Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) in three agroecosystems with grass colosoana (Bothriochloa pertusa (L) A. Camus) in the department of Sucre

 El presente estudio evaluó la diversidad de hongos formadores de micorrizas arbusculares (HMA) asociadas a suelos de tres ecosistemas cultivados con pasto colosoana en tres localidades del departamento de Sucre, Colombia. Se recolectaron muestras de suelo, se aislaron esporas de HMA, se realizó conteo de espora y se identificaron morfotipos a nivel de especie y/o géneros. Se encontró que el género de HMA que más predomina en los suelos compactados y nativos de los tres municipios seleccionados es el género Glomus, seguido de otros géneros en menor proporción. En general los suelos que presentaron mayor riqueza de géneros de HMA fueron los del municipio de San Marcos, mientras que la menor riqueza se encontró en el municipio de Sincelejo.The present study evaluated the diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) associated soils from three ecosystems grown with pasture colosoana in three localities of the Department of Sucre, Colombia. Soil samples were collected, AMF spores isolated, count of spore was made and morphotypes isolated were classification at the level of species or genera. We found that the genus of AMF over prevailing in native and compacted soils in the three selected municipalities is the genus Glomus, followed by other genera to a lesser extent. In general the soils that presented greater wealth of genres of HMA were those of the municipality of San Marcos, while the lowest richness was found in the municipality of Sincelejo

Hydrogen bonding interactions in fluorinated 1,2,3-triazole derivatives

The study of the intra- and intermolecular interactions in the solid state of four related fluorine-containing 1,2,3-triazole derivatives (1: R = -H,2: R = -NO2,3: R = -CH3,4: R = -Cl) was carried out using quantum chemical calculations, vibrational (IR and Raman) and solid phase UV-vis spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods. The enol-keto/keto-enol tautomerism on theo-hydroxyacetophenone moiety was analyzed in terms of the synergy between O-H⋯O intramolecular hydrogen bond strengthening and the enhancement of π delocalization within the pseudo ring. The preference of the enol-keto form was attributed to the aromatic stabilization energy. The proton in the triazole ring was located on the intermediate nitrogen atom, with no evidence of prototropy in the studied series. Compounds1and4have similar structural motifs with N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds connecting amino and carbonyl groups of neighboring molecules in a chain along thea-axis. For2, it was found that both oxygen atoms of the nitro substituent participate as acceptors, connecting adjacent molecules by hydrogen bonds through the N-H and O-H groups. In compound3, the crystallization water molecule dominates the hydrogen bonding interactions, which associates three molecules of3, giving rise to a three-dimensional H-bonding network. These intra and intermolecular interactions, which affect the absorption band locations of the involved groups, were also detected in the vibrational spectra of the studied triazoles.Fil: Espitia Cogollo, Edeimis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Química Inorgánica "Dr. Pedro J. Aymonino". Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Química Inorgánica "Dr. Pedro J. Aymonino"; ArgentinaFil: Piro, Oscar Enrique. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Departamento de Física; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Física La Plata. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Física La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Echeverría, Gustavo Alberto. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Departamento de Física; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Física La Plata. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Física La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Tuttolomondo, María Eugenia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Química del Noroeste. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Química del Noroeste; ArgentinaFil: Perez, Hiram. Universidad de La Habana; CubaFil: Jios, Jorge Luis. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Departamento de Química; Argentina. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Ulic, Sonia Elizabeth. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Química Inorgánica "Dr. Pedro J. Aymonino". Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Química Inorgánica "Dr. Pedro J. Aymonino"; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Luján. Departamento de Ciencias Básicas; Argentin

El fútbol de salón como estrategia para mejorar la convivencia escolar de los estudiantes del grado Quinto A de la Institución Educativa Alianza del municipio de San Andrés de Sotavento, Córdoba.

La presente investigación es pertinente y necesaria porque se utilizaría el futsal como una estrategia para mejorar la convivencia de los estudiantes del grado quinto (5º) de la Institución Educativa Alianza y al mismo tiempo se estaría fortaleciendo las capacidades, destrezas y habilidades motrices como la fuerza, resistencia, velocidad, flexibilidad, coordinación, equilibrio, potencia y agilidad entre otras.This research is pertinent and necessary because futsal would be used as a strategy to improve the coexistence of students in the fifth (5th) grade of the Alianza Educational Institution and at the same time the capacities would be strengthened, motor skills and abilities such as strength, endurance, speed, flexibility, coordination, balance, power and agility among others

Análisis de los cuellos de botella en la logística internacional de las Pymes de confecciones en Colombia.

El diseño de la red estructural de caso tratado “Análisis de los cuellos de botella en la logística internacional de las pymes de confecciones en Colombia,” nos permite aplicar todos los conocimientos adquiridos durante el transcurso del diplomado Supply Chain Management implementando los recursos necesarios para identificar las falencias en la cadena de abastecimiento para tener mejor análisis, planificación, organización y visión a la hora de participar de proyectos empresariales enfocándonos en llevar a las empresas a una participación y competitividad optimas que les permitan manejar los entornos macroeconómicos nacionales e internacionales generando actividad económica al país. El evidenciar las falencias y estancamientos de la cadena de abastecimiento permitirá el sector textil y confecciones manejar los nuevos modelos de dentro del sistema que permitan desarrollar estrategias de innovación elevando la competitividad de las empresas a nivel internacional.The design of the structural network of the case treated "Analysis of bottlenecks in the international logistics of clothing SMEs in Colombia", allows us to apply all the knowledge acquired during the course of the diploma Supply Chain Management implementing resources necessary to identify the shortcomings in the supply chain to have better analysis, planning, organization and vision when participating in business projects focusing on carrying out the companies to an optimal participation and competitiveness that allows them to manage the national macroeconomic environments and international generating economic activity to the country. The evidence of the shortcomings and stagnations of the selected supply chain in the textile and clothing sector is to handle the new development system models that could develop innovation strategies, raising the competitiveness of companies internationally

Integración de Repositorios Digitales para la Gestión del Conocimiento en el ámbito universitario Colombiano

This article presents the steps to realize the changes of integration and migration of information of digital repositories in different platforms of Open Source (Open Source) in order to guarantee the standardization of any proper informatic solutions of the Universities of High School (UHS). In addition to improving the access to the application preventing persons not authorized to the UHS from registering inside the system. Addition to this problem, it exists the one that hasappearing inside the Information Technologies and the Communications (ITCs), with the heyday of information that is registered second to second on a global scale by the phenomenon of the Web 2.0 [9]. Information that in most cases cannot be re-used so much by research centers and/or academic sector after there did not exist suitable informatic tools that allow to centralize the knowledge management in a certain place and of way specialized according to the different Basic Nuclei of the Knowledge (BNK) that exist inside the educational sector [5], without forgetting also the costs in the licenses of software that could exist. Although the movements of the free software [6] 7] and with the open source [8], which must not make a mistake, they have provided some informatic tools for the knowledge management; in most cases this tools cannot integrate between themselves with other information systems who has an UHS, due to few documentation that exists and/or to the only specification started to a certain computer language and/or engine of database and/or technological platform with which they were developed, between others. Forcing that in a certain UHS has to realize different implementations decentralized with redundant information in his information systems, without these being synchronized with other informatic solutions that the same institution has.Este artículo presenta los pasos para realizar los cambios de integración y migración de información de los repositorios digitales en diversas plataformas de código abierto (Open Source) con el fin de garantizar la estandarización de las soluciones informáticas propias de las Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES). Además de mejorar el acceso a la aplicación impendiendo que personas no autorizadas a la IES se registren dentro del sistema. Adición a este problema, existe el que se viene presentando dentro de las Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones (TICs), con el auge de información que es registrada segundo a segundo a nivel mundial por el fenómeno de la Web 2.0 [9]. Información que en la mayoría de los casos no puede ser reutilizada tanto por centros de investigación y/o sector académico al no existir adecuadas herramientas informáticas que permitan centralizar la gestión del conocimiento en un determinado sitio y de manera especializada según los diferentes Núcleos Básicos del Conocimiento (NBC) que existen dentro del sector educativo [5], sin olvidar además los costos en las licencias de software que puedan existir. Pese a que los movimientos del software libre [6][7] y del código abierto [8], los que no se deben confundir, hayan suministrado algunas herramientas informáticas para la gestión del conocimiento; en la mayoría de los casos estas herramientas no se pueden integrar entre sí con otros sistemas de información que tenga una IES, debido a la poca documentación que existe y/o a la especificación única dada a un determinado lenguaje de programación y/o motor de base de datos y/o plataforma tecnológica con que fueron desarrollados, entre otros. Obligando a que en una determinada IES tenga que realizar diferentes implementaciones descentralizadas con información redundante en sus sistemas de información, sin que éstas estén sincronizadas con otras soluciones informáticas que tenga la misma institución

