Estudo sobre a triagem no serviço de emergência - revisão da literatura

O presente estudo compreende uma revisão bibliográfica sobre triagem de pacientes em um serviço de emergência, enfocando os conceitos existentes sobre o atendimento de emergência, o processo de triagem e a importância do exame inicial das condições do paciente

PRINCIPAIS FATORES DE RISCO PARA INFECÇÃO DO TRATO URINÁRIO (ITU) EM PACIENTES HOSPITALIZADOS: PROPOSTA DE MELHORIAS

Cross-sectional, retrospective, exploratory study. The objective of this study is to identify the main risk factors for the presence of urinary tract infection (UTI) and to elaborate a proposal of improvements for its prevention. The patient mix consists of all the patients with nosocomial UTI notified between April 2003 and July 2005. A total of 114 of UTI cases were assessed in that period, related or not with long duration vesical catheterization. The main described risk factors were: A percentage of 60.5% of females, 78% with morbidity that presupposes UTI, 73% older than 61 years, 59% of both cases in intensive therapy, 83% used long duration vesical catheterization (33% using it for 16 to 30 days and 25% more than 31 days), 76% used swaddling, 68% had previously taken antibiotics. At the moment of the UTI, the average time of hospitalization had been 20 days. According to the initial sector of long duration vesical catheterization, 24% were registered in a Surgical Center (SC) and 66% in hospitalization and intensive therapy units. In this study the nosocomial UTI notified were found to be related to the main referred risk factors in the scientific literature, without unexpected factors appearing. It was possible to make an improvement proposal in relation to the discovered cases: Patient sensitization in order to assess the necessity of catheter use after the 7th day of its use to remove o change a silicone vesical catheter; protocol creation to use a silicone vesical catheter; institutional campaign to reduce the time of a long duration vesical catheterization by 10%; SC staff reorientation.Estudio transversal, retrospectivo y exploratorio, con el objetivo de identificar los principales factores de riesgo para la presencia de infección del tracto urinario (ITU) y elaborar propuesta de mejoras para la prevención de ésta. La población se constituye de todos los pacientes con ITU nosocomial, notificada en el período de abril de 2003 a julio de 2005. Fueron evaluados 114 casos de ITU en el período, relacionados o no con el sondaje vesical de larga duración (SVD). Los principales factores de riesgo descritos fueron: 60,5% del sexo femenino, 78 % con morbidad que presupone a ITU, 73 % > de 61 años, 59 % de los dos casos en la terapia intensiva, 83% usó SVD (33 % con uso de 16 a 30 días y 25 % > 31 días), 76 % usó pañales, 68 % usó antibiótico previamente. En el momento del suceso de ITU la media del tiempo de internación fue de 20 días. Según el sector inicial de pasaje de SVD, 24% se registró en el Centro Quirúrgico (CC) y 66% en las unidades de internación y de terapia intensiva. En este estudio se evidenció que las ITU nosocomiales notificadas estaban relacionadas con los principales factores de riesgo referidos en la literatura científica, sin la aparición de factores inesperados. Frente a los casos hallados fue posible establecer una propuesta de mejoras: sensibilización del enfermero para evaluar la necesidad del uso de la sonda a partir del 7º día de uso, para retirar o cambiar a una sonda vesical de silicona; creación de protocolo para el uso de sonda vesical de silicona; campaña institucional para la reducción del tiempo de permanencia de SVD en 10%; reorientación del ¨Staff¨ del CC.Estudo transversal, retrospectivo e exploratório, com seleção dos principais fatores de risco e distribuição percentual destes fatores na população estudada, constituída de todos os pacientes com infecção do trato urinário (ITU) hospitalar notificada no período de abril de 2003 a julho de 2005. Foram avaliados 114 casos de ITU no período, relacionados ou não a sondagem vesical: 60,5% feminino, 78 % com comorbidades que predispõem a ITU, 73 % > de 61 anos, 59 % dos casos na terapia intensiva, 83 % usaram Sonda Vesical de Demora (33 % com uso de 16 a 30 dias e 25 % > 31 dias), 76 % usou fraldas, 68 % com uso de antibiótico prévio. A mediana de 20 dias de internação, no momento da ITU. Segundo o setor de passagem da sonda vesical, 24% ocorreu no Centro Cirúrgico (CC) e 66% nas unidades de internação terapia intensiva. As ITU hospitalares na instituição estão ligadas aos principais fatores de risco referidos na literatura científica, sem o aparecimento de fatores inesperados. Frente aos achados, foi estabelecido um plano de melhoria: sensibilização do enfermeiro para avaliação do tipo de sonda a partir do 7º dia de uso, para retirada ou troca; criação de protocolo para uso de sonda vesical de silicone; campanha Institucional para redução do tempo de permanência da SVD em 10%; reorientação da equipe do CC

The impact of polymorphic variations in the 5p15, 6p12, 6p21 and 15q25 loci on the risk and prognosis of Portuguese patients with non-small cell lung cancer

