Atividade eletromiográfica durante exercícios de propriocepção de tornozelo em apoio unipodal

Propriocepção refere-se à percepção dos mecanorreceptores para discriminar a posição do corpo e movimentos articulares, bem como tensões sobre os tendões na fase estática ou dinâmica da marcha. Objetivou-se avaliar por eletromiografia a ativação muscular do gastrocnêmio e tibial anterior em diferentes exercícios de propriocepção do tornozelo em apoio unipodal, comparando graus de dificuldade. Foram selecionados 54 voluntários, sedentários, destros, do sexo masculino (20-35 anos). Exercícios foram feitos no balancinho, prancha de equilíbrio, cama elástica e solo, à razão de três repetições de 15 segundos cada, com intervalo de 15 segundos entre as repetições. Ao final dos testes os voluntários indicaram a maior dificuldade. A atividade elétrica de ambos os músculos foi significativamente maior durante o teste no balancinho. No solo, ambos os músculos apresentaram menor atividade, mas apenas no gastrocnêmio essa diferença foi significativa. No exercício na prancha de equilíbrio e na cama elástica não se encontrou diferença quanto à ativação dos músculos. Na análise intermúsculo foi observada maior atividade do tibial anterior, exceto no balancinho. Assim, para o treino do apoio unipodal na aquisição do ganho proprioceptivo, o equipamento adotado deve ser escolhido com cuidado: no balancinho é maior o recrutamento dos músculos tibial anterior e gastrocnêmio, assim como é maior o grau de dificuldade para manutenção do equilíbrio.Proprioception refers to the ability of mechanoreceptors to discriminate body position and joint movements, as well as tensions during static or dynamic phases. The aim of this study was to assess, by means of surface electromyography, activation patterns of the gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscles in proprioception exercises, also comparing difficulty levels. Fifty-four sedentary, right-handed, 20-to-35 year-old male volunteers performed single-leg stance exercises on the balance board, wobble board, elastic trampoline and on the floor, at the rate of three 15-second repetitions each, with a 15-second interval between repetitions. After the exercises, volunteers pointed out the highest difficulty felt. Electrical activity of both muscles was significantly higher during the test on the balance board. On the floor, both muscles showed less activity, but only for gastrocnemius muscle this difference was significant. No differences were found in muscle activation during exercises on the wobble board and the elastic trampoline. Inter-muscle analysis showed greater activity of the tibialis anterior muscle, except on the balance board. This study suggests that, when planning one-leg stance exercise for proprioceptive training, the balance board is the equipment that most requires activation of gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscles, being also the most difficult one

ESTIMULAÇÃO ELÉTRICA NERVOSA TRANSCUTÂNEA DO NERVO TIBIAL POSTERIOR COMO FORMA DE TRATAMENTO EM PACIENTES COM INCONTINÊNCIA FECAL DECORRENTE DA PRÁTICA DO SEXO ANAL EM HOMOSSEXUAIS DO SEXO MASCULINO: UMA REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA

Fecal incontinence is a disorder that is characterized by involuntary release of gases, liquid, and solid stool from the rectum, and marked by physiological inability to maintain control over storage and expulsion of feces in socially appropriate places. In relevance of this study, its etiology showed out that several variables the traumatic factors determined at the penetration of objects during sex or anal self-stimulation, an anorectal trauma generated by the penis during the practice of anal sex. A study found out, that the intercourse in receptive homosexual males had an higher rate of fecal incontinence compared with heterosexual individuals that do not practice anal sex. Possible causes for development of fecal incontinence: often occurring of anal sex, as anorectal penetration during anal intercourse (possible injury). The goal of this study is to describe the fecal incontinence in homosexual males that practice anal sex and Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation of the posterior tibial nerve as possible form of treatment in patients with dysfunction. We conclude that the use of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation in posterior tibial nerve in fecal incontinence due to the practice of anal sex in gay men can come to be applied as form of conservative treatment, since it uses the measures considered non-invasive and easy to apply.Keywords: Fecal incontinence; Male Homosexuality; Posterior Tibial Nerve; Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation.A Incontinência Fecal é uma desordem caracterizada por uma liberação involuntária tanto de gases como fezes líquidas e sólidas pelo reto, sendo marcada pela incapacidade fisiológica de manter controle sobre armazenamento e expulsão das fezes em locais socialmente adequados. Sua etiologia possui diversas variáveis, sendo de relevância a este estudo, os fatores traumáticos determinados pela penetração de objetos durante o sexo ou auto-estimulação anal, assim como o traumatismo ano-retal gerado pelo pênis no decorrer da pratica do sexo anal. Em um estudo verificou que a relação sexual ano-receptivo em indivíduos homossexuais do sexo masculino tiveram maior índice de Incontinência Fecal quando comparados com os indivíduos heterossexuais não ano-receptivos. As possíveis causas para desenvolvimento da Incontinência Fecal: frequência com que ocorrem as relações sexuais; forma como ocorre à penetração anorretal durante o intercurso anal (possível traumatismo). O objetivo deste estudo é descrever a Incontinência Fecal em pacientes homossexuais do sexo masculino que praticam o sexo anal e a Estimulação Elétrica Nervosa Transcutâneado nervo tibial posterior como possível forma de tratamento em pacientes com tal disfunção.  Conclui-se que a utilização da Estimulação Elétrica Nervosa Transcutânea no nervo tibial posterior na Incontinência Fecal em decorrência da prática do sexo anal em homossexuais do sexo masculino pode vir a ser aplicado como uma forma de tratamento conservador, uma vez que se utiliza de medidas consideradas não invasivas e de fácil aplicação.Palavras-chave: Incontinencia Fecal, Homosexualidade Masculina, Nervo tibial Posterior, Estimulação Elétrica Nervosa Transcutânea

Efficacy of acupuncture and electroacupuncture in patients with nonspecific low back pain: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Abstract\ud \ud Background\ud Previous studies have shown that acupuncture and electroacupuncture (EA) are effective in the treatment of patients with low back pain. However, there is little evidence to support the use of one intervention over the other. The aim of this study is to compare the effect of acupuncture and electroacupuncture in the treatment of pain and disability in patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain.\ud \ud \ud Methods/design\ud The study design is a randomized controlled trial. Patients with nonspecific chronic low back pain of more than three months duration are recruited at Rehabilitation Center of Taboao da Serra - SP (Brazil). After examination, sixty-six patients will be randomized into one of two groups: acupuncture group (AG) (n = 33) and electroacupuncture group (EG) (n = 33). Interventions will last one hour, and will happen twice a week for 6 weeks. The primary clinical outcomes will be pain intensity as measured and functional disability. Secondary outcomes: quality of pain, quality of life. perception of the overall effect, depressive state, flexibility and kinesiophobia. All the outcomes will be assessed will be assessed at baseline, at treatment end, and three months after treatment end. Significance level will be determined at the 5 % level. Results of this trial will help clarify the value of acupuncture and electroacupuncture as a treatment for chronic low back pain and if they are different.\ud \ud \ud Discussion\ud Results of this trial will help clarify the value of acupuncture needling and electroacupuncture stimulation of specific points on the body as a treatment for chronic low back pain.\ud \ud \ud Trial Registration\ud Clinicaltrials.gov: \ud NCT02039037\ud \ud . Register October 30, 2013.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior-(CAPES

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Differential cross section measurements for the production of a W boson in association with jets in proton–proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV

Measurements are reported of differential cross sections for the production of a W boson, which decays into a muon and a neutrino, in association with jets, as a function of several variables, including the transverse momenta (pT) and pseudorapidities of the four leading jets, the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta (HT), and the difference in azimuthal angle between the directions of each jet and the muon. The data sample of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV was collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb[superscript −1]. The measured cross sections are compared to predictions from Monte Carlo generators, MadGraph + pythia and sherpa, and to next-to-leading-order calculations from BlackHat + sherpa. The differential cross sections are found to be in agreement with the predictions, apart from the pT distributions of the leading jets at high pT values, the distributions of the HT at high-HT and low jet multiplicity, and the distribution of the difference in azimuthal angle between the leading jet and the muon at low values.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Alfred P. Sloan Foundatio

Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an

Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð¥with constraintsð ð 𥠥 ðandð´ð¥ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis

Penilaian Kinerja Keuangan Koperasi di Kabupaten Pelalawan

This paper describe development and financial performance of cooperative in District Pelalawan among 2007 - 2008. Studies on primary and secondary cooperative in 12 sub-districts. Method in this stady use performance measuring of productivity, efficiency, growth, liquidity, and solvability of cooperative. Productivity of cooperative in Pelalawan was highly but efficiency still low. Profit and income were highly, even liquidity of cooperative very high, and solvability was good