Gestión Logística en la Industria de las Flores en Colombia

Este documento es un proyecto en el que se aplica y analiza todo el conocimiento del curso de Gestión de la Cadena de Suministro y la profundización logística, en el que se analiza y estudia la situación actual del sistema logístico implementado por la industria de las flores en Colombia. Donde se analizan puntos como producción, ventas y distribución con los que trabaja la industria de la flor de Colom-bian, para proponer estrategias correctivas para mejorar y lograr una mejor rentabilidad, según sea el caso. También analizará las competencias y los sistemas logísticos en términos de la forma de transporte, información, tecnología, tiempo y distribución entre la industria de flores de diferentes países para hacer una comparación, y luego propondrá y diseñará un plan de mejora en logística. Actualmente gestionado por las industrias de flores colombianas.This document is a project in which all the knowledge of the Supply Chain Management and logistics deepening course is applied and analyzed, in which the current situa-tion of the logistics system implemented by the flower industry in Colombia is analyzed and stud-ied. Where are analyzed points such as production, sales and distribution with which the Colom-bian flower industry is working, to propose corrective strategies to improve and achieve better profitability, as the case may be. It will also analyze the competencies and logistics systems in terms of the form of transport, information, technology, timing and distribution among the flower industry of dif-ferent countries in order to make a comparison, and then propose and design an improvement plan in logistics currently managed by Colombian flower industrie

The effects of retinol oral supplementation in 6-hydroxydopamine dopaminergic denervation model in Wistar rats

Vitamin A (retinol) is involved in signaling pathways regulating gene expression and was postulated to be a major antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compound of the diet. Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by loss of nigral dopaminergic neurons, involving oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory activation. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of retinol oral supplementation against 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA, 12 μg per rat) nigrostriatal dopaminergic denervation in Wistar rats. Animals supplemented with retinol (retinyl palmitate, 3000 IU/kg/day) during 28 days exhibited increased retinol content in liver, although circulating retinol levels (serum) were unaltered. Retinol supplementation did not protect against the loss of dopaminergic neurons (assessed through tyrosine hydroxylase immunofluorescence and Western blot). Retinol supplementation prevented the effect of 6-OHDA on Iba-1 levels but had no effect on 6-OHDA-induced GFAP increase. Moreover, GFAP levels were increased by retinol supplementation alone. Rats pre-treated with retinol did not present oxidative damage or thiol redox modifications in liver, and the circulating levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 were unaltered by retinol supplementation, demonstrating that the protocol used here did not cause systemic toxicity to animals. Our results indicate that oral retinol supplementation is not able to protect against 6-OHDA-induced dopaminergic denervation, and it may actually stimulate astrocyte reactivity without altering parameters of systemic toxicity

