agm·Chaius and Technology", no. NORTE-01-0 145 -FEDER-000017, in its lines of research entitled TS AC, co-financied by the European Regional Devdopment Fund (ERDF) through NORTE 2020 (North Regional Operational Program 201412020). SM (PD/BD/135327/2017), EM (PD/BD/128274/2017), CB (PD/BD/52543/2014), LR (PD/BD/113612/2015) and lP (PD/BD/113611/2015) acknowledge the financial support provided by the FCT-Portut,'Uese Fow1dation for Scienco and Technology, underthe Doctoral Programm Agricultural Production Chains- from fork to farm" (PD/00122/2012)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Deficit irrigation strategies in olive orchards: influence on fruit quality

In order to overcome constrains that affect olive groves and its socioeconomic value, new cropping practices focusing on water use efficiency were investigated. The study was conducted in Northeast Portugal and different deficit irrigation strategies (DIS) were investigated: regulated (RDI, 10% ETc during pit hardening and 80% ETc in the remaining stages), sustained (SDI, 27.5% ETc), sustained usually applied by farmer (SDIAF, 21.2% ETc) and fully irrigated (FI, 100% ETc), as control treatment. The fruit metabolites fluctuations and quality parameters were evaluated. Using FI as reference, DIS treatments led to changes in the secondary metabolism in fruits with increased total phenolic compounds (+11% in SDIAF), ortho-diphenols (+25 in SDI and +44% in SDIAF), and flavonoids (+29% in RDI, +26% in SDI, +91% in SDIAF) concentrations, and higher total antioxidant capacity (+41% in SDI). DIS treatments influenced the profile of olive fruit phenolics with changes in oleuropein (-55% in SDIAF), chlorogenic acid and quercetin-3,4‟-di-O-glucoside (non-detected in FI), eriodictyol-7-O-glucoside (+64% in RDI and +95% in SDI), and procyanidin A2 (+59% in RDI and -59% in SDIAF). Olive fruits from DIS treatments also showed higher fat content (22, 29 and 24 % in RDI, SDI and SDIAF, respectively). Fruits from RDI and SDI presented lower palmitoleic and linolenic acids, while no significant differences were observed in the concentrations of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. When subject to a puncture test in a texture analyser, all DIS fruits presented higher peel break force than FI control. This work show that DIS are essential for sustainable olive growing, as they do not compromise the competitiveness of the sector in terms of olive production and associated quality parameters.This work was funded by the INTERACT project – “Integrative Research in Environment, Agro- Chains and Technology”, no. NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000017, in its line of research entitled ISAC, co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through NORTE 2020 (North Regional Operational Program 2014/2020).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Levantamento florístico de trepadeiras em um remanescente florestal de Cerrado, no município de Caxias, Maranhão, Brasil

Climbing plants mainly make up tropical forests and are fundamental in the dynamics of plant communities. At the edges of the fragments, they help to minimize the effect of winds on tree individuals and help to maintain local shading and microclimate. In this study we characterized this synusia in a remnant of the Cerrado Maranhense Forest and produced an identification key and photographic plates to assist in the identification of these plants. The floristic survey was carried out during the year 2018 to 2021, with random collections, through walks on the edges and inside the vegetation. We sampled 34 species distributed in 13 families and 28 genera. The most representative families were: Bignoniaceae (6 species) and Convolvulaceae (6). As for the consistency of the branches, 21 (62%) species of vines cataloged were herbaceous and 13 (38%) species were woody. As for the climbing mechanism of the cataloged species, the volatile mechanism was the most representative with 53% (18 species), followed by prehensile with tendrils with 45% (15 species) and only one species presented the climbing mechanism (2%). The knowledge and characterization of climbing plants is very important for the local and regional flora of forest remnants, as they support strategies for the maintenance and conservation of these remnants, especially those found in the Cerrado Maranhense.Las plantas trepadoras componen principalmente los bosques tropicales y son fundamentales en la dinámica de las comunidades vegetales. En los bordes de los fragmentos, ayudan a minimizar el efecto de los vientos sobre los individuos de los árboles y ayudan a mantener la sombra y el microclima locales. En este estudio caracterizamos esta sinusia en un remanente del Bosque Cerrado Maranhense y producimos una clave de identificación y placas fotográficas para ayudar en la identificación de estas plantas. El relevamiento florístico se realizó durante el año 2018 al 2021, con colectas aleatorias, mediante recorridos en los bordes y en el interior de la vegetación. Muestreamos 34 especies distribuidas en 13 familias y 28 géneros. Las familias más representativas fueron: Bignoniaceae (6 especies) y Convolvulaceae (6). En cuanto a la consistencia de las ramas, 21 (62%) especies de vides catalogadas fueron herbáceas y 13 (38%) especies leñosas. En cuanto al mecanismo trepador de las especies catalogadas, el mecanismo volátil fue el más representativo con un 53% (18 especies), seguido del prensil con zarcillos con un 45% (15 especies) y solo una especie presentó el mecanismo trepador (2%). El conocimiento y caracterización de las plantas trepadoras es muy importante para la flora local y regional de los remanentes de bosques, ya que apoyan estrategias para el mantenimiento y conservación de estos remanentes, especialmente los que se encuentran en el Cerrado Maranhense.As plantas trepadeiras compõem principalmente as florestas tropicais e são fundamentais na dinâmica das comunidades vegetais. Nas bordas dos fragmentos, contribuem para minimizar o efeito dos ventos nos indivíduos arbóreos e auxilia na manutenção do sombreamento e microclima locais. Neste estudo caracterizamos esta sinúsia em um remanescente de Floresta do Cerrado Maranhense e produzimos uma chave de identificação e pranchas fotográficas para auxiliar na identificação destas plantas. O levantamento florístico foi realizado durante o ano de 2018 a 2021, com coletas aleatórias, por meio de caminhadas nas bordas e no interior da vegetação. Amostramos 34 espécies distribuídas em 13 famílias e 28 gêneros. As famílias mais representativas foram: Bignoniaceae (6 espécies) e Convolvulaceae (6). Quanto à consistência dos ramos verificou-se que das espécies de trepadeiras catalogadas 21 (62%) espécies são herbáceas e 13 (38%) espécies são lenhosas. Já para o mecanismo de escalada das espécies catalogadas o mecanismo volúvel foi o mais representativo com 53% (18 espécies), seguido por preênsil com gavinha com 45% (15 espécies) e apenas uma espécie apresentou o mecanismo escandente (2%). O conhecimento e caracterização das plantas trepadeira é muito importante para a flora local e regional dos remanescentes florestais, pois subsidiam estratégias para a manutenção e conservação desses remanescentes, em especial dos que se encontram no Cerrado Maranhense

Altura, diâmetro e Número de Colmos de variedades de cana-de-açúcar não são influenciados por adubação potássica: Height, diameter and Number of Canes of sugarcane varieties are not influenced by potassium fertilization

A cana-de-açúcar possui grande importância econômica para o Estado de Pernambuco por ser matéria prima para produção de açúcar e álcool. Vários fatores afetam os seus parâmetros morfológicos (altura, diâmetro e número de colmos). Dentre esses, a fertilidade do solo possui papel de destaque, em especial, para os teores de potássio (K). O potássio é o nutriente exigido em maiores quantidades pela cana-de-açúcar. Essa pesquisa teve por objetivo avaliar a aplicação de doses de K sobre as características morfológicas de duas variedades de cana-de-açúcar cultivadas em sistema de sequeiro. O trabalho foi realizado na Estação Experimental de Cana-de-Açúcar do Carpina (EECAC/UFRPE). O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso em arranjo fatorial 6x2. Utilizou-se duas variedades de cana (RB 92579 e RB 962962) e seis doses de K2O (0, 25, 50, 100, 200 e 250 kg ha-1), na forma de KCl. As doses de K e a interação Dose x Variedade não influenciaram as características morfológicas de ambas as variedades (p&gt;0,01). Houve efeito significativo (p&lt;0,01) entre as variedades para as características morfológicas. A variedade RB962962 apresentou maior média de altura (234,46 cm) e menor média de número de plantas (72,62 plantas/5 m) em relação a variedade RB92579 (198,08 cm e 86,58 plantas/5 m). A adubação potássica não promoveu efeitos significativos nas variedades de cana-de-açúcar nas condições avaliadas. Contudo, diferenças entre as variedades foram observadas. A adubação potássica não é recomendada em solos com teores iguais ou superiores a 0,24 cmolc dm-3

