Avaliação da superfície de pavimentos flexíveis pelos métodos do IGG e LVC: na BR 222 (Trecho Forquilha- Fortaleza) / Evaluation of flexible floor surface by IGG and LVC methods: on BR 222 (Forquilha-Fortaleza Section)

A avaliação da superfície de pavimentos realizada através da análise dos defeitos encontrados é um instrumento fundamental na elaboração de projetos com vistas a sua conservação e recuperação, bem como uma alternativa que garante a adequada aplicação de recursos financeiros em serviços de manutenção de pavimentos.  O objetido do estudo é avaliar a condição de superfície, por meio dos métodos de Índice de Gravidade Global (IGG) e Levantamento Visual Contínuo (LVC), na BR 222, Trecho Forquilha – Fortaleza. Os resultados da pesquisa evidenciaram que os trechos analisados variam de bom a péssimo, tanto nos métodos LVC quanto no IGG

Intoxicação por medicamentos no Brasil: período pré-pandêmico e pandemia da Covid -19

Introdução: As intoxicações por medicamentos representam um grande problema de saúde pública no Brasil, o qual foi agravado por conta da pandemia, que influenciou no aumento da automedicação em virtude da superlotação de hospitais e fluxo de informações sobre uso de medicamentos “off-label” sem comprovação científica. Objetivo: realizar o levantamento dos casos de intoxicações por medicamentos no Brasil, nos anos de 2017 a 2022, no período que antecede a pandemia e durante o aumento de casos de COVID- 19. Metodologia: Foi realizado uma análise descritiva, de serie temporal, baseado nos dados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos Notificação (SINAN), disponibilizados pelo Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS), no qual foram analisados dados sobre intoxicação exógena que ocorreram entre 2017 e 2022, avaliando as circunstâncias, sexo, faixa etária, evolução e tipos de exposição. Resultados e discussão: Em 2022, houve o maior número de casos de intoxicação por medicamentos (103.648). Pessoas do sexo feminino representaram cerca de 73,44% dos casos de intoxicação por medicamentos e as intoxicações por medicamentos em circunstância das tentativas de suicídio representaram 70,3% desses mesmos casos. O predomínio da tentativa de suicídio pode estar relacionado a diferentes fatores, tais como desemprego, perda de renda e produtividade, em que os trabalhadores foram submetidos a interrupção das atividades laborais sem planejamento prévio ou reservas econômicas durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Conclusão: A pandemia da COVID-19 contribuiu para o aumento dos casos de intoxicação medicamentosa principalmente no âmbito das tentativas de suicídio e da automedicação. Dessa forma, é imprescindível a atuação do farmacêutico e demais profissionais de saúde, e a criação de políticas públicas voltadas à educação em saúde, com o intuito de reduzir os efeitos adversos e os riscos de intoxicações

As boas práticas de fabricação nas cantinas da Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia-Ufra: o antes e o depois do treinamento dos colaboradores / Good manufacturing practices in the canteen of the Rural Federal University of Amazônia-Ufra: before and after the training of employees

Cantinas são obrigatórias onde é difícil a aplicação das Boas Práticas de Fabricação (BPF), devido a possuírem limitação em suas áreas físicas e empregarem mão de obra pouco qualificada. Diante desse contexto, este trabalho objetivou avaliar as condições de higiene e manipulação de alimentos nas cantinas da Ufra / Belém, e propor a adequação às BPF. Para avaliar essas BPF, foi aplicada uma lista de verificação nos meses de agosto e outubro de 2019, em 11 cantinas do Campusda Ufra / Belém, e realizado um treinamento com os colaboradores. Segundo o nível de adequação como BPF, como cantinas foram classificadas em grupo 1 (alta), 2 (média) e 3 (baixa adequação). Após aplicação da primeira lista de verificação, todas as 11 cantinas (100%) estavam inseridas no grupo 3 (0 a 50% de itens Conforme-C), e após o treinamento 36% (n = 4) passaram para o grupo 2 ( 51 a 75% dos itens C). Foram elaborados um Plano de Ação e um Manual de BPF para cada cantina, como forma de planejamento como ações corretivas para os itens Não Conforme (NC) observados após o treinamento. Evidenciou-se que as maiores dificuldades encontradas na adequação ao BPF, estão relacionadas à higienização das instalações e equipamentos, e que a capacitação dos colaboradores é de importância fundamental para a redução dos itens NC identificados, e a garantia de alimentos seguros. Sugere-se a implantação das ações corretivas identificadas e a implantação das BPF específicas, para que atendam as determinações preconizadas na legislação.

