Percursos (d)e construção de conhecimento a partir da abordagem da Matemática em contexto pré-escolar

Assumindo que a Matemática é determinante para a estruturação do pensamento humano, entendemos que os processos que visam a sua aprendizagem devem despertar desde cedo a curiosidade para esta área e promover o desenvolvimento de competências para a resolução de situações que contribuam para a compreensão do mundo natural, cultural e social. Caberá, por isso, aos educadores estimular o gosto pelos desafios de natureza lógico-matemática e criar condições potenciadoras da construção compreensiva do conhecimento matemático, apoiando o pensamento das crianças e colocando questões que lhes proporcionem a estruturação desse mesmo conhecimento. O presente relatório é produto final de uma trajetória de investigação realizada no âmbito da componente de Prática de Ensino Supervisionada em Educação de Infância do Mestrado em Educação Pré-Escolar, na Escola Superior de Educação de Paula Frassinetti. Com a sua realização, pretendeu-se concretizar um percurso formativo e investigativo baseado num processo de intervenção educativa implementado em uma instituição particular de solidariedade social em contexto de Jardim de Infância. Para esse efeito, procedeu-se a um estudo empírico de natureza qualitativa matizado por contornos de investigação-ação, opção metodológica que permitiu descrever e estimar tanto o desenvolvimento de atividades e aprendizagens de natureza lógico-matemática realizadas pelas crianças como o trajeto de desenvolvimento profissional docente resultante da reflexão sobre a prática pedagógica realizada. Como principal conclusão, referem-se a importância da realização de atividades matemáticas devidamente estruturadas para um desenvolvimento equilibrado das crianças e o contributo da prática reflexiva sistemática na apropriação crítica de saberes disciplinares, sobre currículo, sobre modos de pensamento e de aprendizagem, eixos essenciais ao desenvolvimento profissional docenteAssuming that Mathematics is determinant for the structuring of human thought, we understand that mathematics learning processes for early years should awaken curiosity for this area and promote skills development to solve situations that contribute to the understanding of the natural, cultural and social world. It will, therefore, be for educators to stimulate the taste for challenges of logical-mathematical nature and to create conditions that enable a comprehensive construction of mathematical knowledge, supporting children's thinking and asking questions that allow them to structure of that knowledge. This report is the final product of a research trajectory carried out within the framework of the Supervised Teaching Practice in Childhood Education, component of the Master's Degree in Pre-School Education at Higher School of Education of Paula Frassinetti. With its accomplishment, it was intended to materialize a formative and investigative path based on an educational intervention process implemented in a private institution of social solidarity in kindergarten context. For this purpose, we proceeded to an empirical study of qualitative nature nuanced by contours of action-research, a methodological option that allowed to describe and estimate both the development and the learning of mathematical activities carried out by the children and professional development teacher trajectory resulting from the reflection on the pedagogical practice performed. As a main conclusion, we mention the importance of conducting properly structured mathematical activities for a balanced children development and the contribution of systematic reflective practice in critical appropriation of disciplinary knowledge, about curriculum, about ways of thinking and learning, essential axes to teacher professional developmen

Indicações da fototerapia em recém-nascidos com icterícia / Indications for phototherapy in newborns with jaundice

A fototerapia é um método eficaz, não invasivo de alto impacto, sem restrições enquanto a sua utilização independente da idade gestacional, comorbidades ou nível de pigmentação cutânea, tratamento utilizado para redução de bilirrubina usado devido a sua alta eficiência e ausência de efeitos adversos. Analisar as evidências científicas publicadas sobre as indicações da fototerapia em recém–nascidos com icterícia. Trata de uma revisão bibliográfica do método revisão integrativa de literatura, realizado no período compreendido entre os meses de janeiro a abril de 2021. A busca efetuou-se, através da BVS, utilizando as bases de dados LILACS, MEDLINE, e por meio do SCIELO. Aderindo-se através dos descritores/palavras chaves: “Fototerapia”, “Icterícia Neonatal”, “Terapêutica”, “Diagnóstico”, “Cuidados de Enfermagem”, combinados entre si com o operador booleano “AND”. Os profissionais da equipe de enfermagem são responsáveis pelo recebimento e preparação do recém-nascido para a terapêutica, bem como, preparam os aparelhos que serão usados para a fototerapia, como os focos de luz, as incubadoras, entre outros. Evidenciou-se que a fototerapia é utilizada como forma de tratamento mais eficaz no controle da hiperbilirrubinemia. Sendo indicada nas doenças hemolíticas ou não, incompatibilidade fator Rh e grupo ABO. Embora seja frequente o uso da técnica em neonatos, deve-se enquanto profissionais se atentar aos sinais e sintomas, como também os fatores de risco no manejo da técnica, intervir elaborando uma rotina para o controle e manutenção dos equipamentos, observando criteriosamente o tipo de aparelhos utilizados e se atentar a distância ideal das lâmpadas sob o RN, avaliando sempre possíveis complicações durante o tratamento

Mundos em miniatura: aproximação a alguns aspectos da cartografia portuguesa do Brasil (séculos XVI a XVIII)

This paper discusses the challenges of "miniaturizing" the world in Portuguese cartography at the dawn of the Modern Age. It draws attention to the process of amassing experience and geographic knowledge, and their deployment in the cartographic representations of Brazil throughout the first three centuries of its colonization

