Determinação da fragilidade osmótica eritrocitária de espécimes pertencentes à caatinga com aplicabilidades na farmácia clínica / Determination of erytrocyte osmotic fragility of specimens belonging to the caatinga eith applicability in clinical pharmacy

Introdução: O uso de plantas medicinais como agente terapêutico é uma das práticas mais remotas da humanidade, em visto disso, os estudos sobre a temática vêm recebendo ênfase nos últimos anos. A Caatinga é descrita como um dos biomas com maior biodiversidade, contudo, os estudos acerca dos espécimes vegetais pertencentes ainda são escassos, o que pode mascarar espécies com elevado potencial medicinal. Objetivo: Determinar a atividade toxicológica dos extratos brutos secos das espécies pertencentes a Caatinga. Metodologia: Exemplares de Caesalpinia pyramidalis Tul. (Catingueira), Prosopis juliflora (Sw) DC (Algaroba), Cereus jamacaru DC. (Mandacaru) e de Cnidoscolus phyllacanthus (müll. Arg.) Pax & khoffm. (Favela) foram coletados e produzidos seus extratos brutos secos (EBS). A toxicidade foi avaliada a partir determinação da Fragilidade Osmótica Eritrocitária (FOE), na qual, a metodologia foi validada por Dacie e Lewis (1975). Resultados: Os extratos de Poincianella pyramidalis (Tul.) e de Cereus jamacaru apresentaram respectivamente 5,05 e 3,33% de percentual de hemólise, caracterizando-as como praticamente atóxicas, em contrapartida Cnidoscolus phyllacanthus e Prosopis juliflora demonstraram nessa ordem 14,31% e 22,65%, inferindo um potencial tóxico mais elevado. Conclusões: Frente ao exposto foi possível verificar dados preliminares que demonstram a baixa toxicidade da Catingueira e do Mandacaru, sendo um indicativo para novos estudos que sejam capazes de esclarecer seu perfil toxicológico, bem como determinar sua eficácia e segurança, para que posteriormente possam ser inclusas nas práticas clínicas e alertar a comunidade acerca do uso da Favela e Algaroba que evidenciaram um potencial toxicológico mais expressivo, devendo ser utilizado com cautela

Efeitos colaterais da radioterapia na região de Cabeça e Pescoço

Este artigo tem por revisar a literatura relacionada às manifestações bucais decorrentes da radioterapia de cabeça e pescoço, além de abordar estratégias de manejo oral específicas para pacientes submetidos a esse tipo de tratamento. Para a construção deste artigo foi feito um levantamento bibliográfico nas bases de dados SciVerse Scopus, Scientific Eletronic Library Online (Scielo), U.S. National Library of Medicine (PUBMED) e ScienceDirect, usando o gerenciador de referências Mendeley. Os artigos foram coletados no período de maio a agosto de 2021 e contemplados entre os anos de 2015 a 2023. Em conclusão, os efeitos colaterais da radioterapia na região de cabeça e pescoço são desafios significativos, mas com a devida atenção e cuidado, é possível minimizar seu impacto na vida dos pacientes. É imperativo que a pesquisa e a prática clínica continuem a se concentrar no desenvolvimento de estratégias de prevenção e manejo eficazes, garantindo que os benefícios terapêuticos da radioterapia superem seus potenciais efeitos adversos

The complete genome sequence of Chromobacterium violaceum reveals remarkable and exploitable bacterial adaptability

Chromobacterium violaceum is one of millions of species of free-living microorganisms that populate the soil and water in the extant areas of tropical biodiversity around the world. Its complete genome sequence reveals (i) extensive alternative pathways for energy generation, (ii) ≈500 ORFs for transport-related proteins, (iii) complex and extensive systems for stress adaptation and motility, and (iv) wide-spread utilization of quorum sensing for control of inducible systems, all of which underpin the versatility and adaptability of the organism. The genome also contains extensive but incomplete arrays of ORFs coding for proteins associated with mammalian pathogenicity, possibly involved in the occasional but often fatal cases of human C. violaceum infection. There is, in addition, a series of previously unknown but important enzymes and secondary metabolites including paraquat-inducible proteins, drug and heavy-metal-resistance proteins, multiple chitinases, and proteins for the detoxification of xenobiotics that may have biotechnological applications

DIREITOS SEXUAIS E PLANEJAMENTO REPRODUTIVO NO BRASIL: a perspectiva de gênero e controle social

Capítulo 5 - E-book "Questão Social: contemporaneidades em ciências aplicadas, educação, economia e política" - publicado pela Thesis Editora Científica. https://thesiseditora.com.br

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora