Effect of thermal pollution on the hydrological parameters of River Jhelum (J & K)

The Buniyar hydroelectric project and the lower Jhelum Barrier at Gantamulla constructed across river Jhelum are in operation from several years. The two power stations have changed the hydrological features of the area where dam is situated. Therefore, the impact of hydroelectric projects on fishery resources of river Jhelum is a matter of great concern. The treated water from the power house is released through turbines, having cooling effect on them. The change in the hydrological parameters such as increase in temperature, depletion of oxygen etc. might have brought fishes under stress which is the main cause in decreased population of finfishes from site to site. The golden mahseer, Tor putitora which was once an abundant species in river Jhelum has disappeared due to human intervention. The prevailing water quality around hydroelectric projects is unsuitable for finfishes of river Jhelum

Studies on fecundity of Rita pavimentata (Gunther) in relation to total length, total weight and ovary weight

A total of thirty eight ripe ovaries from the specimens of Rita pavimentata, measuring 230 to 355 mm in total length (TL) and 250 to 750 g in total weight (TW), were selected to study the fecundity. The relationship between fecundity 'and total length (TL), total weight (TW) and ovary weight (OW) was found to be linear. The coefficient of co-relation 'r' of the above relationship was found to be 0.92, 0.94 and 0.96 respectively. All these values are highly significant (P=0.01) indicating a close relationship between compared parameters. However, as indicated by value of 'r' (0.96), the fecundity is more closely related to ovary weight and hence the ovary weight may be a better index of fecundity than the total body length or weight

Comparative account of growth rate of body parts with total length in Rita pavimentata (Gunther)

The paper deals with sex-wise growth rate of different body parts in relation to total length in Rita paviinentata (Gunther). Growth rates calculated on pooled data by using the common regression coefficient 'b' reveals isometric and homogeneous nature in sexes

Biochemical degradation of 22 fish species due to microbial spoilage in major fish markets of bhopal

Microbial spoilage of fish and its biochemical changes has been reviewed. Naturally fishes were dominantly contaminated by gram positive and gram negative bacteria’s such as pseudomonas, aeromonas, salmonella, shigella, vibrio spp. Growth of these microorganisms in fish caused spoilage of the fish. Microorganisms predominate spoilage of cold storage fish were pseudomonas and aeromonas. Soon after fish death, enzymatic reaction precedes which uses glycogen as energy sources and stop as the glycogen depleted from the tissue. This process named as “rigor mortis”. Fish spoilage start at the end of rigor mortis. So, fish spoilage could be delayed by retaining flesh glycogen through reduction in energy consumption. It can be done by preventing vigorous moving of fish during hauling/catching. Delay in spoilage was also due to lactic acid production resulted from glycolyis, which reduced fish flesh pH, so that inhibit microbial growth. Immediately after rigor mortis the flesh pH increase to normal pH, caused contaminating microorganisms grow, degrade NPN protein such as trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) to trimethylamine TMA. Later stage of spoilage contaminating microorganisms degrade protein compound result in compound that exert putrid smell such as H2S, methyl mercaptan and dimetyhyl sulfide

Furunculosis in snow trout (Schizothoracinae) in Kashmir: first report

Incidences of furunculosis were reported in Schizothorax spp. (Schizothorax niger, S. esocinus, S. curvifrons and S. labiatus) in Wular Lake, Kashmir, from 2003 to 2005. The disease was reported during summer and winter months, but the percentage of infection was maximum during winter. Mortality rate ranged from 8 to 15%. Artificial challenge of Schizothorax spp. with Aeromonas salmonicida produced symptoms pertinent to furunculosis. The incidence of disease was the highest (13.87%) in December, and lowest (0.40%) in May and October. S. esocinus exhibited the maximum (44.48%) percentage of infection, while as S. labiatus exhibited the minimum (14.28%) throughout the study period. Haematological investigations revealed devastating changes in various blood parameters. Chemotherapeutic tests revealed complete recovery of the disease using 20 ppm oxytetracycline and 30 ppm streptomycin

Effect of rbST on Serum Biochemical Values During Various Physiological and Weather Conditions in Kundhi Buffaloes

This study was performed to investigate the effect of rbST treatment on some biochemical parameters in addition to values of thyroid hormones in Kundhi buffaloes. Sixteen Kundhi buffaloes were divided into two groups. Group-A (N=8) served as control and Group-B (N=8) was treated with 250 mg of rbST fortnightly for 1st lactation. Blood samples were collected weekly during lactation period from day one to 60 as pre-treatment values and then from day 61 to completion of 1st lactation in Kundhi buffaloes as post-treatment values. The findings revealed overall non significant variation in the serum biochemical and thyroid hormone values between control and rbST treated buffaloes, whereas, significant differences were observed during various physiological and weather conditions in both groups. Glucose and uric acid values were observed higher during parturition and winter season in Kundhi buffaloes. Protein level was higher in rbST treated buffaloes during open days

