Les composantes motrices de l’écriture manuscrite : enquête sur les pratiques pédagogiques en maternelle et en première année

La présente étude expose les résultats dun sondage par questionnaire mené dans 45 écoles du Québec dans le but de décrire les pratiques pédagogiques, le niveau de connaissance et la perception que les éducatrices de maternelle et les enseignantes de première année ont de leur rôle dans l'enseignement des aspects moteurs de l'acte graphique. De l'ensemble des données obtenues, il ressort que la majorité des professeures n'instruisent pas les élèves de manière systématique sur la plupart des composantes motrices de l'écriture et que la formation reçue et leurs connaissances sur ces sujets présentent plusieurs faiblesses.This paper reports the results of a questionnaire survey of 134 Montréal region kindergarden and grade 1 teachers describing their teaching practices, their level of knowledge, and their perception of their role in teaching motor aspects of handwriting. Analysis of the data indicates that the majority of teachers do not provide instruction in most of the motor components of handwriting in any systematic way As well, the author notes that both the training teachers received and their knowledge about these skills present many weaknesses.Este estudio expone los resultados de una encuesta por cuestionario conducida ante 134 maestros de la region de Montréal con el fin de describir las practicas pedagôgicas, el nivel de conocimientos y la percepciôn que las educadoras del jardin infantil y las maestras de primer ario tienen sobre su roi en la ensenanza de los aspectos motores del acto grafico. El analisis de los datos obtenidos hace resaltar que la mayoria de las profesoras no ensenan a los alumnos gran parte de los componentes motores de la escritura en forma sistemàtica y que la formacion recibida, ai como los conocimientos sobre estos objetos presentan varias debilidades.Die vorliegende Arbeit prâsentiert die Ergebnisse einer Umfrage, die mit Hilfe eines Fragebogens bei 134 Lehrern von Montréal und Umgebung durchgefaiihrt wurde mit dem Ziel, im Hinblick auf den motorischen Aspekt der Schreibtâtigkeit die Pâdagogik, die Kenntnisse und die Auffassung darzustellen, die die Erzieherinnen des Kindergartens und die Lehrerinnen des ersten Grundschuljahres von ihrer Aufgabe haben. Die Analyse der gesammelten Daten ergab, dafi die meisten Lehrerinnen die meisten motorischen Komponenten des Schreibens nicht in ihrem Unterricht berucksichtigen und dafi ihre Ausbildung ebenso wie ihre einschlagigen Kenntnisse gewisse Schwâchen aufweisen

Classification fonctionnelle de la motricité manuelle

En dépit de son importance dans le développement moteur et cognitif du nourrisson et du jeune enfant, la motricité manuelle n'a pas fait l'objet d'une taxinomie spécifique qui puisse rendre compte de sa richesse et de sa diversité. La présente étude se propose de répertorier les comportements moteurs manuels finalisés et de proposer une classification de ces comportements, susceptible d'aider les éducateurs et les enseignants intéressés au développement moteur de l'enfant à mieux appréhender le sens de leur intervention.Although the importance of manual motricity has been recognized as part of the motor development of the infant and young child, there has been no specific taxonomy that sufficiently describes the richness and diversity of this behavior. This study is an attempt to present a repertory of manual motor behavior and a classification of these behaviors. This work is expected to help educators and teachers interested in children's motor development to better plan the objectives of proposed interventions.A pesar de su importancia en el desarrollo motor y cognitivo del infante y del nino prescolar, la motricidad manual no ha sido objeto de una taxonomia especffica que pueda atestiguar de su riqueza y de su diversidad. Este estuaio prétende efectuar un repertorio de las conductas motoras manuales efectuadas y proponer una clasificacion de estas conductas susceptible de ayudar, a los educadores y profesores interezados en el desarrollo motor del nino, a comprender mejor el sentido de su intervencion.Trotz ihrer Bedeutung fur die motorische und kognitive Entwicklung des Säuglings und des Kleinkindes wurde bisher die manuelle Motorik nicht spezifisch klabifiziert, so dab man iiber ihren Reichtum und ihre Vielfalt berichten könnte. Die vorliegende Untersuchung will eine Aufstellung der gezielten manuellen Bewegungsablâufe vorlegen, und eine Klabifizierung dieser Abläufe vorschlagen, welche Erziehern und Lehrkräften, die an der motorischen Entwicklung des Kindes interebiert sind, zu einem beberen Verständnis ihrer Arbeit verhelfen könnten

Search for new particles in events with energetic jets and large missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

