Regulação motivacional e satisfação de necessidades psicológicas básicas em praticantes de Crossfit

O Crossfit tem-se revelado uma modalidade em crescimento, com o número de praticantes a aumentar ao longo dos anos. O Crossfit proporciona uma metodologia baseada em movimentos constantemente variados e com elevada funcionalidade, que são executados com uma elevada intensidade e funcionalidade. Apesar deste visível crescimento, a literatura ainda não nos permite encontrar muitos estudos que tivessem investigado a regulação motivacional e a satisfação de necessidades psicológicas básicas em praticantes de Crossfit. Foi então esse o propósito deste estudo, onde verificámos de que forma se satisfazem as necessidades psicológicas básicas e como se comporta a regulação motivacional em praticantes de Crossfit, e também o modo como estas se correlacionam. 85 participantes (Midade=32,85±7,06) foram submetidos a um questionário para avaliar a regulação motivacional (BREQ-2) e a um questionário para avaliar a satisfação de necessidades psicológicas básicas (NPBES). Foram também colocadas três questões de resposta aberta, para averiguar o que leva a adesão à modalidade, à manutenção e o que diferencia a modalidade das restantes. Os resultados obtidos revelaram que existe uma satisfação das três necessidades psicológicas básicas, com valores ligeiramente superiores no relacionamento. Os resultados revelaram também que a regulação motivacional é maioritariamente Identificada e intrínseca, o que nos leva a concluir que uma satisfação das necessidades psicológicas básicas está relacionada com comportamentos mais autodeterminados. A análise da correlação entre as necessidades psicológicas básicas e as regulações motivacionais revelou essa mesma tendência. Todas as necessidades psicológicas básicas revelaram uma correlação positiva com a Motivação Autónoma. Porém, de destacar a Percepção de Competência ser aquela que revelou maior correlação e a única a revelar diferenças estatisticamente significativas. O relacionamento foi a necessidade psicológica básica que maior correlação negativa apresentou com a Motivação Controlada. O estudo revelou também que a variedade do Crossfit está bastante relacionada com os motivos que levam à escolha da modalidade, sendo que a sensação de competência também revelou valores bastantes altos. Os fatores apontados para a manutenção da prática de Crossfit foram a competência e o gosto pela modalidade. Os resultados apontaram mais uma vez a variedade como um fator de diferenciação da modalidade.Crossfit has been revealing itself as a growing modality, with its number of participants increasing throughout the years. Crossfit provides a methodology based on constantly variated and functional movements executed at high intensity. Although this growth is very visible, literature still can't provide us a lot of studies regarding motivational regulation and satisfaction of basic psychological needs in Crossfit. That was the purpose of this study. Motivational regulation and basic psychological needs satisfaction were analysed in Crossfit enthusiasts. Correlation between Motivational Regulation and basic psychological needs was also analysed. 85 Participants (Mage=32,85±7,06) were submitted to a questionnaire to assess their motivational regulation (BREQ-2) and to evaluate their basic psychological needs satisfaction (NPBES). Three items of open answer were also included, to identify the motives to start the practice of Crossfit, the maintenance of the practice and what differentiates Crossfit from other forms of physical exercise. Results revealed a high satisfaction of all basic psychological needs, with relatedness showing slightly higher values of satisfaction. Results also revealed a more autonomous regulation (higher values of identified regulation and intrinsic motivation). Basic psychological needs satisfaction is associated to more autonomous and self-determined regulations. Correlations between basic psychological needs and motivational regulation showed that all basic psychological needs were positively correlated with autonomous motivation, but competence perception appeared to be the basic psychological need that had higher correlation values and the only one showing statistically significative differences. Relatedness was the basic psychological need that presented higher negative correlation with controlled motivation. This study also revealed that people choose Crossfit thanks to its variety, although, feeling competence was also mentioned to be a factor to choose Crossfit. What was mentioned to be the factor responsible for the maintenance, results show that competence and joy when practicing Crossfit. What revealed being the factor to differentiate Crossfit from the rest was once again variety

ATLANTIC-PRIMATES: a dataset of communities and occurrences of primates in the Atlantic Forests of South America

Primates play an important role in ecosystem functioning and offer critical insights into human evolution, biology, behavior, and emerging infectious diseases. There are 26 primate species in the Atlantic Forests of South America, 19 of them endemic. We compiled a dataset of 5,472 georeferenced locations of 26 native and 1 introduced primate species, as hybrids in the genera Callithrix and Alouatta. The dataset includes 700 primate communities, 8,121 single species occurrences and 714 estimates of primate population sizes, covering most natural forest types of the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina and some other biomes. On average, primate communities of the Atlantic Forest harbor 2 ± 1 species (range = 1–6). However, about 40% of primate communities contain only one species. Alouatta guariba (N = 2,188 records) and Sapajus nigritus (N = 1,127) were the species with the most records. Callicebus barbarabrownae (N = 35), Leontopithecus caissara (N = 38), and Sapajus libidinosus (N = 41) were the species with the least records. Recorded primate densities varied from 0.004 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta guariba at Fragmento do Bugre, Paraná, Brazil) to 400 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta caraya in Santiago, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). Our dataset reflects disparity between the numerous primate census conducted in the Atlantic Forest, in contrast to the scarcity of estimates of population sizes and densities. With these data, researchers can develop different macroecological and regional level studies, focusing on communities, populations, species co-occurrence and distribution patterns. Moreover, the data can also be used to assess the consequences of fragmentation, defaunation, and disease outbreaks on different ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, species invasion or extinction, and community dynamics. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this Data Paper when the data are used in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using the data. © 2018 by the The Authors. Ecology © 2018 The Ecological Society of Americ

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data

Núcleos de Ensino da Unesp: artigos 2008

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq