Competence orientation in teaching from the perspetive of teachers and students

Mit der Einführung der nationalen Bildungsstandards ging ein Perspektivwechsel von der Input- zur Outputorientierung im Unterricht einher und es wurde die Grundlage für die Entwicklung eines an Kompetenzen orientierten Unterrichts geschaffen. In dieser Studie werden kompetenzorientierte Aktivitäten im Deutschunterricht aus Lehrkraft- sowie Schülerinnen- und Schülerperspektive empirisch erfasst. Die Übereinstimmung beider Perspektiven und der Zusammenhang der Häufigkeit kompetenzorientierter Aktivitäten im Unterricht mit der Kompetenz der Schülerinnen und Schüler werden im Rahmen von Strukturgleichungsmodellen untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen (a) eine moderate Übereinstimmung beider Perspektiven und (b) positive Zusammenhänge kompetenzorientierter Aktivitäten mit der Lesekompetenz der Schülerinnen und Schüler im Fach Deutsch. Die Ergebnisse werden mit Bezug auf die Erfassung von Kompetenzorientierung als Merkmal von Unterricht diskutiert. (DIPF/Orig.)The introduction of National Educational Standards (Bildungsstandards) in Germany in 2004 has shifted the focus from input- towards output-oriented instruction and was accompanied by an advancement in competence-based instruction. This study provides an empirical investigation of activities that characterize competence-based instruction in German from both teacher and student perspectives. Agreement among these perspectives and the association of competence-based activities and student achievement were analyzed using structural equation modeling. We found a moderate agreement of teacher and student perspectives regarding competence-based activities and that student achievement correlates positively with competence-based activities. The paper also discusses the assessment of competence-based instruction as measured by frequency of competence-based activities. (DIPF/Orig.

Ignored differences, illegitimate disparities. The disparity discourse in educational research and its trend towards routine-blindedness

Die Dokumentation von Leistungsdisparitäten ist ein zentrales Element des Bildungsmonitoring, wobei auf einen begrenzten Kanon von Differenzkategorien Bezug genommen wird, mit deren Hilfe Bildungs(un)gerechtigkeit sichtbar wird. Diese Auswahl ‚\u27berichtsrelevanter\u27 Kategorien offenbart ein implizit normatives Verständnis von Bildungsgerechtigkeit, das andere relevante Ungerechtigkeitsursachen ausblendet. Am Beispiel sozialer Herkunftseffekte wird argumentiert, dass eine pädagogische Betrachtung von Bildungsprozessen zu einem nuancierteren Verständnis von Bildungserfolg führt als eine bildungssoziologische Betrachtung. Basierend auf der Unterscheidung zwischen \u27legitimen\u27 und \u27illegitimen\u27 Heterogenitätsursachen wird gezeigt, dass Bildungsdisparitäten in der Regel auf komplexe Kausalprozesse verweisen und Bildungsdifferenzen mit Blick auf autonomes Handeln legitim sein können, auch ohne meritokratisch legitimierbar zu sein. (DIPF/Orig.)Documenting disparities in academic achievement is a key element in educational system monitoring but it is limited to a set of demographic categories to document injustice prevalent in the system. The selection of categories reveals a normative understanding of educational justice that ignores other causes of injustice. Using the example of effect of social background it is argued that a pedagogical perspective on educational processes leads to a more nuanced understanding of educational success than a sociological point of view. Introducing the distinction of legitimate and illegitimate causes of heterogeneity the authors demonstrate that causal mechanisms are complex and differences can be legitimately if they are based on autonomous decisions even if they do not follow meritocratic principles. (DIPF/Orig.

Aspekte der Testgüte bei der Erfassung schulischer Kompetenzen von Schülerinnen und Schülern mit sonderpädagogischem Förderbedarf

Im Beitrag wurde geprüft, inwieweit die im IQB-Ländervergleich 2011 in der Primarstufe eingesetzten Kompetenztests in Deutsch und Mathematik dazu geeignet sind, auch die Kompetenzen von Schülerinnen und Schülern mit sonderpädagogischem Förderbedarf (SPF) adäquat zu erfassen. Dazu wurden der Anteil fehlender Werte, die Passung des Raschmodells, differenzielle ltemfunktionalität und Korrelationen der Testwerte zwischen den Schülergruppen mit SPF in Förder- und Grundschulen und Kindern ohne SPF analysiert. Die eingesetzten Tests scheinen die schulischen Kompetenzen von Kindern mit SPF reliabel und valide zu erfassen. Allerdings zeigten sich Einschränkungen hinsichtlich der Vergleichbarkeit der Messungen für Kinder in Förderschulen in Mathematik. (DIPF/Orig.)In 2011, students with special educational needs (SEN) were part of the sample of the National Assessment Study (IQB-Ländervergleich 2011) in primary schools. The study examines if the achievement tests in German and Mathematics are also suited to assess SEN students\u27 proficiencies. To evaluate the structural validity of the achievement tests for SEN students in special education and regular schools, missing patterns, the fit of the Rasch model, differential item functioning, and correlations of the test scores were analyzed. Results show that the achievement tests captured the same proficiencies in similar ways for SEN students compared to students without SEN. However, comparability of the achievement tests in Mathematics was reduced for students in special education schools. (DIPF/Orig.