Hydrogel as an alternative structure for food packaging systems

Hydrogels are three-dimensional, hydrophilic networks, comprising polymeric chains linked through physical or chemical bonds. In the area of food, hydrogels have great potential to be used in food packaging systems or as carriers of bioactive components. This paper reviews the nature of hydrogels, their 3D network conformation, their functional properties, and their potential applications in food packaging systems. Regarding their potential food packaging applications, hydrogels can present a conformation which allows their use as part of a packaging system to control the humidity generated by food products with high water content. Moreover, the incorporation of nanoparticles into hydrogels may grant them antimicrobial activity. Finally, although the current research in this field is still limited, the results obtained so far are promising for innovative and potential applications in the food field, which also include their integration into intelligent food packaging systems and their direct incorporation into food matrices as a flavor carrier system.RA Batista is thankful for the support provided by the Municipal Secretary of Education of Itaporanga D'Ajuda - Sergipe, State Secretary of Education of Sergipe, National Council of Technological and Scientific Development (CNPq). PJP Espitia thanks the National Bureau for the Development of Science and Technology in Colombia (COLCIENCIAS) and Universidad del Atlántico. JA Teixeira thanks the Centre of Biological Engineering - University of Minho. JC Cardoso thanks the National Council of Technological and Scientific Development (CNPq) and the Foundation for Research and Technological Innovation Support of the State of Sergipe (Fapitec).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Progressive Visceral Leishmaniasis Is Driven by Dominant Parasite-induced STAT6 Activation and STAT6-dependent Host Arginase 1 Expression

The clinicopathological features of the hamster model of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) closely mimic active human disease. Studies in humans and hamsters indicate that the inability to control parasite replication in VL could be related to ineffective classical macrophage activation. Therefore, we hypothesized that the pathogenesis of VL might be driven by a program of alternative macrophage activation. Indeed, the infected hamster spleen showed low NOS2 but high arg1 enzyme activity and protein and mRNA expression (p<0.001) and increased polyamine synthesis (p<0.05). Increased arginase activity was also evident in macrophages isolated from the spleens of infected hamsters (p<0.05), and arg1 expression was induced by L. donovani in primary hamster peritoneal macrophages (p<0.001) and fibroblasts (p<0.01), and in a hamster fibroblast cell line (p<0.05), without synthesis of endogenous IL-4 or IL-13 or exposure to exogenous cytokines. miRNAi-mediated selective knockdown of hamster arginase 1 (arg1) in BHK cells led to increased generation of nitric oxide and reduced parasite burden (p<0.005). Since many of the genes involved in alternative macrophage activation are regulated by Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription-6 (STAT6), and because the parasite-induced expression of arg1 occurred in the absence of exogenous IL-4, we considered the possibility that L. donovani was directly activating STAT6. Indeed, exposure of hamster fibroblasts or macrophages to L. donovani resulted in dose-dependent STAT6 activation, even without the addition of exogenous cytokines. Knockdown of hamster STAT6 in BHK cells with miRNAi resulted in reduced arg1 mRNA expression and enhanced control of parasite replication (p<0.0001). Collectively these data indicate that L. donovani infection induces macrophage STAT6 activation and STAT6-dependent arg1 expression, which do not require but are amplified by type 2 cytokines, and which contribute to impaired control of infection

Syrian Hamster as an Animal Model for the Study on Infectious Diseases

Infectious diseases still remain one of the biggest challenges for human health. In order to gain a better understanding of the pathogenesis of infectious diseases and develop effective diagnostic tools, therapeutic agents, and preventive vaccines, a suitable animal model which can represent the characteristics of infectious is required. The Syrian hamster immune responses to infectious pathogens are similar to humans and as such, this model is advantageous for studying pathogenesis of infection including post-bacterial, viral and parasitic pathogens, along with assessing the efficacy and interactions of medications and vaccines for those pathogens. This review summarizes the current status of Syrian hamster models and their use for understanding the underlying mechanisms of pathogen infection, in addition to their use as a drug discovery platform and provides a strong rationale for the selection of Syrian hamster as animal models in biomedical research. The challenges of using Syrian hamster as an alternative animal model for the research of infectious diseases are also addressed. Keywords: infectious diseases, Syrian hamster, drug discovery, infection mechanism, biomedical researc