Bell's inequalities for states with positive partial transpose

We study violations of n particle Bell inequalities (as developed by Mermin and Klyshko) under the assumption that suitable partial transposes of the density operator are positive. If all transposes with respect to a partition of the system into p subsystems are positive, the best upper bound on the violation is 2^((n-p)/2). In particular, if the partial transposes with respect to all subsystems are positive, the inequalities are satisfied. This is supporting evidence for a recent conjecture by Peres that positivity of partial transposes could be equivalent to existence of local classical models.Comment: 4 pages, REVTe

Separability and entanglement in 2x3xN composite quantum systems

The separability and entanglement of quantum mixed states in \Cb^2 \otimes \Cb^3 \otimes \Cb^N composite quantum systems are investigated. It is shown that all quantum states $\rho$ with positive partial transposes and rank $r(\rho)\leq N$ are separable.Comment: Latex, 15 page

Quantum state engineering assisted by entanglement

We suggest a general scheme for quantum state engineering based on conditional measurements carried out on entangled twin-beam of radiation. Realistic detection schemes such as {\sc on/off} photodetection, homodyne detection and joint measurement of two-mode quadratures are analyzed in details. Imperfections of the apparatuses, such as nonunit quantum efficiency and finite resolution, are taken into account. We show that conditional {\sc on/off} photodetection provides a reliable scheme to verify nonclassicality, whereas conditional homodyning represents a tunable and robust source of squeezed light. We also describe optical teleportation as a conditional measurement, and evaluate the degrading effects of finite amount of entanglement, decoherence due to losses, and nonunit quantum efficiency.Comment: Some pics with low resolution. Originals at http://www.qubit.i

Current options of making implant supported prosthetic restorations to mitigate the impact of occlusal forces

Rezumat. Lipsa ţesutului parodontal pentru un implant dentar poate duce la o concentraţie mare de stres la nivelul osului, atunci când implanturile sunt încărcate protetic. Prezentul articol discută posibilităţile curente ale realizării protezelor cu suport pe implant, pentru a diminua impactul forţelor ocluzale. Stratul de ciment poate servi ca un absorbant pentru tensiune, dar rolul acestuia este redus și există riscul de reţinere al excesului de ciment în ţesutul peri-implantar. Utilizarea materialelor rășinice pentru faţetarea restaurărilor protetice cu suport pe implant a fost sugerată de-a lungul multor ani, dar rolul lor este important în cazul unei proteze ale arcadei totale fixate pe implante, cu canelură distală și mai puţin în restaurările pe un singur implant. În zilele noastre, materiale noi, cum ar fi compozitele armate cu fibră și polimerii de înaltă performanţă ca PEEK pot fi utilizate pentru scheletul restaurărilor cu suport pe implant, dar și pentru realizarea stâlpului restaurărilor protetice cu suport pe implant.Summary. The lack of a periodontium for a dental implant may lead to high stress concentration at the bone level when the implants are prosthetically loaded. The present paper discusses the current possibilities of implant supported prosthesis making in order to mitigate the impact of occlusal forces. The cement layer may serve as an absorber for the strain, but its role is reduced and poses the risk of excess cement retained in the peri-implant tissue. The use of resin materials for the implant supported prosthetic restorations veneering it has been suggested for many years, but their role it is important in the case of full-arch fixed implant-supported prosthesis with cantilever distal extensions and less in single implant restorations. Nowadays, new materials like fiber-reinforced composites and high-performance polymers as PEEK may be used for the framework of the implant supported prosthetic restorations, but also for the implant or the prosthetic abutment realization

Accessory mitral valve tissue causing severe left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in a post-Senning patient with transposition of the great arteries

Accessory mitral valve tissue is a rare congenital anomaly associated with congenital cardiac defects and is usually detected in the first decade of life. We describe the case of an 18-year old post-Senning asymptomatic patient who was found to have accessory mitral valve tissue on transthoracic echocardiography producing severe left ventricular outflow tract obstruction

Fitting the integrated Spectral Energy Distributions of Galaxies

Fitting the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of galaxies is an almost universally used technique that has matured significantly in the last decade. Model predictions and fitting procedures have improved significantly over this time, attempting to keep up with the vastly increased volume and quality of available data. We review here the field of SED fitting, describing the modelling of ultraviolet to infrared galaxy SEDs, the creation of multiwavelength data sets, and the methods used to fit model SEDs to observed galaxy data sets. We touch upon the achievements and challenges in the major ingredients of SED fitting, with a special emphasis on describing the interplay between the quality of the available data, the quality of the available models, and the best fitting technique to use in order to obtain a realistic measurement as well as realistic uncertainties. We conclude that SED fitting can be used effectively to derive a range of physical properties of galaxies, such as redshift, stellar masses, star formation rates, dust masses, and metallicities, with care taken not to over-interpret the available data. Yet there still exist many issues such as estimating the age of the oldest stars in a galaxy, finer details ofdust properties and dust-star geometry, and the influences of poorly understood, luminous stellar types and phases. The challenge for the coming years will be to improve both the models and the observational data sets to resolve these uncertainties. The present review will be made available on an interactive, moderated web page (sedfitting.org), where the community can access and change the text. The intention is to expand the text and keep it up to date over the coming years.Comment: 54 pages, 26 figures, Accepted for publication in Astrophysics & Space Scienc

Observation of a new chi_b state in radiative transitions to Upsilon(1S) and Upsilon(2S) at ATLAS

The chi_b(nP) quarkonium states are produced in proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV and recorded by the ATLAS detector. Using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.4 fb^-1, these states are reconstructed through their radiative decays to Upsilon(1S,2S) with Upsilon->mu+mu-. In addition to the mass peaks corresponding to the decay modes chi_b(1P,2P)->Upsilon(1S)gamma, a new structure centered at a mass of 10.530+/-0.005 (stat.)+/-0.009 (syst.) GeV is also observed, in both the Upsilon(1S)gamma and Upsilon(2S)gamma decay modes. This is interpreted as the chi_b(3P) system.Comment: 5 pages plus author list (18 pages total), 2 figures, 1 table, corrected author list, matches final version in Physical Review Letter

Search for displaced vertices arising from decays of new heavy particles in 7 TeV pp collisions at ATLAS

We present the results of a search for new, heavy particles that decay at a significant distance from their production point into a final state containing charged hadrons in association with a high-momentum muon. The search is conducted in a pp-collision data sample with a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV and an integrated luminosity of 33 pb^-1 collected in 2010 by the ATLAS detector operating at the Large Hadron Collider. Production of such particles is expected in various scenarios of physics beyond the standard model. We observe no signal and place limits on the production cross-section of supersymmetric particles in an R-parity-violating scenario as a function of the neutralino lifetime. Limits are presented for different squark and neutralino masses, enabling extension of the limits to a variety of other models.Comment: 8 pages plus author list (20 pages total), 8 figures, 1 table, final version to appear in Physics Letters

Reducing heterotic M-theory to five dimensional supergravity on a manifold with boundary

This paper constructs the reduction of heterotic $M$-theory in eleven dimensions to a supergravity model on a manifold with boundary in five dimensions using a Calabi-Yau three-fold. New results are presented for the boundary terms in the action and for the boundary conditions on the bulk fields. Some general features of dualisation on a manifold with boundary are used to explain the origin of some topological terms in the action. The effect of gaugino condensation on the fermion boundary conditions leads to a `twist' in the chirality of the gravitino which can provide an uplifting mechanism in the vacuum energy to cancel the cosmological constant after moduli stabilisation.Comment: 16 pages, RevTe