Teor de macro e micronutrientes em variedades de cana-de-açúcar sob adubação potássica: Nutrient content in sugarcane varieties under potassium fertilization

Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito de doses de K2O sobre a nutrição (teores de nitrogênio, fósforo, potássio, cálcio, magnésio, enxofre, cobre, zinco, ferro e manganês) na cana-de-açúcar em cultivo de sequeiro. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao caso em arranjo fatorial (6x2) com 4 repetições, sendo seis doses de K2O (0, 25, 50, 100, 200 e 250 kg ha-1) e duas variedades de cana-de-açúcar (RB92579 e RB962962). A aplicação das doses de K2O não promoveu efeito significativo sobre a nutrição das variedades de cana. A variedade RB92579 apresentou maiores teores de nitrogênio, potássio e zinco, enquanto que a RB962962 apresentou maiores teores de magnésio e manganês. A aplicação de fertilizantes potássicos não é aconselhada em ambientes com alto teor de potássio trocável no solo, acima de 0,24 cmolc dm-3, pois não resulta em melhoria do estado nutricional na cana-de-açúcar

EFEITO ANTIBACTERIANO E ANTIFÚNGICO DE EXTRATOS ETANÓLICO, HEXÂNICO E METANÓLICO A PARTIR DE FOLHAS DE Kalanchoe pinnata (LAM.) PERS (Malva corama) CONTRA CEPAS MULTI-RESISTENTES A DROGAS

The infections caused by bacteria and fungi, as well as the subsequent resistance of these microorganisms continue with high incidencesthus studies of medicinal plants and their combination with conventional therapy, are becoming essential. This study examined the antibacterial, antifungal and modifier of resistance to antibiotics and antifungal extracts of ethanol, hexane and methanol from the leaves of Kalanchoe pinnata, used in folk medicine. The phytochemical was performed qualitatively by visual observation of color changes and formation of precipitates after addition of specific reagents, such as ferric chloride (Fecl310%) sodium hydroxide (NaOH10%), hydrochloric acid (HCl 1%), acid  acetic acid 5%, ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH 10%), chloroform and  reagent Draggendorff 10%. The analysis for antimicrobial activity was through the microdilution test for determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and modifying the action of antibiotics (gentamicin and amikacin) and antifungals (ketoconazole and fluconazole) in association with the extracts. The phytochemicals assays indicated the presence of secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, alkaloids and flabobênicos tannins. In assessing the MIC results were obtained &lt;1024μg/ mL for Candida albicans and Candida krusei. There was synergism between extracts of Kalanchoe pinnata leaves with aminoglycosides and antifungal, reducing the concentration of CIM of multidrug-resistant strains. Our results demonstrate that the extracts of Kalanchoe pinnata have bioactive constituents with antimicrobial activity in vitro.Keywords: Kalcinchoe pinnata, Microorganisms, Synergistic effect, Antifungal, Antibacterial.As infecções causadas por bactérias e fungos, assim como a sucessiva resistência desses micro-organismos, continuam com altas incidências. Desse modo, estudos com plantas medicinais e sua combinação à terapia convencional, fazem-se essenciais. O presente estudo verificou a atividade antibacteriana, antifúngica e modificadora da resistência a antibióticos e antifúngicos dos extratos etanólico, hexânico e metanólico das folhas de Kalanchoe pinnata, utilizada na medicina popular. A fitoquímica foi realizada de forma qualitativa através de observação visual da mudança de coloração e formação de precipitados após adição de reagentes específicos como: cloreto férrico (Fecl310%) hidróxido de sódio (NaOH10%), ácido clorídrico (HCL 1%), ácido acético 5%, hidróxido de amônia (NH4OH 10%), clorofórmio 10% e reagente de Draggendorff. A análise para a atividade antimicrobiana foi por meio do teste de microdiluição para determinação de concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) e modificadora da ação dos antibióticos (gentamicina e amicacina) e antifúngicos (cetoconazol e fluconazol) em associação com os extratos. Os ensaios fitoquímicos indicaram a presença de metabólitos secundários como flavonóides, alcalóides e taninos flabobênicos. Na avaliação da CIM foram obtidos resultados &lt; 1024µg/mL para Candida albicans e Candida krusei. Houve sinergismo entre os extratos das folhas de Kalanchoe pinnata com os aminoglicosídeos e antifúngicos, reduzindo a concentração da CIM das cepas multirresistentes. Nossos resultados demonstram que os extratos da Kalcinchoe pinnata possuem constituintes bioativos com atividade antimicrobiana in vitro. Palavras-chave: Kalcinchoe pinnata, Micro-organismos, Efeito sinérgico, Antifúngico, Antibacteriano