Purification and characterisation of immunoglobulins from the serum of a catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822)

Attempts have been made to characterize and purify immunoglobulins from the serum of Clarias gariepinus, which has been immunized with bovine serum albumen. Initially, the proteins in the serum were chromatographed successively by affinity chromatography column. The affinity-purified fraction was concentrated and checked in SDS-PAGE, two bands of heavy chain and two bands of light chain were observed. Since teleost immunoglobulins have been shown to belong to a single class, the extra bands in light and heavy chains in the present study might be the breakdown of immunoglobulin or some unpurified contaminants. The affinity-purified fraction was also subjected to gel filtration chromatography column

Ultrasonographic Biometrical Studies on Reproductive Organs of rbST Treated Pregnant Kundhi Buffaloes

Biometrical studies were conducted on sixty four gravid uteri with estimated gestation period of 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th month of pregnancy in Kundhi buffaloes. Sixteen specimens for each month of gestation were collected from Hyderabad slaughterhouse to evaluate techniques for measurement of reproductive organs. The measurements for fetometry and morphometry of reproductive organs by ultrasound machine and manually (by measuring tape and vernier caliper) were performed and compared. The Ultrasound examinations were performed through diagnostic ultrasound machine equipped with multi-frequency 5-10MHz transrectal linear array transducer. Analysis revealed that the ovary, foetus, foetal fluid and uterus progressively increased significantly (P<0.01) in weight during 4th month of the gestation than 1st, 2nd and 3rd month of gestation period in rbST treated Kundhi buffaloes. Ovaries with CL were significantly (P<0.01) heavier than the ovary in which CL was absent. Corpus leutum was significantly lighter (P<0.01) during 1st month of pregnancy than 2nd, 3rd and 4th month of pregnancy in rbST treated Kundhi buffaloes. Gravid uterus was significantly heavier (P<0.01) during 4th month of pregnancy than 1st, 2nd and 3rd month of pregnancy in rbST treated Kundhi buffaloes. There was no significant difference between the measurements of oviduct, cervix and vagina during 1st to 4th month of pregnancy. The placenta, foetal fluid and foetus progressively increased significantly in size as gestation period progressed. The ultrasonographic fetometric and morphometric threshold of CRL, TD and UD and foetal weight was steadily increased in rbST treated Kundhi buffaloes. There was significant increase (P<0.05) in the CRL, TD, UD and foetus weight/volume at 4th month of pregnancy than 1st , 2nd and 3rd month of pregnancy in rbST treated Kundhi buffaloes. In conclusion, the overall data indicated that the examination for ultrasonographic fetometry and morphometry of reproductive organs of kundhi buffaloes for evaluation of fetal development, estimation of gestational age and formulation of fetal chart through reproductive organs were more suitable as compare to manual biometrical evaluation

The management of diabetic ketoacidosis in children

The object of this review is to provide the definitions, frequency, risk factors, pathophysiology, diagnostic considerations, and management recommendations for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in children and adolescents, and to convey current knowledge of the causes of permanent disability or mortality from complications of DKA or its management, particularly the most common complication, cerebral edema (CE). DKA frequency at the time of diagnosis of pediatric diabetes is 10%–70%, varying with the availability of healthcare and the incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in the community. Recurrent DKA rates are also dependent on medical services and socioeconomic circumstances. Management should be in centers with experience and where vital signs, neurologic status, and biochemistry can be monitored with sufficient frequency to prevent complications or, in the case of CE, to intervene rapidly with mannitol or hypertonic saline infusion. Fluid infusion should precede insulin administration (0.1 U/kg/h) by 1–2 hours; an initial bolus of 10–20 mL/kg 0.9% saline is followed by 0.45% saline calculated to supply maintenance and replace 5%–10% dehydration. Potassium (K) must be replaced early and sufficiently. Bicarbonate administration is contraindicated. The prevention of DKA at onset of diabetes requires an informed community and high index of suspicion; prevention of recurrent DKA, which is almost always due to insulin omission, necessitates a committed team effort

Search for H→γγ produced in association with top quarks and constraints on the Yukawa coupling between the top quark and the Higgs boson using data taken at 7 TeV and 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search is performed for Higgs bosons produced in association with top quarks using the diphoton decay mode of the Higgs boson. Selection requirements are optimized separately for leptonic and fully hadronic final states from the top quark decays. The dataset used corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 4.5 fb−14.5 fb−1 of proton–proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV and 20.3 fb−1 at 8 TeV recorded by the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. No significant excess over the background prediction is observed and upper limits are set on the tt¯H production cross section. The observed exclusion upper limit at 95% confidence level is 6.7 times the predicted Standard Model cross section value. In addition, limits are set on the strength of the Yukawa coupling between the top quark and the Higgs boson, taking into account the dependence of the tt¯H and tH cross sections as well as the H→γγ branching fraction on the Yukawa coupling. Lower and upper limits at 95% confidence level are set at −1.3 and +8.0 times the Yukawa coupling strength in the Standard Model