Polymorphic variants in the 5p15, 6p12, 6p21, and 15q25 loci were demonstrated to potentially contribute to lung cancer carcinogenesis. Therefore, this study was performed to assess the role of those variants in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) risk and prognosis in a Portuguese population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Blood from patients with NSCLC was prospectively collected. To perform an association study, DNA from these patients and healthy controls were genotyped for a panel of 19 SNPs using a Sequenom® MassARRAY platform. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to assess the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS: One hundred and forty-four patients with NSCLC were successfully consecutively genotyped for the 19 SNPs. One SNP was associated with NSCLC risk: rs9295740 G/A. Two SNPs were associated with non-squamous histology: rs3024994 (VEGF intron 2) T/C and rs401681 C/T. Three SNPs were associated with response rate: rs3025035 (VEGF intron 7) C/T, rs833061 (VEGF -460) C/T and rs9295740 G/A. One SNP demonstrated an influence on PFS: rs401681 C/T at 5p15, p?=?0.021. Four SNPs demonstrated an influence on OS: rs2010963 (VEGF +405 G/C), p?=?0.042; rs3025010 (VEGF intron 5 C/T), p?=?0.047; rs401681 C/T at 5p15, p?=?0.046; and rs31489 C/A at 5p15, p?=?0.029. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that SNPs in the 6p12, 6p21, and 5p15 loci may serve as risk, predictive and prognostic NSCLC biomarkers. In the future, SNPs identified in the genomes of patients may improve NSCLC screening strategies and therapeutic management as well.This project was supported by Programa Doutoral em Medicina e Oncologia Molecular, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal and University of Minho, Braga, Portugal. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript

Search for the standard model Higgs boson in the H to ZZ to 2l 2nu channel in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

A search for the standard model Higgs boson in the H to ZZ to 2l 2nu decay channel, where l = e or mu, in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV is presented. The data were collected at the LHC, with the CMS detector, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 4.6 inverse femtobarns. No significant excess is observed above the background expectation, and upper limits are set on the Higgs boson production cross section. The presence of the standard model Higgs boson with a mass in the 270-440 GeV range is excluded at 95% confidence level.Comment: Submitted to JHE

Measurement of the t t-bar production cross section in the dilepton channel in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

The t t-bar production cross section (sigma[t t-bar]) is measured in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV in data collected by the CMS experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.3 inverse femtobarns. The measurement is performed in events with two leptons (electrons or muons) in the final state, at least two jets identified as jets originating from b quarks, and the presence of an imbalance in transverse momentum. The measured value of sigma[t t-bar] for a top-quark mass of 172.5 GeV is 161.9 +/- 2.5 (stat.) +5.1/-5.0 (syst.) +/- 3.6(lumi.) pb, consistent with the prediction of the standard model.Comment: Replaced with published version. Included journal reference and DO

Combined search for the quarks of a sequential fourth generation

Results are presented from a search for a fourth generation of quarks produced singly or in pairs in a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5 inverse femtobarns recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC in 2011. A novel strategy has been developed for a combined search for quarks of the up and down type in decay channels with at least one isolated muon or electron. Limits on the mass of the fourth-generation quarks and the relevant Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix elements are derived in the context of a simple extension of the standard model with a sequential fourth generation of fermions. The existence of mass-degenerate fourth-generation quarks with masses below 685 GeV is excluded at 95% confidence level for minimal off-diagonal mixing between the third- and the fourth-generation quarks. With a mass difference of 25 GeV between the quark masses, the obtained limit on the masses of the fourth-generation quarks shifts by about +/- 20 GeV. These results significantly reduce the allowed parameter space for a fourth generation of fermions.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Search for anomalous t t-bar production in the highly-boosted all-hadronic final state

A search is presented for a massive particle, generically referred to as a Z', decaying into a t t-bar pair. The search focuses on Z' resonances that are sufficiently massive to produce highly Lorentz-boosted top quarks, which yield collimated decay products that are partially or fully merged into single jets. The analysis uses new methods to analyze jet substructure, providing suppression of the non-top multijet backgrounds. The analysis is based on a data sample of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5 inverse femtobarns. Upper limits in the range of 1 pb are set on the product of the production cross section and branching fraction for a topcolor Z' modeled for several widths, as well as for a Randall--Sundrum Kaluza--Klein gluon. In addition, the results constrain any enhancement in t t-bar production beyond expectations of the standard model for t t-bar invariant masses larger than 1 TeV.Comment: Submitted to the Journal of High Energy Physics; this version includes a minor typo correction that will be submitted as an erratu

Search for New Physics with Jets and Missing Transverse Momentum in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

A search for new physics is presented based on an event signature of at least three jets accompanied by large missing transverse momentum, using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36 inverse picobarns collected in proton--proton collisions at sqrt(s)=7 TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC. No excess of events is observed above the expected standard model backgrounds, which are all estimated from the data. Exclusion limits are presented for the constrained minimal supersymmetric extension of the standard model. Cross section limits are also presented using simplified models with new particles decaying to an undetected particle and one or two jets

Measurement of the Z/gamma* + b-jet cross section in pp collisions at 7 TeV

The production of b jets in association with a Z/gamma* boson is studied using proton-proton collisions delivered by the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV and recorded by the CMS detector. The inclusive cross section for Z/gamma* + b-jet production is measured in a sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.2 inverse femtobarns. The Z/gamma* + b-jet cross section with Z/gamma* to ll (where ll = ee or mu mu) for events with the invariant mass 60 < M(ll) < 120 GeV, at least one b jet at the hadron level with pT > 25 GeV and abs(eta) < 2.1, and a separation between the leptons and the jets of Delta R > 0.5 is found to be 5.84 +/- 0.08 (stat.) +/- 0.72 (syst.) +(0.25)/-(0.55) (theory) pb. The kinematic properties of the events are also studied and found to be in agreement with the predictions made by the MadGraph event generator with the parton shower and the hadronisation performed by PYTHIA.Comment: Submitted to the Journal of High Energy Physic