SARS-CoV-2 introductions and early dynamics of the epidemic in Portugal

Genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Portugal was rapidly implemented by the National Institute of Health in the early stages of the COVID-19 epidemic, in collaboration with more than 50 laboratories distributed nationwide. Methods By applying recent phylodynamic models that allow integration of individual-based travel history, we reconstructed and characterized the spatio-temporal dynamics of SARSCoV-2 introductions and early dissemination in Portugal. Results We detected at least 277 independent SARS-CoV-2 introductions, mostly from European countries (namely the United Kingdom, Spain, France, Italy, and Switzerland), which were consistent with the countries with the highest connectivity with Portugal. Although most introductions were estimated to have occurred during early March 2020, it is likely that SARS-CoV-2 was silently circulating in Portugal throughout February, before the first cases were confirmed. Conclusions Here we conclude that the earlier implementation of measures could have minimized the number of introductions and subsequent virus expansion in Portugal. This study lays the foundation for genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Portugal, and highlights the need for systematic and geographically-representative genomic surveillance.We gratefully acknowledge to Sara Hill and Nuno Faria (University of Oxford) and Joshua Quick and Nick Loman (University of Birmingham) for kindly providing us with the initial sets of Artic Network primers for NGS; Rafael Mamede (MRamirez team, IMM, Lisbon) for developing and sharing a bioinformatics script for sequence curation (https://github.com/rfm-targa/BioinfUtils); Philippe Lemey (KU Leuven) for providing guidance on the implementation of the phylodynamic models; Joshua L. Cherry (National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health) for providing guidance with the subsampling strategies; and all authors, originating and submitting laboratories who have contributed genome data on GISAID (https://www.gisaid.org/) on which part of this research is based. The opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the view of the National Institutes of Health, the Department of Health and Human Services, or the United States government. This study is co-funded by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia and Agência de Investigação Clínica e Inovação Biomédica (234_596874175) on behalf of the Research 4 COVID-19 call. Some infrastructural resources used in this study come from the GenomePT project (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022184), supported by COMPETE 2020 - Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation (POCI), Lisboa Portugal Regional Operational Programme (Lisboa2020), Algarve Portugal Regional Operational Programme (CRESC Algarve2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), and by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Photography-based taxonomy is inadequate, unnecessary, and potentially harmful for biological sciences

The question whether taxonomic descriptions naming new animal species without type specimen(s) deposited in collections should be accepted for publication by scientific journals and allowed by the Code has already been discussed in Zootaxa (Dubois & Nemésio 2007; Donegan 2008, 2009; Nemésio 2009a–b; Dubois 2009; Gentile & Snell 2009; Minelli 2009; Cianferoni & Bartolozzi 2016; Amorim et al. 2016). This question was again raised in a letter supported by 35 signatories published in the journal Nature (Pape et al. 2016) on 15 September 2016. On 25 September 2016, the following rebuttal (strictly limited to 300 words as per the editorial rules of Nature) was submitted to Nature, which on 18 October 2016 refused to publish it. As we think this problem is a very important one for zoological taxonomy, this text is published here exactly as submitted to Nature, followed by the list of the 493 taxonomists and collection-based researchers who signed it in the short time span from 20 September to 6 October 2016

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

Surveillance of Human Astrovirus Infection in Brazil: The First Report of MLB1 Astrovirus

Submitted by sandra infurna ([email protected]) on 2016-05-17T12:37:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 mariadapenha_xavier_etal_IOC_2015.pdf: 2483005 bytes, checksum: afda9c7512fa155a70477d1cba54ffa4 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by sandra infurna ([email protected]) on 2016-05-17T12:51:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 mariadapenha_xavier_etal_IOC_2015.pdf: 2483005 bytes, checksum: afda9c7512fa155a70477d1cba54ffa4 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-17T12:51:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 mariadapenha_xavier_etal_IOC_2015.pdf: 2483005 bytes, checksum: afda9c7512fa155a70477d1cba54ffa4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Human astrovirus (HAstV) represents the third most common virus associated with acute diarrhea (AD). This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of HAstV infection in Brazilian children under 5 years of age with AD, investigate the presence of recently described HAstV strains, through extensive laboratory-based surveillance of enteric viral agents in three Brazilian coastal regions between 2005 and 2011. Using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), the overall HAstV detection rate reached 7.1% (207/ 2.913) with percentage varying according to the geographic region: 3.9% (36/921) in the northeast, 7.9% in the south (71/903) and 9.2% in the southeast (100/1.089) (p < 0.001). HAstV were detected in cases of all age groups. Detection rates were slightly higher during the spring. Nucleotide sequence analysis of a 320-bp ORF2 fragment revealed that HAstV- 1 was the predominant genotype throughout the seven years of the study. The novel AstVMLB1 was detected in two children with AD from a subset of 200 samples tested, demonstrating the circulation of this virus both the in northeastern and southeastern regions of Brazil. These results provide additional epidemiological and molecular data on HAstV circulation in three Brazilian coastal regions, highlighting its potential to cause infantile AD

Map of the Brazilian coastal regions, showing the HAstV genotype distributions during 2005–2011.

<p>Map of the Brazilian coastal regions, showing the HAstV genotype distributions during 2005–2011.</p

Seasonality of HAstV in cases of acute diarrhea.

<p><b>Laboratory-based HAstV in three Brazilian regions, between 2005 and 2011.</b> The rate of HAstV detection by month and number of HAstV-positive samples. Each month represents cumulative observations.</p

Clinical manifestations of HAstV cases according to age group.

<p>Clinical manifestations of HAstV cases according to age group.</p