Neuromuscular and metabolic responses of the pre-exhaustion method in highly-trained individuals

Several studies investigated the pre-exhaustion resistance training (PERT), no study investigated the responses after the pre-fatigue of two auxiliary muscles. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the neuromuscular and metabolic effects of PERT in highly-trained individuals. Twenty-one men (24.90 ± 4.54 years) who were experienced in resistance training were randomly distributed into two groups. In the conventional resistance training (CRT), three sets of each exercise were performed separately (front raise [FR], triceps-forehead [TF] extensions, and bench press [BP]), with an interval of 45 seconds between the sets. In the PERT method, the exercises were performed in sequence (FR, TF, and BP), with an interval of 2 minutes 15 seconds between the sets. The electromyography (EMG), signal was acquired during the execution of the FR, TF, and BP exercises, and the muscles anterior deltoid, triceps brachii long head, and pectoralis major (clavicular head and sternal head). Lactate levels were measured before workout and at the end of each set in each method. There was no difference in the EMG activation of PMC and PMS muscles when compared to the PERT and CRT methods. Clavicular portion, PERT/CRT: 1st 42.1±7.1/42.1±6.6μV, 2st 45.9±5.5/43.5±6.2 μV, 3rd 45.5±5.7/43.9±6.1μV. Sternal portion, PERT/CRT: 1st 36.2±9/35±5.7μV, 2st 38.3±8.9/35.3±6μV, 3rd 36.8±7.1/35.1±5.1μV. However, lactate accumulation was significantly higher in PERT when compared CRT. PERT/CRT 1st 7.6.0±1.8/5.7±1.5 mmol.l-1; 2st: 9.5±1.5/8.4±2 mmol.l-1; 3rd:10.0±2.1/9.4±1.8 mmol.l-1, when compared to CRT. The PERT was more effective, producing greater metabolic stress, demonstrating to be a high-intensity method that leads to muscle adaptation

Acurácia da ultrassonografia e da avaliação comportamental na determinação das características funcionais de estruturas ovarianas císticas

The objective of this work was to evaluate the accuracy of ultrasound and symptomatology in determining functional features of ovarian cystic structures. In 51 Girolando cows, without corpus luteum, the following were evaluated: presence or absence of luteinized tissue on the follicle wall; serum concentrations of progesterone (P4); and animal clinical signals (anestrus or nymphomania). P4 plasma concentrations were considered as the gold standard. Ultrasound evaluation was an accurate (82.4%) method to diagnose the type of follicular cyst. Anestrus is related to the presence of luteinized cysts and high P4 levels. Non‑luteinized cysts are often found in animals with low P4, which exhibit anestrus or nymphomaniac behavior.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a acurácia da ultrassonografia e da sintomatologia em determinar características funcionais de estruturas ovarianas císticas. Em 51 vacas Girolando sem corpo lúteo, foram avaliados: presença ou ausência de tecido luteal na parede do folículo; concentrações séricas de progesterona (P4); e sinais comportamentais dos animais (anestro ou ninfomania). As concentrações plasmáticas de P4 foram consideradas como padrão ouro. A avaliação ultrassonográfica foi um método preciso (82,4%) para diagnosticar o tipo de cisto folicular. O anestro está relacionado à presença de cisto luteinizado e à elevada P4. Os cistos não luteinizados são frequentemente encontrados em animais com baixa P4, que apresentam comportamento de anestro ou ninfomania

Measurement of the cross-section and charge asymmetry of WW bosons produced in proton-proton collisions at s=8\sqrt{s}=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This paper presents measurements of the $W^+ \rightarrow \mu^+\nu$ and $W^- \rightarrow \mu^-\nu$ cross-sections and the associated charge asymmetry as a function of the absolute pseudorapidity of the decay muon. The data were collected in proton--proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV with the ATLAS experiment at the LHC and correspond to a total integrated luminosity of 20.2~\mbox{fb^{-1}}. The precision of the cross-section measurements varies between 0.8% to 1.5% as a function of the pseudorapidity, excluding the 1.9% uncertainty on the integrated luminosity. The charge asymmetry is measured with an uncertainty between 0.002 and 0.003. The results are compared with predictions based on next-to-next-to-leading-order calculations with various parton distribution functions and have the sensitivity to discriminate between them.Comment: 38 pages in total, author list starting page 22, 5 figures, 4 tables, submitted to EPJC. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/STDM-2017-13

Resistance of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis to nitric oxide: correlation with antimony therapy and TNF-α production

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Nitric oxide (NO) produced in macrophages plays a pivotal role as a leishmanicidal agent. A previous study has demonstrated that 20% of the <it>L. (V.) braziliensis </it>isolated from initial cutaneous lesions of patients from the endemic area of Corte de Pedra, Bahia, Brazil, were NO resistant. Additionally, 5 to 11% of the patients did not respond to three or more antimony treatments" (refractory patients). The aim of this study is to investigate if there is an association between the resistance of <it>L. (V.) braziliensis </it>to NO and nonresponsiveness to antimony therapy and cytokine production.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We evaluated the <it>in vitro </it>toxicity of NO against the promastigotes stages of <it>L. (V.) braziliensis </it>isolated from responsive and refractory patients, and the infectivity of the amastigote forms of these isolates against human macrophages. The supernatants from <it>Leishmania </it>infected macrophage were used to measure TNF-α and IL-10 levels.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Using NaNO₂(pH 5.0) as the NO source, <it>L. (V.) braziliensis </it>isolated from refractory patients were more NO resistant (IC50 = 5.8 ± 4.8) than <it>L. (V.) braziliensis </it>isolated from responsive patients (IC50 = 2.0 ± 1.4). Four isolates were selected to infect human macrophages: NO-susceptible and NO-resistant <it>L. (V.) braziliensis </it>isolated from responsive and refractory patients. NO-resistant <it>L. (V.) braziliensis </it>isolated from refractory patients infected more macrophages stimulated with LPS and IFN-γ at 120 hours than NO-susceptible <it>L. (V.) braziliensis </it>isolated from refractory patients. Also, lower levels of TNF-α were detected in supernatants of macrophages infected with NO-resistant <it>L. (V.) braziliensis </it>as compared to macrophages infected with NO-susceptible <it>L. (V.) braziliensis </it>(p < 0.05 at 2, 24 and 120 hours), while no differences were detected in IL-10 levels.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These data suggest that NO resistance could be related to the nonresponsiveness to antimony therapy seen in American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis.</p

Commentaries on viewpoint : physiology and fast marathons

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