Forward-central two-particle correlations in p-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=5.02 TeV

Two-particle angular correlations between trigger particles in the forward pseudorapidity range (2.5 2GeV/c. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B. V.Peer reviewe

Event-shape engineering for inclusive spectra and elliptic flow in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S=2.76 TeV

Peer reviewe

Elliptic flow of muons from heavy-flavour hadron decays at forward rapidity in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=2.76TeV

The elliptic flow, v(2), of muons from heavy-flavour hadron decays at forward rapidity (2.5 <y <4) is measured in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN)= 2.76TeVwith the ALICE detector at the LHC. The scalar product, two- and four-particle Q cumulants and Lee-Yang zeros methods are used. The dependence of the v(2) of muons from heavy-flavour hadron decays on the collision centrality, in the range 0-40%, and on transverse momentum, p(T), is studied in the interval 3 <p(T)<10 GeV/c. A positive v(2) is observed with the scalar product and two-particle Q cumulants in semi-central collisions (10-20% and 20-40% centrality classes) for the p(T) interval from 3 to about 5GeV/c with a significance larger than 3 sigma, based on the combination of statistical and systematic uncertainties. The v(2) magnitude tends to decrease towards more central collisions and with increasing pT. It becomes compatible with zero in the interval 6 <p(T)<10 GeV/c. The results are compared to models describing the interaction of heavy quarks and open heavy-flavour hadrons with the high-density medium formed in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe

31st Annual Meeting and Associated Programs of the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC 2016) : part two

Background The immunological escape of tumors represents one of the main ob- stacles to the treatment of malignancies. The blockade of PD-1 or CTLA-4 receptors represented a milestone in the history of immunotherapy. However, immune checkpoint inhibitors seem to be effective in specific cohorts of patients. It has been proposed that their efficacy relies on the presence of an immunological response. Thus, we hypothesized that disruption of the PD-L1/PD-1 axis would synergize with our oncolytic vaccine platform PeptiCRAd. Methods We used murine B16OVA in vivo tumor models and flow cytometry analysis to investigate the immunological background. Results First, we found that high-burden B16OVA tumors were refractory to combination immunotherapy. However, with a more aggressive schedule, tumors with a lower burden were more susceptible to the combination of PeptiCRAd and PD-L1 blockade. The therapy signifi- cantly increased the median survival of mice (Fig. 7). Interestingly, the reduced growth of contralaterally injected B16F10 cells sug- gested the presence of a long lasting immunological memory also against non-targeted antigens. Concerning the functional state of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), we found that all the immune therapies would enhance the percentage of activated (PD-1pos TIM- 3neg) T lymphocytes and reduce the amount of exhausted (PD-1pos TIM-3pos) cells compared to placebo. As expected, we found that PeptiCRAd monotherapy could increase the number of antigen spe- cific CD8+ T cells compared to other treatments. However, only the combination with PD-L1 blockade could significantly increase the ra- tio between activated and exhausted pentamer positive cells (p= 0.0058), suggesting that by disrupting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis we could decrease the amount of dysfunctional antigen specific T cells. We ob- served that the anatomical location deeply influenced the state of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. In fact, TIM-3 expression was in- creased by 2 fold on TILs compared to splenic and lymphoid T cells. In the CD8+ compartment, the expression of PD-1 on the surface seemed to be restricted to the tumor micro-environment, while CD4 + T cells had a high expression of PD-1 also in lymphoid organs. Interestingly, we found that the levels of PD-1 were significantly higher on CD8+ T cells than on CD4+ T cells into the tumor micro- environment (p < 0.0001). Conclusions In conclusion, we demonstrated that the efficacy of immune check- point inhibitors might be strongly enhanced by their combination with cancer vaccines. PeptiCRAd was able to increase the number of antigen-specific T cells and PD-L1 blockade prevented their exhaus- tion, resulting in long-lasting immunological memory and increased median survival

Steuerung im Bildungssystem im internationalen Vergleich

Obwohl sich die Reformakteure in allen OECD-Staaten auf die Modelle des New Public Management und der evidenzbasierten Steuerung berufen, entstehen durch die selektive Implementation und Ausgestaltung unterschiedlicher Instrumente vor dem Hintergrund der jeweiligen national-kulturellen Traditionen der Schulpolitik ganz unterschiedliche Konfigurationen. Diese Steuerungskonfigurationen können danach beschrieben werden, wie sie die unterschiedlichen Regulierungsmechanismen (Wettbewerb, Bürokratie und professionelle Gemeinschaft) kombinieren. (DIPF/Orig.