Functional relations between locomotor performance traits in spiders and implications for evolutionary hypotheses

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Locomotor performance in ecologically relevant activities is often linked to individual fitness. Recent controversy over evolution of extreme sexual size dimorphism (SSD) in spiders centres on the relationship between size and locomotor capacity in males. Advantages for large males running over horizontal surfaces and small males climbing vertically have been proposed. Models have implicitly treated running and climbing as functionally distinct activities and failed to consider the possibility that they reflect common underlying capacities.</p> <p>Findings</p> <p>We examine the relationship between maximum climbing and running performance in males of three spider species. Maximum running and climbing speeds were positively related in two orb-web spiders with high SSD (<it>Argiope keyserlingi </it>and <it>Nephila plumipes</it>), indicating that for these species assays of running and climbing largely reveal the same underlying capacities. Running and climbing speeds were not related in a jumping spider with low SSD (<it>Jacksonoides queenslandica</it>). We found no evidence of a performance trade-off between these activities.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>In the web-spiders <it>A. keyserlingi </it>and <it>N. plumipes </it>good runners were also good climbers. This indicates that climbing and running largely represent a single locomotor performance characteristic in these spiders, but this was not the case for the jumping spider <it>J. queenslandica</it>. There was no evidence of a trade-off between maximum running and climbing speeds in these spiders. We highlight the need to establish the relationship between apparently disparate locomotor activities when testing alternative hypotheses that yield predictions about different locomotor activities. Analysis of slopes suggests greater potential for an evolutionary response on performance in the horizontal compared to vertical context in these spiders.</p

Mating, but Not Male Accessory Gland Products, Changes Female Response to Olfactory Cues in Anastrepha Fruit Flies

Copulation and/or ejaculate components can alter female physiological state and female post-mating behavior. The objective of the present study was to determine if copulation and male reproductive accessory gland products (MAGs) modify the behavior of female Anastrepha ludens (Loew) and Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart; Diptera: Tephritidae) in response to two stimuli: male-emitted pheromone and oviposition host volatiles. Olfactometry studies revealed that mated females of both A. ludens and A. obliqua have a stronger response for host volatiles compared to unmated females, which have a stronger response for male pheromone. We also examined olfactory responses of females mated to testectomized males who could transfer MAGs but not sperm. In both species, MAGs alone did not cause the change in the olfactory response observed after copulation, unlike what has been found in Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). Females mated to testectomized males responded equally to the male sex pheromone or to host volatiles, thus suggesting that the whole ejaculate is needed to elicit the complete behavioral switch in olfactory response. The function of MAGs is still unknown in these two pests of economic importance. The response for host volatiles by mated females has implications for the development of baits and traps that should preferably attract and target this population.Fil: Córdova García, Guadalupe. Universidad Veracruzana; MéxicoFil: Sirot, Laura. The College Of Wooster; Estados UnidosFil: Abraham, Solana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos; ArgentinaFil: Díaz Fleischer, Francisco. Universidad Veracruzana; MéxicoFil: Flores Estevez, Norma. Universidad Veracruzana; MéxicoFil: López Ortega, Maurilio. Universidad Veracruzana; MéxicoFil: Pérez Staples, Diana. Universidad Veracruzana; Méxic

Propietarias españolas en México ante los efectos de la Revolución: pérdidas patrimoniales y búsqueda de indemnizaciones, 1910 a 1938

The text aims to examine the impact that the Mexican Revolution movement had on the female Spanish Nationals whose assets were affected by measures such as seizure, theft, fire, forced loans and so on which were implemented by various revolutionary groups.It is interesting to note the strategies these women used to obtain compensation from the Mexican Government that allowed them to regain a part of their heritage.We also want to know the profile of these women and the causes that led them to have to fight on their own behalf to defend their interests.By consulting the files from the three commissions of claims - in particular the Joint Hispano-Mexicana Claims Committee - we seek to provide an overview at the national level that will allow us to compare the cases of these foreign women. By doing this we approacha group of women who had to push the boundaries of the female social ideal, in different ways to others who actively participated in the armed struggle (adelitas, female soldiers, political activists). They were affected by their immediate environment; the family, livelihood, business, gender roles and class, and so on.El texto pretende analizar el impacto que el movimiento de la Revolución Mexicana tuvo en las mujeres de nacionalidad española que vieron afectados sus bienes a través de mecanismos tales como incautaciones, robo, incendio, préstamos forzosos, etc., implementados por diversos grupos revolucionarios. Interesa destacar las estrategias a las que acudieron estas mujeres para obtener una indemnización del gobierno mexicano que les permitiera recobrar una parte de su patrimonio. Asimismo, queremos conocer el perfil de las propietarias y las causas que las llevaron a tener que luchar en su propio nombre por la defensa de sus intereses. A través de la consulta de los expedientes integrados por las tres comisiones de reclamaciones —en particular la Comisión Mixta Hispano-Mexicana de Reclamaciones— buscamos ofrecer una perspectiva general a nivel nacional que nos permita comparar los casos de estas extranjeras. Con ello nos proponemos acercarnos a un grupo de mujeres que tuvo que traspasar los límites del ideal social femenino, de una forma distinta a como lo hicieron aquellas otras que participaron activamente en la lucha armada (adelitas, soldaderas, activistas políticas). Aquí se trata de las que fueron afectadas en su entorno inmediato, que comprendía la familia, el sustento, los negocios, los roles de género y clase, etc

