Structure-oriented prediction in complex networks

Complex systems are extremely hard to predict due to its highly nonlinear interactions and rich emergent properties. Thanks to the rapid development of network science, our understanding of the structure of real complex systems and the dynamics on them has been remarkably deepened, which meanwhile largely stimulates the growth of effective prediction approaches on these systems. In this article, we aim to review different network-related prediction problems, summarize and classify relevant prediction methods, analyze their advantages and disadvantages, and point out the forefront as well as critical challenges of the field

Vectorial Manipulation of High-Resolution Focusing Optical Field through a Scattering Medium

The manipulation of the polarization states of the light transmitted through a scattering medium has become an emerging field due to the novel fundamental physics interest and potential applications. Here, the manipulation of the polarization states in the focusing high-resolution optical field (points and vector beams) after passing a scattering medium is theoretically and experimentally demonstrated. The vector transmission matrix (VTM) of a scattering medium is measured with the vector basis of orthogonally circular polarizations by the two-dimensional (2D) holographic grating combined with the four-step phase-shifting method. The incident wavefronts for the creation of desired high-resolution optical fields through a scattering medium are modulated according to the calculation with the VTM of the medium. The theoretical and experimental results show that the constructed high-resolution optical field with spatially variant states of polarization can be realized through frosted glass. These results provide a new way to vectorially manipulate the constructed high-resolution optical field by passing through a scattering medium

Posture Recognition and Behavior Tracking in Swimming Motion Images under Computer Machine Vision

This study is to explore the gesture recognition and behavior tracking in swimming motion images under computer machine vision and to expand the application of moving target detection and tracking algorithms based on computer machine vision in this field. The objectives are realized by moving target detection and tracking, Gaussian mixture model, optimized correlation filtering algorithm, and Camshift tracking algorithm. Firstly, the Gaussian algorithm is introduced into target tracking and detection to reduce the filtering loss and make the acquired motion posture more accurate. Secondly, an improved kernel-related filter tracking algorithm is proposed by training multiple filters, which can clearly and accurately obtain the motion trajectory of the monitored target object. Finally, it is proposed to combine the Kalman algorithm with the Camshift algorithm for optimization, which can complete the tracking and recognition of moving targets. The experimental results show that the target tracking and detection method can obtain the movement form of the template object relatively completely, and the kernel-related filter tracking algorithm can also obtain the movement speed of the target object finely. In addition, the accuracy of Camshift tracking algorithm can reach 86.02%. Results of this study can provide reliable data support and reference for expanding the application of moving target detection and tracking methods

The Effect of Hyperbaric Oxygen Combined with Virtual Reality Training on Oxidative Stress Indicators and Inflammatory Factors of Swimming Athletes Suffering from Depression

This study was conducted to explore the effect of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy combined with virtual reality (VR) training on oxidative stress indicators (OSIs) and inflammatory factors (IFs) in swimming athletes with depression. 88 swimming athletes suffering from depression were grouped into a control group (group C) and a research group (group R). The patients in group C were given HBO therapy, and the group R was given HBO therapy combined with VR training. The Physical Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the Symptom Checklist (SCL-90) were adopted to assess the depression status of patients. The differences between the two groups of serum OSIs and IFs before and after the intervention were compared and analyzed. The results disclosed that the PHQ-9 score and SCL-90 score in group R were not different from those in group C before the intervention, but those in group R were greatly decreased in contrast to group C after the intervention (P<0.05). Before the intervention, there was no obvious difference in the OSIs and the IFs between the two groups. The levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the two groups were decreased greatly after intervention, and those in the group R were much lower than those in group C (P<0.05). Compared with the preintervention, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in both groups were reduced observably, and the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), nitric oxide (NO), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were dramatically increased. The MDA in group R was much lower, while the SOD, NO, and GSH-Px were much higher in contrast to group C (P<0.05). It indicated that HBO combined with VR training had a good clinical effect for swimming athletes suffering from depression, and it could reduce the oxidative stress and inflammation, thereby helping patients recover quickly

Unfixed Movement Route Model, Non-Overcrowding and Social Distancing Reduce the Spread of COVID-19 in Sporting Facilities

Localized outbreaks of COVID-19 have been reported in sporting facilities. This study used the Agent-based Modeling (ABM) method to analyze the transmission rate of COVID-19 in different sporting models, sporting spaces per capita, and situations of gathering, which contributes to understanding how COVID-19 transmits in sports facilities. The simulation results show that the transmission rate of COVID-19 was higher under the Fixed Movement Route (FMR) than under the Unfixed Movement Route (UMR) in 10 different sporting spaces per capita (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 m2) (p = 0.000). For both FMR and UMR, the larger the sporting space per capita, the lower the virus transmission rate. Additionally, when the sporting space per capita increases from 4 m2 to 5 m2, the virus transmission rate decreases most significantly (p = 0.000). In the FMR model with a per capita sporting space of 5 m2, minimizing gathering (no more than three people) could significantly slow down the transmission rate of the COVID-19 virus (p &lt; 0.05). This study concluded that: (1) The UMR model is suggested in training facilities or playing grounds; (2) The sporting space should be non-overcrowding, and it is recommended that the sporting space per capita in the sporting grounds should not be less than 5 m2; (3) It is important to maintain safe social distancing and minimize gathering (no more than three people) when exercising