A search is presented for new particles produced at the LHC in proton-proton collisions at root s = 13 TeV, using events with energetic jets and large missing transverse momentum. The analysis is based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 101 fb(-1), collected in 2017-2018 with the CMS detector. Machine learning techniques are used to define separate categories for events with narrow jets from initial-state radiation and events with large-radius jets consistent with a hadronic decay of a W or Z boson. A statistical combination is made with an earlier search based on a data sample of 36 fb(-1), collected in 2016. No significant excess of events is observed with respect to the standard model background expectation determined from control samples in data. The results are interpreted in terms of limits on the branching fraction of an invisible decay of the Higgs boson, as well as constraints on simplified models of dark matter, on first-generation scalar leptoquarks decaying to quarks and neutrinos, and on models with large extra dimensions. Several of the new limits, specifically for spin-1 dark matter mediators, pseudoscalar mediators, colored mediators, and leptoquarks, are the most restrictive to date.Peer reviewe

Measurement of t(t)over-bar normalised multi-differential cross sections in pp collisions at root s=13 TeV, and simultaneous determination of the strong coupling strength, top quark pole mass, and parton distribution functions

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Combined searches for the production of supersymmetric top quark partners in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

A combination of searches for top squark pair production using proton-proton collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV at the CERN LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb(-1) collected by the CMS experiment, is presented. Signatures with at least 2 jets and large missing transverse momentum are categorized into events with 0, 1, or 2 leptons. New results for regions of parameter space where the kinematical properties of top squark pair production and top quark pair production are very similar are presented. Depending on themodel, the combined result excludes a top squarkmass up to 1325 GeV for amassless neutralino, and a neutralinomass up to 700 GeV for a top squarkmass of 1150 GeV. Top squarks with masses from 145 to 295 GeV, for neutralino masses from 0 to 100 GeV, with a mass difference between the top squark and the neutralino in a window of 30 GeV around the mass of the top quark, are excluded for the first time with CMS data. The results of theses searches are also interpreted in an alternative signal model of dark matter production via a spin-0 mediator in association with a top quark pair. Upper limits are set on the cross section for mediator particle masses of up to 420 GeV

MUSiC : a model-unspecific search for new physics in proton-proton collisions at root s=13TeV

Results of the Model Unspecific Search in CMS (MUSiC), using proton-proton collision data recorded at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1), are presented. The MUSiC analysis searches for anomalies that could be signatures of physics beyond the standard model. The analysis is based on the comparison of observed data with the standard model prediction, as determined from simulation, in several hundred final states and multiple kinematic distributions. Events containing at least one electron or muon are classified based on their final state topology, and an automated search algorithm surveys the observed data for deviations from the prediction. The sensitivity of the search is validated using multiple methods. No significant deviations from the predictions have been observed. For a wide range of final state topologies, agreement is found between the data and the standard model simulation. This analysis complements dedicated search analyses by significantly expanding the range of final states covered using a model independent approach with the largest data set to date to probe phase space regions beyond the reach of previous general searches.Peer reviewe

Measurement of prompt open-charm production cross sections in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

The production cross sections for prompt open-charm mesons in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13TeV are reported. The measurement is performed using a data sample collected by the CMS experiment corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 29 nb(-1). The differential production cross sections of the D*(+/-), D-+/-, and D-0 ((D) over bar (0)) mesons are presented in ranges of transverse momentum and pseudorapidity 4 < p(T) < 100 GeV and vertical bar eta vertical bar < 2.1, respectively. The results are compared to several theoretical calculations and to previous measurements.Peer reviewe

Measurement of the top quark forward-backward production asymmetry and the anomalous chromoelectric and chromomagnetic moments in pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV

Abstract The parton-level top quark (t) forward-backward asymmetry and the anomalous chromoelectric (d̂ t) and chromomagnetic (μ̂ t) moments have been measured using LHC pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, collected in the CMS detector in a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb−1. The linearized variable AFB(1) is used to approximate the asymmetry. Candidate t t ¯ events decaying to a muon or electron and jets in final states with low and high Lorentz boosts are selected and reconstructed using a fit of the kinematic distributions of the decay products to those expected for t t ¯ final states. The values found for the parameters are AFB(1)=0.048−0.087+0.095(stat)−0.029+0.020(syst),μ̂t=−0.024−0.009+0.013(stat)−0.011+0.016(syst), and a limit is placed on the magnitude of | d̂ t| &lt; 0.03 at 95% confidence level. [Figure not available: see fulltext.

An embedding technique to determine ττ backgrounds in proton-proton collision data

An embedding technique is presented to estimate standard model tau tau backgrounds from data with minimal simulation input. In the data, the muons are removed from reconstructed mu mu events and replaced with simulated tau leptons with the same kinematic properties. In this way, a set of hybrid events is obtained that does not rely on simulation except for the decay of the tau leptons. The challenges in describing the underlying event or the production of associated jets in the simulation are avoided. The technique described in this paper was developed for CMS. Its validation and the inherent uncertainties are also discussed. The demonstration of the performance of the technique is based on a sample of proton-proton collisions collected by CMS in 2017 at root s = 13 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 41.5 fb(-1).Peer reviewe

Probing effective field theory operators in the associated production of top quarks with a Z boson in multilepton final states at root s=13 TeV

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