Efectos de un programa de actividad física sobre la condición física en mujeres premenopáusicas

Esta investigación pretende conocer los cambios que provoca un programa de actividad física moderada de 5 meses de duración sobre la condición física (fuerza, flexibilidad y resistencia) en mujeres premenopáusicas. En el estudio participaron mujeres premenopáusicas, separadas en dos grupos: menores de 35 años (n = 10) y mayores de 35 años (n = 10). Para el estudio, se estableció un programa de intervención de aeróbic, clases de step y tonificación, de 5 meses de duración, con una frecuencia semanal de 3 días alternos y con una duración de 60 minutos cada sesión a una intensidad entre el 60-70 % de la frecuencia cardíaca máxima de reserva. Los resultados muestran que las mujeres de menor edad, al finalizar el programa de actividad física, incrementaron la flexibilidad posterior del tronco, la fuerza de prensión de ambas manos, aunque solo mejoraron de forma significativa la flexibilidad anterior del tronco (p

Phylogeography above the species level for perennial species in a composite genus

In phylogeography, DNA sequence and fingerprint data at the population level are used to infer evolutionary histories of species. Phylogeography above the species level is concerned with the genealogical aspects of divergent lineages. Here, we provide a phylogeographic study to examine the evolutionary history of a western Mediterranean composite, focusing on the perennial species of Helminthotheca (Asteraceae, Cichorieae). We used molecular markers (AFLP; ITS and plastid DNA sequences) to infer relationships among populations throughout the distributional range of the group. Interpretation is aided by biogeographic and molecular clock analyses. Four coherent entities are revealed by Bayesian mixture clustering of AFLP data, which correspond to taxa previously recognized at the rank of subspecies. The origin of the group was in western North Africa, from where it expanded across the Strait of Gibraltar to the Iberian Peninsula and across the Strait of Sicily to Sicily. Pleistocene lineage divergence is inferred within western North Africa as well as within the western Iberian region. The existence of the four entities as discrete evolutionary lineages suggests that they should be elevated to the rank of species, yielding H. aculeata, H. comosa, H. maroccana and H. spinosa, whereby the latter two necessitate new combinations

Arterial oxygen desaturation in pre- and post-menopausal women during aerobic exercise

La pulsioximetría ha sido validada como una técnica muy fiable para valorar de forma no invasiva la saturación arterial. Nos proponemos estudiar qué variaciones sufren los niveles de SaO2 durante la realización de ejercicio aeróbico en distintos grupos de mujeres: pre y postmenopáusicas. Para ello clasificaremos las desaturaciones en leves, moderadas y graves. Contamos con la participación consentida y voluntaria de 31 mujeres sedentarias, divididas en dos grupos: pre y postmenopáusicas. Valoramos la SaO2 a lo largo de una sesión de 60 minutos de aeróbic, cada 15 minutos, determinando el nivel de desaturación de cada participante. En reposo no encontramos diferencias significativas en los niveles de SaO2 entre ambos grupos, mientras que durante el ejercicio la frecuencia con la que encontramos SaO2 normales es del 92,3% en pre y del 66,7% en postmenopáusicas. Las desaturaciones leves aparecen con una frecuencia del 7,7% en pre y del 27,8% en postmenopáusicas, mientras que las desaturaciones moderadas tan sólo se observan en menopáusicas (5,6%). Como conclusiones, podemos afirmar que durante la realización de ejercicio aeróbico, es mayor el número de desaturaciones que sufren las mujeres postmenopáusicas, frente a las mujeres premenopáusicas. La pulsioximetría y la valoración de la SaO2 pueden ser una herramienta útil al trabajar con mujeres postmenopáusicas, que sufren más desaturaciones, para: detectar intensidades elevadas cuando no se disponen de otros medios, por su relación con la producción de lactato, así como por tratarse de una técnica muy sencilla y no invasiva.Actividad Física y DeporteMedicin

An Ultra-Compact X-Ray Free-Electron Laser

In the field of beam physics, two frontier topics have taken center stage due to their potential to enable new approaches to discovery in a wide swath of science. These areas are: advanced, high gradient acceleration techniques, and x-ray free electron lasers (XFELs). Further, there is intense interest in the marriage of these two fields, with the goal of producing a very compact XFEL. In this context, recent advances in high gradient radio-frequency cryogenic copper structure research have opened the door to the use of surface electric fields between 250 and 500 MV/m. Such an approach is foreseen to enable a new generation of photoinjectors with six-dimensional beam brightness beyond the current state-of-the-art by well over an order of magnitude. This advance is an essential ingredient enabling an ultra-compact XFEL (UC-XFEL). In addition, one may accelerate these bright beams to GeV scale in less than 10 meters. Such an injector, when combined with inverse free electron laser-based bunching techniques can produce multi-kA beams with unprecedented beam quality, quantified by ~50 nm-rad normalized emittances. These beams, when injected into innovative, short-period (1-10 mm) undulators uniquely enable UC-XFELs having footprints consistent with university-scale laboratories. We describe the architecture and predicted performance of this novel light source, which promises photon production per pulse of a few percent of existing XFEL sources. We review implementation issues including collective beam effects, compact x-ray optics systems, and other relevant technical challenges. To illustrate the potential of such a light source to fundamentally change the current paradigm of XFELs with their limited access, we examine possible applications in biology, chemistry, materials, atomic physics, industry, and medicine which may profit from this new model of performing XFEL science.Comment: 80 pages, 24 figure

Search for chargino-neutralino production with mass splittings near the electroweak scale in three-lepton final states in √s=13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for supersymmetry through the pair production of electroweakinos with mass splittings near the electroweak scale and decaying via on-shell W and Z bosons is presented for a three-lepton final state. The analyzed proton-proton collision data taken at a center-of-mass energy of √s=13  TeV were collected between 2015 and 2018 by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139  fb−1. A search, emulating the recursive jigsaw reconstruction technique with easily reproducible laboratory-frame variables, is performed. The two excesses observed in the 2015–2016 data recursive jigsaw analysis in the low-mass three-lepton phase space are reproduced. Results with the full data set are in agreement with the Standard Model expectations. They are interpreted to set exclusion limits at the 95% confidence level on simplified models of chargino-neutralino pair production for masses up to 345 GeV