Formas de descontento y movimientos sociales, siglos XIX y XX

1 archivo PDF (496 páginas)Textos que se propone estudiar las maneras de articular la contienda, la resistencia y el enfrentamiento desde diferentes ámbitos y experiencias de análisis. Es un abanico de miradas, visiones, horizontes y perspectivas analíticas. Los autores, desde sus propios temas y experiencias, analizaron las diversidades de los movimientos sociales, su naturaleza, necesidades, demandas, orientación, dinámica, visiones, expectativas y derivaciones, así como las percepciones que han generado tanto en su momento como en quienes se han preocupado por estudiarlos

Phylogenetics Applied to Genotype/Phenotype Association and Selection Analyses with Sequence Data from Angptl4 in Humans

Genotype/phenotype association analyses (Treescan) with plasma lipid levels and functional site prediction methods (TreeSAAP and PolyPhen) were performed using sequence data for ANGPTL4 from 3,551 patients in the Dallas Heart Study. Biological assays of rare variants in phenotypic tails and results from a Treescan analysis were used as “known” variants to assess the site prediction abilities of PolyPhen and TreeSAAP. The E40K variant in European Americans and the R278Q variant in African Americans were significantly associated with multiple lipid phenotypes. Combining TreeSAAP and PolyPhen performed well to predict “known” functional variants while reducing noise from false positives

Dispersive solid-phase microextraction with graphene oxide based molecularly imprinted polymers for determining bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in environmental water

A novel graphene oxide-molecularly imprinted polymers (GO-MIPs) was prepared and applied for selective extraction and preconcentration of bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in environmental water samples by using the dispersive solid-phase microextraction (DSPME) method. The GO-MIPs was synthesized via precipitation polymerization using GO, DEHP, methacrylic acid, and ethylene dimethacrylate as supporting materials, template molecules, functional monomer, and cross-linker, respectively. The prepared GO-MIPs were characterized by scanning electron microscope and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The GO-MIPs-DSPME conditions including type and volume of elution solvents, adsorbents amount, initial concentration of DEHP, pH and ionic strength of water samples were investigated. Under optimized conditions, the DEHP was selectively and effectively extracted in real water samples and enrichment factors of over 100-fold were achieved. Good linearity was obtained with correlation coefficients (R2) over 0.999 and the detection limit (S/N = 3) was 0.92 ng mL−1. The average recoveries of the spiked samples at three concentration levels of DEHP ranged from 82% to 92% with the relative standard deviations less than 6.7%. The results indicated that the proposed GO-MIPs-DSPME extraction protocol combined with HPLC-UV determination could be applied for selective and sensitive analysis of trace DEHP phthalate in environmental water samples

Plant chemicals and the sexual behavior of male tephritid fruit flies

Plant compounds affect insects in many different ways. In addition to being a food source, plants also contain secondary metabolites that may have positive and negative impacts on insects. The influence of these compounds on sexual behavior, in particular, has been the focus of many recent studies. Here, we review the existing literature on the effects of plant compounds on the sexual behavior of tephritid fruit fly males. We put special focus on polyphagous species whose males congregate in leks, where females exert strong mate selection. We first summarize the main findings related to plant compounds that increase male signaling behavior and attraction of females and consequently increase mating frequency, a phenomenon that has been recorded mainly for species of Anastrepha and Ceratitis. In other tephritid species, males are attracted to phenylpropanoids produced by plants (such as methyl eugenol or raspberry ketone) that, upon encounter, are consumed and sequestered by males. These compounds, or metabolic derivatives, which normally have negligible nutritional value, are included in the pheromone and also confer advantages in a sexual context: enhanced female attraction and improved male mating success. These phenomena have been reported for several Bactrocera species as well as for Zeugodacus cucurbitae. Because many tephritid species are serious pests, the effect of plant compounds on male behavior has been explored for potential incorporation into control strategies such as the sterile insect technique (SIT). We conclude noting several factors, such as age and nutrition during larval and adult stage, that modulate the effect of plant compounds on male mating behavior as well as some prominent gaps that preclude a thorough understanding of the plant-mediated enhancement of male sexual performance and hence limit our ability to effectively utilize phytochemicals in pest control strategies.Instituto de GenéticaFil: Segura, Diego Fernando. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Genética. Laboratorio de Genética de Insectos de Importancia Económica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Belliard, Silvina A. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Genética. Laboratorio de Genética de Insectos de Importancia Económica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Vera, María Teresa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia; ArgentinaFil: Bachmann, Guillermo Enrique. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Genética. Laboratorio de Genética de Insectos de Importancia Económica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Ruiz, María Josefina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia; ArgentinaFil: Jofre-Barud, Flavia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Juan; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Fernández, Patricia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Delta del Paraná; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Lopez, M. Liza. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Juan; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Shelly, Todd E. United States Department of Agriculture. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service; Estados Unido