MORTALITY TREND FROM CARDIAC ISCHEMIC DISEASES IN THE FEDERAL DISTRICT FROM 2010 TO 2018

Esse estudo avaliou a tendência de mortalidade por Doenças Isquêmicas Cardíacas no Distrito Federal, conforme as variáveis faixa etária, sexo e distribuição geográfica por Região Administrativa do estado. Foi realizado estudo ecológico do tipo séries temporais, entre 2010 e 2018. No período estudado, foram contabilizados 7.645 óbitos para o desfecho, uma média de idade de 70,3 anos (±14,1 anos), com mediana de 72 anos. A maioria dos indivíduos encontrava-se na faixa etária maior ou igual a 60 anos (77,3%), era sexo masculino (57,9%), possuía de um a três anos de estudo (30,8%), era solteiro, viúvo ou divorciado (55%) e de raça/cor branca (53,2%). Em suma, identificou-se a tendência crescente de mortalidade geral e para pessoas do sexo masculino devido a Doenças Isquêmicas Cardíacas e estacionária para as faixas etárias investigadas.This study evaluated the trend of mortality due to Cardiac Ischemic Diseases in the Federal District according to the variables age group, gender, and geographic distribution by Administrative Region of the state. An ecological study of the time series was conducted between 2010 and 2018. In the period studied, 7,645 deaths were recorded for the outcome, mean age of 70.3 years (±14.1 years), with a median of 72 years. Most individuals were in the age group greater than or equal to 60 years (77.3%), were male (57.9%), had one to three years of schooling (30.8%), were single, widowed or divorced (55%) and white race/color (53.2%). In a total, the growing trend of mortality in general   and for males due to Cardiac and stationary Ischemic   Diseases was identified for the age groups investigated

TENDÊNCIA DE MORTALIDADE POR DOENÇAS ISQUÊMICAS CARDÍACAS NO DISTRITO FEDERAL DE 2010 A 2018

This study evaluated the trend of mortality due to Cardiac Ischemic Diseases in the Federal District according to the variables age group, gender, and geographic distribution by Administrative Region of the state. An ecological study of the time series was conducted between 2010 and 2018. In the period studied, 7,645 deaths were recorded for the outcome, mean age of 70.3 years (±14.1 years), with a median of 72 years. Most individuals were in the age group greater than or equal to 60 years (77.3%), were male (57.9%), had one to three years of schooling (30.8%), were single, widowed or divorced (55%) and white race/color (53.2%). In a total, the growing trend of mortality in general   and for males due to Cardiac and stationary Ischemic   Diseases was identified for the age groups investigated.Esse estudo avaliou a tendência de mortalidade por Doenças Isquêmicas Cardíacas no Distrito Federal, conforme as variáveis faixa etária, sexo e distribuição geográfica por Região Administrativa do estado. Foi realizado estudo ecológico do tipo séries temporais, entre 2010 e 2018. No período estudado, foram contabilizados 7.645 óbitos para o desfecho, uma média de idade de 70,3 anos (±14,1 anos), com mediana de 72 anos. A maioria dos indivíduos encontrava-se na faixa etária maior ou igual a 60 anos (77,3%), era sexo masculino (57,9%), possuía de um a três anos de estudo (30,8%), era solteiro, viúvo ou divorciado (55%) e de raça/cor branca (53,2%). Em suma, identificou-se a tendência crescente de mortalidade geral e para pessoas do sexo masculino devido a Doenças Isquêmicas Cardíacas e estacionária para as faixas etárias investigadas