III Diretriz Brasileira de Insuficiência Cardíaca Crônica

Universidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Medicina Hospital das ClínicasUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Hospital de Clínicas de Porto AlegreUniversidade de Pernambuco Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de PernambucoUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais Faculdade de MedicinaFaculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio PretoFundação Universitária de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul Instituto de CardiologiaRede Labs D'OrUniversidade Federal FluminenseUniversidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Faculdade de Ciencias MédicasInstituto Dante Pazzanese de CardiologiaSanta Casa de MisericórdiaUniversidade de Pernambuco Pronto Socorro Cardiológico de PernambucoHospital Pró CardíacoHospital de MessejanaPontifícia Universidade Católica do ParanáUniversidade Federal de Goiás Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão PretoReal e Benemerita Sociedade de Beneficência PortuguesaFaculdade de Ciências Médicas de Minas GeraisUNIFESP, EPMSciEL

Neutrophil Paralysis in Plasmodium vivax Malaria

Plasmodium vivax is responsible for approximately 60–80% of the malaria cases in the world, and contributes to significant social and economic instability in the developing countries of Latin America and Asia. The pathogenesis of P. vivax malaria is a consequence of host derived inflammatory mediators. Hence, a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in induction of systemic inflammation during P. vivax malaria is critical for the clinical management and prevention of severe disease. The innate immune receptors recognize Plasmodium sp. and initiate a broad spectrum of host defense mechanisms that mediate resistance to infection. However, the innate immune response is the classic “two-edged sword”, and clinical malaria is associated with high levels of circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines. Our findings show that both monocytes and neutrophils are highly activated during malaria. Monocytes produced high levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α during acute malaria. On the other hand, neutrophils were a poor source of cytokines, but displayed an enhanced phagocytic activity and superoxide production. Unexpectedly, we noticed an impaired chemotaxis of neutrophils towards an IL-8 (CXCL8) gradient. We proposed that neutrophil paralysis is in part responsible for the enhanced susceptibility to bacterial infection observed in malaria patients

Measurement of χ c1 and χ c2 production with s√ = 7 TeV pp collisions at ATLAS

The prompt and non-prompt production cross-sections for the χ c1 and χ c2 charmonium states are measured in pp collisions at s√ = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC using 4.5 fb−1 of integrated luminosity. The χ c states are reconstructed through the radiative decay χ c → J/ψγ (with J/ψ → μ + μ −) where photons are reconstructed from γ → e + e − conversions. The production rate of the χ c2 state relative to the χ c1 state is measured for prompt and non-prompt χ c as a function of J/ψ transverse momentum. The prompt χ c cross-sections are combined with existing measurements of prompt J/ψ production to derive the fraction of prompt J/ψ produced in feed-down from χ c decays. The fractions of χ c1 and χ c2 produced in b-hadron decays are also measured