The pattern of notification and testing for genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection in Victoria, 1998–2000: an ecological analysis

Abstract Objective:This ecological study analyses routinely collected chlamydia notification and testing data to investigate any patterns. Methods:Age and sex‐specific chlamydia notification and testing rates for Victoria were calculated for the period 1998 to 2000. Results:Chlamydia notification and testing rates rose between 1998 and 2000. Notification rates were higher among women aged 15 to 24 years than men of the same age (p<0.01) and higher among 25 to 44‐year‐olds living in metropolitan rather than rural/regional Victoria (p<0.01). Testing rates were higher for women than men (p<0.01) and higher in metropolitan rather than rural/regional areas (p<0.01) in all groups except women aged 15–24 years. Conclusions:These increasing rates highlight that chlamydia infection represents a substantial public health problem. Implications:Although these data provide useful information showing these rates vary with age and sex, formal epidemiological prevalence and risk factor studies are required

Physical activity and exercise for the prevention and management of mild cognitive impairment and dementia: a collaborative international guideline.

peer reviewed[en] BACKGROUND: Physical activity and exercise have been suggested as effective interventions for the prevention and management of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia, but there are no international guidelines. OBJECTIVES: To create a set of evidence- and expert consensus-based prevention and management recommendations regarding physical activity (any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that results in energy expenditure) and exercise (a subset of physical activity that is planned, structured, repetitive), applicable to a range of individuals from healthy older adults to those with MCI/dementia. METHODS: Guideline content was developed with input from several scientific and lay representatives' societies. A systematic search across multidisciplinary databases was carried out until October 2021. Recommendations for prevention and management were developed according to the GRADE and complemented by consensus statements from the expert panels. RECOMMENDATIONS: Physical activity may be considered for the primary prevention of dementia. In people with MCI there is continued uncertainty about the role of physical activity in slowing the conversion to dementia. Mind-body interventions have the greatest supporting evidence. In people with moderate dementia, exercise may be used for maintaining disability and cognition. All these recommendations were based on a very low/low certainty of evidence. CONCLUSIONS: Although the scientific evidence on the beneficial role of physical activity and exercise in preserving cognitive functions in subjects with normal cognition, MCI or dementia is inconclusive, this panel, composed of scientific societies and other stakeholders, recommends their implementation based on their beneficial effects on almost all facets of health