Global variations in diabetes mellitus based on fasting glucose and haemogloblin A1c

Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) are both used to diagnose diabetes, but may identify different people as having diabetes. We used data from 117 population-based studies and quantified, in different world regions, the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes, and whether those who were previously undiagnosed and detected as having diabetes in survey screening had elevated FPG, HbA1c, or both. We developed prediction equations for estimating the probability that a person without previously diagnosed diabetes, and at a specific level of FPG, had elevated HbA1c, and vice versa. The age-standardised proportion of diabetes that was previously undiagnosed, and detected in survey screening, ranged from 30% in the high-income western region to 66% in south Asia. Among those with screen-detected diabetes with either test, the agestandardised proportion who had elevated levels of both FPG and HbA1c was 29-39% across regions; the remainder had discordant elevation of FPG or HbA1c. In most low- and middle-income regions, isolated elevated HbA1c more common than isolated elevated FPG. In these regions, the use of FPG alone may delay diabetes diagnosis and underestimate diabetes prevalence. Our prediction equations help allocate finite resources for measuring HbA1c to reduce the global gap in diabetes diagnosis and surveillance.peer-reviewe

Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants.

BACKGROUND: Hypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments can effectively control hypertension. We aimed to measure the prevalence of hypertension and progress in its detection, treatment, and control from 1990 to 2019 for 200 countries and territories. METHODS: We used data from 1990 to 2019 on people aged 30-79 years from population-representative studies with measurement of blood pressure and data on blood pressure treatment. We defined hypertension as having systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg or greater, diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or greater, or taking medication for hypertension. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and the proportion of people with hypertension who had a previous diagnosis (detection), who were taking medication for hypertension (treatment), and whose hypertension was controlled to below 140/90 mm Hg (control). The model allowed for trends over time to be non-linear and to vary by age. FINDINGS: The number of people aged 30-79 years with hypertension doubled from 1990 to 2019, from 331 (95% credible interval 306-359) million women and 317 (292-344) million men in 1990 to 626 (584-668) million women and 652 (604-698) million men in 2019, despite stable global age-standardised prevalence. In 2019, age-standardised hypertension prevalence was lowest in Canada and Peru for both men and women; in Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, and some countries in western Europe including Switzerland, Spain, and the UK for women; and in several low-income and middle-income countries such as Eritrea, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Solomon Islands for men. Hypertension prevalence surpassed 50% for women in two countries and men in nine countries, in central and eastern Europe, central Asia, Oceania, and Latin America. Globally, 59% (55-62) of women and 49% (46-52) of men with hypertension reported a previous diagnosis of hypertension in 2019, and 47% (43-51) of women and 38% (35-41) of men were treated. Control rates among people with hypertension in 2019 were 23% (20-27) for women and 18% (16-21) for men. In 2019, treatment and control rates were highest in South Korea, Canada, and Iceland (treatment >70%; control >50%), followed by the USA, Costa Rica, Germany, Portugal, and Taiwan. Treatment rates were less than 25% for women and less than 20% for men in Nepal, Indonesia, and some countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Control rates were below 10% for women and men in these countries and for men in some countries in north Africa, central and south Asia, and eastern Europe. Treatment and control rates have improved in most countries since 1990, but we found little change in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Improvements were largest in high-income countries, central Europe, and some upper-middle-income and recently high-income countries including Costa Rica, Taiwan, Kazakhstan, South Africa, Brazil, Chile, Turkey, and Iran. INTERPRETATION: Improvements in the detection, treatment, and control of hypertension have varied substantially across countries, with some middle-income countries now outperforming most high-income nations. The dual approach of reducing hypertension prevalence through primary prevention and enhancing its treatment and control is achievable not only in high-income countries but also in low-income and middle-income settings. FUNDING: WHO

Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants

Background Hypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments can effectively control hypertension. We aimed to measure the prevalence of hypertension and progress in its detection, treatment, and control from 1990 to 2019 for 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 1990 to 2019 on people aged 30-79 years from population-representative studies with measurement of blood pressure and data on blood pressure treatment. We defined hypertension as having systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg or greater, diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or greater, or taking medication for hypertension. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and the proportion of people with hypertension who had a previous diagnosis (detection), who were taking medication for hypertension (treatment), and whose hypertension was controlled to below 140/90 mm Hg (control). The model allowed for trends over time to be non-linear and to vary by age. Findings The number of people aged 30-79 years with hypertension doubled from 1990 to 2019, from 331 (95% credible interval 306-359) million women and 317 (292-344) million men in 1990 to 626 (584-668) million women and 652 (604-698) million men in 2019, despite stable global age-standardised prevalence. In 2019, age-standardised hypertension prevalence was lowest in Canada and Peru for both men and women; in Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, and some countries in western Europe including Switzerland, Spain, and the UK for women; and in several low-income and middle-income countries such as Eritrea, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Solomon Islands for men. Hypertension prevalence surpassed 50% for women in two countries and men in nine countries, in central and eastern Europe, central Asia, Oceania, and Latin America. Globally, 59% (55-62) of women and 49% (46-52) of men with hypertension reported a previous diagnosis of hypertension in 2019, and 47% (43-51) of women and 38% (35-41) of men were treated. Control rates among people with hypertension in 2019 were 23% (20-27) for women and 18% (16-21) for men. In 2019, treatment and control rates were highest in South Korea, Canada, and Iceland (treatment >70%; control >50%), followed by the USA, Costa Rica, Germany, Portugal, and Taiwan. Treatment rates were less than 25% for women and less than 20% for men in Nepal, Indonesia, and some countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Control rates were below 10% for women and men in these countries and for men in some countries in north Africa, central and south Asia, and eastern Europe. Treatment and control rates have improved in most countries since 1990, but we found little change in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Improvements were largest in high-income countries, central Europe, and some upper-middle-income and recently high-income countries including Costa Rica, Taiwan, Kazakhstan, South Africa, Brazil, Chile, Turkey, and Iran. Interpretation Improvements in the detection, treatment, and control of hypertension have varied substantially across countries, with some middle-income countries now outperforming most high-income nations. The dual approach of reducing hypertension prevalence through primary prevention and enhancing its treatment and control is achievable not only in high-income countries but also in low-income and middle-income settings. Copyright (C) 2021 World Health Organization; licensee Elsevier

Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants

Background Hypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments can effectively control hypertension. We aimed to measure the prevalence of hypertension and progress in its detection, treatment, and control from 1990 to 2019 for 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 1990 to 2019 on people aged 30–79 years from population-representative studies with measurement of blood pressure and data on blood pressure treatment. We defined hypertension as having systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg or greater, diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or greater, or taking medication for hypertension. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and the proportion of people with hypertension who had a previous diagnosis (detection), who were taking medication for hypertension (treatment), and whose hypertension was controlled to below 140/90 mm Hg (control). The model allowed for trends over time to be non-linear and to vary by age. Findings The number of people aged 30–79 years with hypertension doubled from 1990 to 2019, from 331 (95% credible interval 306–359) million women and 317 (292–344) million men in 1990 to 626 (584–668) million women and 652 (604–698) million men in 2019, despite stable global age-standardised prevalence. In 2019, age-standardised hypertension prevalence was lowest in Canada and Peru for both men and women; in Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, and some countries in western Europe including Switzerland, Spain, and the UK for women; and in several low-income and middle-income countries such as Eritrea, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Solomon Islands for men. Hypertension prevalence surpassed 50% for women in two countries and men in nine countries, in central and eastern Europe, central Asia, Oceania, and Latin America. Globally, 59% (55–62) of women and 49% (46–52) of men with hypertension reported a previous diagnosis of hypertension in 2019, and 47% (43–51) of women and 38% (35–41) of men were treated. Control rates among people with hypertension in 2019 were 23% (20–27) for women and 18% (16–21) for men. In 2019, treatment and control rates were highest in South Korea, Canada, and Iceland (treatment >70%; control >50%), followed by the USA, Costa Rica, Germany, Portugal, and Taiwan. Treatment rates were less than 25% for women and less than 20% for men in Nepal, Indonesia, and some countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Control rates were below 10% for women and men in these countries and for men in some countries in north Africa, central and south Asia, and eastern Europe. Treatment and control rates have improved in most countries since 1990, but we found little change in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Improvements were largest in high-income countries, central Europe, and some upper-middle-income and recently high-income countries including Costa Rica, Taiwan, Kazakhstan, South Africa, Brazil, Chile, Turkey, and Iran. Interpretation Improvements in the detection, treatment, and control of hypertension have varied substantially across countries, with some middle-income countries now outperforming most high-income nations. The dual approach of reducing hypertension prevalence through primary prevention and enhancing its treatment and control is achievable not only in high-income countries but also in low-income and middle-income settings

Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants

Background Hypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments can effectively control hypertension. We aimed to measure the prevalence of hypertension and progress in its detection, treatment, and control from 1990 to 2019 for 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 1990 to 2019 on people aged 30–79 years from population-representative studies with measurement of blood pressure and data on blood pressure treatment. We defined hypertension as having systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg or greater, diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or greater, or taking medication for hypertension. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and the proportion of people with hypertension who had a previous diagnosis (detection), who were taking medication for hypertension (treatment), and whose hypertension was controlled to below 140/90 mm Hg (control). The model allowed for trends over time to be non-linear and to vary by age. Findings The number of people aged 30–79 years with hypertension doubled from 1990 to 2019, from 331 (95% credible interval 306–359) million women and 317 (292–344) million men in 1990 to 626 (584–668) million women and 652 (604–698) million men in 2019, despite stable global age-standardised prevalence. In 2019, age-standardised hypertension prevalence was lowest in Canada and Peru for both men and women; in Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, and some countries in western Europe including Switzerland, Spain, and the UK for women; and in several low-income and middle-income countries such as Eritrea, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Solomon Islands for men. Hypertension prevalence surpassed 50% for women in two countries and men in nine countries, in central and eastern Europe, central Asia, Oceania, and Latin America. Globally, 59% (55–62) of women and 49% (46–52) of men with hypertension reported a previous diagnosis of hypertension in 2019, and 47% (43–51) of women and 38% (35–41) of men were treated. Control rates among people with hypertension in 2019 were 23% (20–27) for women and 18% (16–21) for men. In 2019, treatment and control rates were highest in South Korea, Canada, and Iceland (treatment >70%; control >50%), followed by the USA, Costa Rica, Germany, Portugal, and Taiwan. Treatment rates were less than 25% for women and less than 20% for men in Nepal, Indonesia, and some countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Control rates were below 10% for women and men in these countries and for men in some countries in north Africa, central and south Asia, and eastern Europe. Treatment and control rates have improved in most countries since 1990, but we found little change in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Improvements were largest in high-income countries, central Europe, and some upper-middle-income and recently high-income countries including Costa Rica, Taiwan, Kazakhstan, South Africa, Brazil, Chile, Turkey, and Iran. Interpretation Improvements in the detection, treatment, and control of hypertension have varied substantially across countries, with some middle-income countries now outperforming most high-income nations. The dual approach of reducing hypertension prevalence through primary prevention and enhancing its treatment and control is achievable not only in high-income countries but also in low-income and middle-income settings