Porous silicon bragg reflector and 2D gold-polymer nanograting: a route towards a hybrid optoplasmonic platform

Photonic and plasmonic systems have been intensively studied as an effective means to modify and enhance the electromagnetic field. In recent years hybrid plasmonic–photonic systems have been investigated as a promising solution for enhancing light-matter interaction. In the present work we present a hybrid structure obtained by growing a plasmonic 2D nanograting on top of a porous silicon distributed Bragg reflector. Particular attention has been devoted to the morphological characterization of these systems. Electron microscopy images allowed us to determine the geometrical parameters of the structure. The matching of the optical response of both components has been studied. Results indicate an interaction between the plasmonic and the photonic parts of the system, which results in a localization of the electric field profileThis research was funded by the EU Commission through FP7 action THINFACE ITN GA 607232 and Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (Spain) through RETOS action CTQ2017-84309-C2-2-

The University-Commune

In this new book we return to the challenge of deepening the task to the point of imagining the university formed by commoner university students. It is a turn, a new place from which to name and reconsider community management and action from a sense of co-responsibility for the commons that we must guarantee so that the common project prevails and achieves long-term self-sustainability.This is what the seven articles in this book are about, which calls into question what it means for the university to be and act according to economic principles and logics (giving, receiving, undertaking), social (distribution of roles and benefits) and policies (agreements, consensus, participation and assignment of responsibilities) of the commune. The institutional dimension is important but the vitality, the sense of belonging and the profound strength of the Salesian university project depend much more on the commons logic. Feeling of the commons is not a possibility among many others. We are convinced that, in order to take on this project, it is necessary to transcend institutional, business logic and state regulations. Therefore, the university-commune is the way and, perhaps, the only one possible. University and Common Goods Research Group Universidad Politécnica Salesian

SOFRIMENTO EMOCIONAL DOS ENFERMEIROS NO CONTEXTO HOSPITALAR FRENTE À PANDEMIA DE COVID-19

This work is based on the concern with the increasing rates of emotional problems that have been affecting the professional nurse, and which are especially exacerbated during the pandemic of COVID-19. In the meantime, the objective of this article is to conduct a theoretical reflection on the emotional suffering of nurses in the hospital context in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. It is a narrative review of the literature developed by searching for publications obtained from the databases: PubMed, BVS, LILACS and SciELO. The keywords emotional distress, COVID-19, nurse, pandemics, emotional distress and mental health were used. At the end, 33 publications were selected to compose the study. Through the analysis of the studies, it was possible to show that nurses in times of COVID-19 have been developing several problems in their mental health, such as anxiety, stress, and even depression. This is due to frustration, physical and mental exhaustion, feelings of helplessness and professional insecurity. It is concluded, therefore, that it is essential to take greater care with the psycho-emotional health of nurses, based on investments and actions that contemplate better working environments and conditions.Este trabajo se basa en la preocupación por las crecientes tasas de problemas emocionales que han estado afectando a la enfermera profesional y que se exacerbaron especialmente durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Mientras tanto, el objetivo de este artículo es realizar una reflexión teórica sobre el sufrimiento emocional de las enfermeras en el contexto del hospital frente a la pandemia de COVID-19. Es una revisión narrativa de la literatura desarrollada mediante la búsqueda de publicaciones obtenidas de las bases de datos: PubMed, BVS, LILACS y SciELO. Se utilizaron las palabras clave angustia emocional, COVID-19, enfermera, pandemias, angustia emocional y salud mental. Al final, se seleccionaron 33 publicaciones para componer el estudio. A través del análisis de los estudios, fue posible demostrar que las enfermeras en tiempos de COVID-19 han estado desarrollando varios problemas en su salud mental, como ansiedad, estrés e incluso depresión. Esto se debe a la frustración, el agotamiento físico y mental, los sentimientos de impotencia y la inseguridad profesional. Se concluye, por lo tanto, que es esencial tener mayor cuidado con la salud psicoemocional de las enfermeras, con base en inversiones y acciones que contemplen mejores entornos y condiciones de trabajo.Este trabalho parte da preocupação com as crescentes taxas de problemas emocionais que vem acometendo o profissional enfermeiro, e que estão especialmente exacerbadas durante à pandemia de COVID-19. Neste ínterim, o objetivo do presente artigo é realizar uma reflexão teórica sobre o sofrimento emocional dos enfermeiros no contexto hospitalar frente à pandemia de COVID-19. Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa da literatura desenvolvida por meio da busca por publicações obtidas nas bases de dados: PubMed, BVS, LILACS e SciELO. Foram utilizados os descritores angústia emocional, COVID-19, enfermeiro, pandemias, sofrimento emocional e saúde mental. Ao final, selecionou-se 33 publicações para compor o estudo. Através da análise dos estudos, foi possível evidenciar que os enfermeiros em tempos de COVID-19 vêm desenvolvendo diversos problemas em sua saúde mental, como ansiedade, estresse, e até mesmo depressão. Isso ocorre devido à frustação, exaustão física e mental, sentimento de impotência e insegurança profissional. Conclui-se, portanto, que é primordial maiores cuidados com a saúde psicoemocional dos enfermeiros, a partir de investimentos e ações que comtemplem melhores ambientes e condições de trabalho

The University As Commune: the centrality of community action in the management model and practices of Universities

In this new book we return to the challenge of deepening the task to the point of imagining the university formed by commoner university students. It is a turn, a new place from which to name and reconsider community management and action from a sense of co-responsability for the commons that we must guarantee so that the common project prevails and achieves long-term self-sustainability. This is what the seven articles in this book are about, which calls into question what ir means for the university to be and act according to economic principles and logics (giving, receiving, undertaking), social (distribution of roles and benefits) and policies (agreements, consensus, participation and assignment of responsibilities) of the commune. The institutional dimension is important but the vitality, the sense of belonging and the profound strength of the Salesian university project depend much more on the commons logic. We are convinced that, in order to take on this project, it is necessary to transcend institutional, business logic and state regulations. Therefore, the university-commune is the way and, perhaps, the only one possibl

LA UNIVERSIDAD-COMUNA: centralidad de la acción comunitaria en la gestión y prácticas universitarias

En este nuevo libro retomamos el desafío de profundizar la tarea hasta el punto de imaginar la universidad conformada por universitarios comuneros. Se trata de un giro, de un nuevo lugar desde el cual nombrar y reconsiderar la gestión y la acción comunitaria desde un sentido de corresponsabilidad por los bienes comunes que nos debemos garantizar para que el proyecto común prevalezca y logre auto sostenibilidad a muy largo plazo. De esto tratan los siete artículos de este libro que ponen sobre la mesa qué implica para la universidad ser y actuar según los principios y las lógicas económicas (dar, recibir, emprender), sociales (distribución de roles y beneficios) y políticas (acuerdos, consensos, participación y asignación de responsabilidades) propias de la comuna. La dimensión institucional es importante pero la vitalidad, el sentido de pertenencia y la fuerza profunda del proyecto universitario salesiano dependen en mucha mayor medida de la lógica comunal. Sentirnos comuneros no es una posibilidad entre otras. Estamos convencidos de que, para asumir este proyecto, es necesario trascender las lógicas institucionales, empresariales y las normativas estatales. Por lo tanto, la universidad-comuna es el camino y, quizás, el único posible

Materialist and Post-Materialist Concerns and the Wish for a Strong Leader in 27 Countries

There is evidence that democracies are under threat around the world while the quest for strong leaders is increasing. Although the causes of these developments are complex and multifaceted, here we focus on one factor: the extent to which citizens express materialist and post-materialist concerns. We explore whether objective higher levels of democracy are differentially associated with materialist and post-materialist concerns and, in turn, whether this is related to the wish for a strong leader. Testing this hypothesis across 27 countries (N = 5,741) demonstrated a direct negative effect of democracies' development on the wish for a strong leader. Further, multi-level mediation analysis showed that the relation between the Democracy Index and the wish for a strong leader was mediated by materialist concerns. This pattern of results suggests that lower levels of democracy are associated with enhanced concerns about basic needs and this is linked to greater support for strong leaders.Peer reviewe

Materialist and Post-Materialist Concerns and the Wish for a Strong Leader in 27 Countries

There is evidence that democracies are under threat around the world while the quest for strong leaders is increasing. Although the causes of these developments are complex and multifaceted, here we focus on one factor: the extent to which citizens express materialist and post-materialist concerns. We explore whether objective higher levels of democracy are differentially associated with materialist and post-materialist concerns and, in turn, whether this is related to the wish for a strong leader. Testing this hypothesis across 27 countries (N = 5,741) demonstrated a direct negative effect of democracies' development on the wish for a strong leader. Further, multi-level mediation analysis showed that the relation between the Democracy Index and the wish for a strong leader was mediated by materialist concerns. This pattern of results suggests that lower levels of democracy are associated with enhanced concerns about basic needs and this is linked to greater support for strong leaders.Peer reviewe

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Uma revisão narrativa da literatura sobre o uso de canabidiol no tratamento da ansiedade

The study highlights the growing global importance of mental health, particularly considering the prevalence of mental disorders such as depression and anxiety. In this context, cannabidiol (CBD) from the Cannabis sativa plant emerges as a potential treatment, given its wide molecular interaction and anxiolytic properties. The reviewed research consistently indicates the positive effects of CBD in reducing anxiety across a variety of conditions, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and social anxiety disorder. However, the complex relationship between CBD plasma concentration and its therapeutic effects, along with the lack of detailed data on its pharmacokinetics, underscores the need for more clinical studies to validate its efficacy and safety in various psychiatric conditions. Additionally, CBD presents broad therapeutic potential in other areas such as schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease, as well as its role in modulating brain activity in areas related to anxiety and psychosis. However, the complexity of CBD effects and the need to explore individual differences in treatment response highlight the importance of a broader and more careful approach in investigating its therapeutic effects.O estudo destaca a crescente importância da saúde mental globalmente, especialmente considerando a prevalência de transtornos mentais como depressão e ansiedade. Nesse contexto, o canabidiol (CBD) da planta Cannabis sativa surge como um potencial tratamento, devido à sua ampla interação molecular e propriedades ansiolíticas. A pesquisa revisada indica consistentemente os efeitos positivos do CBD na redução da ansiedade em uma variedade de condições, incluindo transtorno de estresse pós-traumático (TEPT) e transtorno de ansiedade social. No entanto, a relação complexa entre a concentração plasmática do CBD e seus efeitos terapêuticos, juntamente com a falta de dados detalhados sobre sua farmacocinética, ressalta a necessidade de mais estudos clínicos para validar sua eficácia e segurança em diversas condições psiquiátricas. Além disso, o CBD apresenta amplo potencial terapêutico em outras áreas, como esquizofrenia e doença de Parkinson, além de seu papel na modulação da atividade cerebral em áreas relacionadas à ansiedade e à psicose. No entanto, a complexidade dos efeitos do CBD e a necessidade de explorar diferenças individuais na resposta ao tratamento evidenciam a importância de uma abordagem mais ampla e cuidadosa na investigação de seus efeitos terapêuticos