Molecular Insights into the Differential Effects of Acetylation on the Aggregation of Tau Microtubule-Binding Repeats

&lt;p&gt;The initial conformations, the final conformations, and 400-500ns trajectories of the REMD simulations in the R1, R2, R2-K280, R3, R3-K321, R4 systems are included in the upload data.&lt;/p&gt

Atomistic Insights into the Inhibitory Mechanism of Tyrosine Phosphorylation against the Aggregation of Human Tau Fragment PHF6

Abnormal aggregation of the microtubule-associated protein tau into intracellular fibrillary inclusions is characterized as the hallmark of tauopathies, including Alzheimer’s disease and chronic traumatic encephalopathy. The hexapeptide 306VQIVYK311 (PHF6) of R3 plays an important role in the aggregation of tau. Recent experimental studies reported that phosphorylation of residue tyrosine 310 (Y310) could decrease the propensity of PHF6 to form fibrils and inhibit tau aggregation. However, the underlying inhibitory mechanism is not well understood. In this work, we systematically investigated the influences of phosphorylation on the conformational ensembles and oligomerization dynamics of PHF6 by performing extensive all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Our replica exchange MD simulations demonstrate that Y310 phosphorylation could effectively suppress the formation of β-structure and shift PHF6 oligomers toward coil-rich aggregates. The interaction analyses show that hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions among PHF6 peptides, as well as Y310–Y310 π–π stacking and I308–Y310 CH−π interactions, are weakened by phosphorylation. Additional microsecond MD simulations show that Y310 phosphorylation could inhibit the oligomerization of PHF6 by preventing the formation of large β-sheet oligomers and multi-layer β-sheet aggregates. This study provides mechanistic insights into the phosphorylation-inhibited tau aggregation, which may be helpful for the in-depth understanding of the pathogenesis of tauopathies

Table_1_The bibliometric and altmetric analysis of chronic traumatic encephalopathy research: how great is the impact?.DOCX

BackgroundThe study of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) has received great attention from academia and the general public. This study aims to analyze the research productivity on CTE and investigate the most discussed articles in academia and the general public by conducting bibliometric and altmetric analyses.MethodsData of articles were obtained from the Web of Science Core Databases and Altmetric Explore. VOSviewer and CiteSpace software were used to analyze and visualize the articles. The correlation between Altmetric attention scores (AAS) and citation counts were assessed by Spearman correlation coefficient.Results788 publications of CTE were eventually gathered and analyzed, and 100 articles with highest citation counts (Top-cited) and 100 articles with highest AASs (Top-AAS) were then identified. The keywords density map showed both the general public and the scientists were particularly interested in the risk factors and pathology of CTE, and scientists were interested in the causes and characteristics of neurodegenerative diseases while the public became increasingly concerned about the detection and prevention of CTE. By examining the shared characteristics of the 44 articles (High-High articles) that overlapped between Top-cited and Top-AAS articles, we identified certain traits that may potentially contribute to their high citation rates and high AASs. Besides, significant positive correlations with varied strength between AAS and citation were observed in the 788 articles, Top-cited, Top-AAS and High-High datasets.ConclusionThis study is the first to link bibliometric and altmetric analyses for CTE publications, which may provide deeper understanding of the attention of the scientists and the general public pay to the study of CTE, and offer some guidance and inspiration for future CTE in the selection of research topics and directions.</p

Operando Raman and DFT Analysis of (De)lithiation in Fast-Charging, Shear-Phase H-Nb2O5

Niobium-based compounds with Wadsley–Roth crystallographic shear structures show promise as fast lithium storage materials in micrometer sizes without the need for nanostructure engineering. However, the lithium storage mechanism underlying their unique electrochemical properties has yet to be understood. Herein, we characterized the evolution of vibration bands in operando Raman spectra of the representative shear phase, H-Nb2O5, during lithiation in order to correlate the lithiation-induced structural variations of H-Nb2O5 with the electrochemical properties. Complemented by DFT calculations, the lithium storage mechanism was unraveled, including the preference for adsorption sites, the resultant electronic structure, and specific pathways for lithium transport. This work provides insight into the lithium storage mechanism in shear structure Nb2O5, which is believed to be useful for knowledge-based design of niobium-based compounds as high-rate lithium storage materials