34 research outputs found
The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs, Wolf 1069 b: Earth-mass planet in the habitable zone of a nearby, very low-mass star
We present the discovery of an Earth-mass planet () on a 15.6d orbit of a relatively nearby (9.6pc)
and low-mass () M5.0V star, Wolf 1069. Sitting at a
separation of au away from the host star puts Wolf 1069b in
the habitable zone (HZ), receiving an incident flux of
. The planetary signal was detected using
telluric-corrected radial-velocity (RV) data from the CARMENES spectrograph,
amounting to a total of 262 spectroscopic observations covering almost four
years. There are additional long-period signals in the RVs, one of which we
attribute to the stellar rotation period. This is possible thanks to our
photometric analysis including new, well-sampled monitoring campaigns undergone
with the OSN and TJO facilities that supplement archival photometry (i.e., from
MEarth and SuperWASP), and this yielded an updated rotational period range of
d, with a likely value at d. The stellar
activity indicators provided by the CARMENES spectra likewise demonstrate
evidence for the slow rotation period, though not as accurately due to possible
factors such as signal aliasing or spot evolution. Our detectability limits
indicate that additional planets more massive than one Earth mass with orbital
periods of less than 10 days can be ruled out, suggesting that perhaps Wolf
1069 b had a violent formation history. This planet is also the 6th closest
Earth-mass planet situated in the conservative HZ, after Proxima Centauri b, GJ
1061d, Teegarden's Star c, and GJ 1002 b and c. Despite not transiting, Wolf
1069b is nonetheless a very promising target for future three-dimensional
climate models to investigate various habitability cases as well as for
sub-ms RV campaigns to search for potential inner sub-Earth-mass planets
in order to test planet formation theories.Comment: 26 pages, 15 figure
The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. Wolf 1069 b: Earth-mass planet in the habitable zone of a nearby, very low-mass star
D. Kossakowski et al.We present the discovery of an Earth-mass planet (Mb sin i = 1.26 ± 0.21 Mâ) on a 15.6 d orbit of a relatively nearby (d ~ 9.6 pc) and low-mass (0.167 ± 0.011 Mâ) M5.0 V star, Wolf 1069. Sitting at a separation of 0.0672 ± 0.0014 au away from the host star puts Wolf 1069 b in the habitable zone (HZ), receiving an incident flux of S = 0.652 ± 0.029 Sâ. The planetary signal was detected using telluric-corrected radial-velocity (RV) data from the CARMENES spectrograph, amounting to a total of 262 spectroscopic observations covering almost four years. There are additional long-period signals in the RVs, one of which we attribute to the stellar rotation period. This is possible thanks to our photometric analysis including new, well-sampled monitoring campaigns undergone with the OSN and TJO facilities that supplement archival photometry (i.e., from MEarth and SuperWASP), and this yielded an updated rotational period range of Prot = 150â170 d, with a likely value at 169.3â3.6+3.7. The stellar activity indicators provided by the CARMENES spectra likewise demonstrate evidence for the slow rotation period, though not as accurately due to possible factors such as signal aliasing or spot evolution. Our detectability limits indicate that additional planets more massive than one Earth mass with orbital periods of less than 10 days can be ruled out, suggesting that perhaps Wolf 1069 b had a violent formation history. This planet is also the sixth closest Earth-mass planet situated in the conservative HZ, after Proxima Centauri b, GJ 1061 d, Teegardenâs Star c, and GJ 1002 b and c. Despite not transiting, Wolf 1069 b is nonetheless a very promising target for future three-dimensional climate models to investigate various habitability cases as well as for sub-m sâ1 RV campaigns to search for potential inner sub-Earth-mass planets in order to test planet formation theories.Part of this work was supported by the German Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG project number Ts 17/2â1. CARMENES is an instrument at the Centra AstronĂłmico Hispano-AlemĂĄn (CAHA) at Calar Alto (AlmerĂa, Spain), operated jointly by the Junta de AndalucĂa and the Instituto de AstrofĂsica de AndalucĂa (CSIC). CARMENES was funded by the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft (MPG), the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientĂficas (CSIC), the Ministerio de EconomĂa y Competitividad (MINECO) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through projects FICTS-2011-02, ICTS-2017-07-CAHA-4, and CAHA16-CE-3978, and the members of the CARMENES Consortium (Max-Planck-Institut fĂŒr Astronomie, Instituto de AstrofĂsica de AndalucĂa, Landessternwarte Königstuhl, Institut de CiĂšncies de lâEspai, Institut fĂŒr Astrophysik Göttingen, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, ThĂŒringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, Instituto de AstrofĂsica de Canarias, Hamburger Sternwarte, Centro de AstrobiologĂa and Centro AstronĂłmico Hispano-AlemĂĄn), with additional contributions by the MINECO, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft through the Major Research Instrumentation Programme and Research Unit FOR2544 âBlue Planets around Red Starsâ, the Klaus Tschira Stiftung, the states of Baden-WĂŒrttemberg and Niedersachsen, and by the Junta de AndalucĂa. We acknowledge financial support from the Agencia Estatal de InvestigaciĂłn of the Ministerio de Ciencia e InnovaciĂłn (AEI/10.13039/501100011033) and the ERDF âA way of making Europeâ through projects PID2019-109522GB-C5[1:4], PID2019-107061GB-C64, and PID2019-110689RB-100, and the Centre of Excellence âSevero Ochoaâ and âMarĂa de Maeztuâ awards to the Instituto de AstrofĂsica de Canarias (SEV-2015-0548), Instituto de AstrofĂsica de AndalucĂa (SEV-2017-0709), and Centro de AstrobiologĂa (MDM-2017-0737); the European Research Council under the Horizon 2020 Framework Program (ERC Advanced Grant Origins 832428 and under Marie SkĆodowska-Curie grant 895525); the Generalitat de Catalunya/CERCA programme; the DFG through the priority program SPP 1992 âExploring the Diversity of Extrasolar Planets (JE 701/5-1)â and the Research Unit FOR 2544 âBlue Planets around Red Starsâ (KU 3625/2-1); the Bulgarian National Science Fund through program âVIHREN-2021â (KP-06-DV/5); the SNSF under grant P2BEP2_195285; the National Science Foundation under award No. 1753373, and by a Clare Boothe Luce Professorship.Peer reviewe
Ecological and Physiological Studies of Gymnodinium catenatum in the Mexican Pacific: A Review
This review presents a detailed analysis of the state of knowledge of studies done in Mexico related to the dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum, a paralytic toxin producer. This species was first reported in the Gulf of California in 1939; since then most studies in Mexico have focused on local blooms and seasonal variations. G. catenatum is most abundant during March and April, usually associated with water temperatures between 18 and 25 ÂșC and an increase in nutrients. In vitro studies of G. catenatum strains from different bays along the Pacific coast of Mexico show that this species can grow in wide ranges of salinities, temperatures, and N:P ratios. Latitudinal differences are observed in the toxicity and toxin profile, but the presence of dcSTX, dcGTX2-3, C1, and C2 are usual components. A common characteristic of the toxin profile found in shellfish, when G. catenatum is present in the coastal environment, is the detection of dcGTX2-3, dcSTX, C1, and C2. Few bioassay studies have reported effects in mollusks and lethal effects in mice, and shrimp; however no adverse effects have been observed in the copepod Acartia clausi. Interestingly, genetic sequencing of D1-D2 LSU rDNA revealed that it differs only in one base pair, compared with strains from other regions
Lo glocal y el turismo. Nuevos paradigmas de interpretaciĂłn.
El estudio del turismo se realiza desde mĂșltiples escalas y enfoques, este libro aborda muchos temas que es necesario discutir desde diversas perspectivas; es el caso de la reflexiĂłn sobre la propia disciplina y sus conceptos, asĂ como los asuntos especĂficos referidos al impacto territorial, los tipos de turismo, las cuestiones ambientales, el tema de la pobreza, la competitividad, las polĂticas pĂșblicas, el papel de las universidades, las ĂĄreas naturales protegidas, la sustentabilidad, la cultura, el desarrollo, la seguridad, todos temas centrales documentados y expuestos con originalidad y dominio del asunto. Lo multiescalar es bĂĄsico para la comprensiĂłn del sistema turĂstico, sistema formado de procesos globales, regionales y locales. El eje de discusiĂłn del libro es lo glocal, esa interacciĂłn entre lo nacional y local con lo global
The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. Two temperate Earth-mass planet candidates around Teegardenâs Star
Context.Teegardenâs Star is the brightest and one of the nearest ultra-cool dwarfs in the solar neighbourhood. For its late spectral type (M7.0 V),the star shows relatively little activity and is a prime target for near-infrared radial velocity surveys such as CARMENES.Aims.As part of the CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs, we obtained more than 200 radial-velocity measurements of TeegardenâsStar and analysed them for planetary signals.Methods.We find periodic variability in the radial velocities of Teegardenâs Star. We also studied photometric measurements to rule out stellarbrightness variations mimicking planetary signals.Results.We find evidence for two planet candidates, each with 1.1Mâminimum mass, orbiting at periods of 4.91 and 11.4 d, respectively. Noevidence for planetary transits could be found in archival and follow-up photometry. Small photometric variability is suggestive of slow rotationand old age.Conclusions.The two planets are among the lowest-mass planets discovered so far, and they are the first Earth-mass planets around an ultra-cooldwarf for which the masses have been determined using radial velocities.We thank the referee Rodrigo DĂaz for a careful review andhelpful comments. M.Z. acknowledges support from the Deutsche Forschungs-gemeinschaft under DFG RE 1664/12-1 and Research Unit FOR2544 âBluePlanets around Red Starsâ, project no. RE 1664/14-1. CARMENES isan instrument for the Centro AstronĂłmico Hispano-AlemĂĄn de Calar Alto(CAHA, AlmerĂa, Spain). CARMENES is funded by the German Max-Planck-Gesellschaft (MPG), the Spanish Consejo Superior de InvestigacionesCientĂficas (CSIC), the European Union through FEDER/ERF FICTS-2011-02 funds, and the members of the CARMENES Consortium (Max-Planck-Institut fĂŒr Astronomie, Instituto de AstrofĂsica de AndalucĂa, LandessternwarteKönigstuhl, Institut de CiĂšncies de lâEspai, Institut fĂŒr Astrophysik Göttingen,Universidad Complutense de Madrid, ThĂŒringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg,Instituto de AstrofĂsica de Canarias, Hamburger Sternwarte, Centro de Astro-biologĂa and Centro AstronĂłmico Hispano-AlemĂĄn), with additional contribu-tions by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, the German Science Foundationthrough the Major Research Instrumentation Programme and DFG ResearchUnit FOR2544 âBlue Planets around Red Starsâ, the Klaus Tschira Stiftung, thestates of Baden-WĂŒrttemberg and Niedersachsen, and by the Junta de AndalucĂa.Based on data from the CARMENES data archive at CAB (INTA-CSIC). Thisarticle is based on observations made with the MuSCAT2 instrument, devel-oped by ABC, at Telescopio Carlos SĂĄnchez operated on the island of Tener-ife by the IAC in the Spanish Observatorio del Teide. Data were partly col-lected with the 150-cm and 90-cm telescopes at the Sierra Nevada Observa-tory (SNO) operated by the Instituto de AstrofĂsica de AndalucĂa (IAA-CSIC).Data were partly obtained with the MONET/South telescope of the MOnitoringNEtwork of Telescopes, funded by the Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und HalbachFoundation, Essen, and operated by the Georg-August-UniversitĂ€t Göttingen,the McDonald Observatory of the University of Texas at Austin, and the SouthAfrican Astronomical Observatory. We acknowledge financial support from theSpanish Agencia Estatal de InvestigaciĂłn of the Ministerio de Ciencia, Inno-vaciĂłn y Universidades and the European FEDER/ERF funds through projectsAYA2015-69350-C3-2-P, AYA2016-79425-C3-1/2/3-P, AYA2018-84089, BES-2017-080769, BES-2017-082610, ESP2015-65712-C5-5-R, ESP2016-80435-C2-1/2-R, ESP2017-87143-R, ESP2017-87676-2-2, ESP2017-87676-C5-1/2/5-R, FPU15/01476, RYC-2012-09913, the Centre of Excellence âSevero Ochoaâand âMarĂa de Maeztuâ awards to the Instituto de AstrofĂsica de Canarias (SEV-2015-0548), Instituto de AstrofĂsica de AndalucĂa (SEV-2017-0709), and Cen-tro de AstrobiologĂa (MDM-2017-0737), the Generalitat de Catalunya throughCERCA programmeâ, the Deutsches Zentrum fĂŒr Luft- und Raumfahrt throughgrants 50OW0204 and 50OO1501, the European Research Council through grant694513, the Italian Ministero dellâinstruzione, dellâuniversitĂ de della ricerca andUniversitĂ degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata through FFABR 2017 and âMis-sion: Sustainability 2016â, the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council through grant ST/P000592/1, the Israel Science Foundation through grant848/16, the Chilean CONICYT-FONDECYT through grant 3180405, the Mexi-can CONACYT through grant CVU 448248, the JSPS KAKENHI through grantsJP18H01265 and 18H05439, and the JST PRESTO through grant JPMJPR1775
CIBERER : Spanish national network for research on rare diseases: A highly productive collaborative initiative
Altres ajuts: Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII); Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación.CIBER (Center for Biomedical Network Research; Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red) is a public national consortium created in 2006 under the umbrella of the Spanish National Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII). This innovative research structure comprises 11 different specific areas dedicated to the main public health priorities in the National Health System. CIBERER, the thematic area of CIBER focused on rare diseases (RDs) currently consists of 75 research groups belonging to universities, research centers, and hospitals of the entire country. CIBERER's mission is to be a center prioritizing and favoring collaboration and cooperation between biomedical and clinical research groups, with special emphasis on the aspects of genetic, molecular, biochemical, and cellular research of RDs. This research is the basis for providing new tools for the diagnosis and therapy of low-prevalence diseases, in line with the International Rare Diseases Research Consortium (IRDiRC) objectives, thus favoring translational research between the scientific environment of the laboratory and the clinical setting of health centers. In this article, we intend to review CIBERER's 15-year journey and summarize the main results obtained in terms of internationalization, scientific production, contributions toward the discovery of new therapies and novel genes associated to diseases, cooperation with patients' associations and many other topics related to RD research
Young stars and brown dwarfs surrounding Alnilam (eps Ori) and Mintaka (del Ori)
Aims: We look for new regions for the search of substellar objects. Methods:
Two circular areas, 45 arcmin-radius each, centred on the young massive star
systems Alnilam and Mintaka in the Orion Belt, have been explored. The regions
are very young (less than 10 Ma), have low extinction, and are neighbours to
sigma Orionis (~3 Ma), a young open cluster very rich in brown dwarfs and
planetary-mass objects. We have used Virtual Observatory tools, the
astro-photometric Tycho-2, DENIS and 2MASS catalogues, 10 control fields at
similar galactic latitudes, and X-ray, mid-infrared and spectroscopic data from
the literature. Results: We have compiled exhaustive lists of known young stars
and new candidate members in the Ori OB1b association, and of fore- and
background sources. A total of 136 stars display features of extreme youth,
like early spectral types, lithium in absorption, or mid-infrared flux excess.
Other two young brown dwarf and 289 star candidates have been identified from
an optical/near-infrared colour-magnitude diagram. We list additional 74 known
objects that might belong to the association. This catalogue can serve as an
input for characterisation of the stellar and high-mass substellar populations
in the Orion Belt. Finally, we have investigated the surface densities and
radial distributions of young objects surrounding Alnilam and Mintaka, and
compared them with those in the sigma Orionis cluster. We report a new open
cluster centred on Mintaka. Conclusions: Both regions can be analogs to the
sigma Orionis cluster, but more massive, more extended, slightly older, and
less radially concentrated.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A. It will be published on line in
Sect. 14 (Catalogs and data). Tables in Appendix A will soon be available at
the CD
Recommended from our members
Dietary αâLinolenic Acid, Marine Ïâ3 Fatty Acids, and Mortality in a Population With High Fish Consumption: Findings From the PREvenciĂłn con DIeta MEDiterrĂĄnea (PREDIMED) Study
Background: Epidemiological evidence suggests a cardioprotective role of αâlinolenic acid (ALA), a plantâderived Ïâ3 fatty acid. It is unclear whether ALA is beneficial in a background of high marine Ïâ3 fatty acids (longâchain nâ3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) intake. In persons at high cardiovascular risk from Spain, a country in which fish consumption is customarily high, we investigated whether meeting the International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids recommendation for dietary ALA (0.7% of total energy) at baseline was related to allâcause and cardiovascular disease mortality. We also examined the effect of meeting the society's recommendation for longâchain nâ3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (â„500 mg/day). Methods and Results: We longitudinally evaluated 7202 participants in the PREvenciĂłn con DIeta MEDiterrĂĄnea (PREDIMED) trial. Multivariableâadjusted Cox regression models were fitted to estimate hazard ratios. ALA intake correlated to walnut consumption (r=0.94). During a 5.9ây followâup, 431 deaths occurred (104 cardiovascular disease, 55 coronary heart disease, 32 sudden cardiac death, 25 stroke). The hazard ratios for meeting ALA recommendation (n=1615, 22.4%) were 0.72 (95% CI 0.56â0.92) for allâcause mortality and 0.95 (95% CI 0.58â1.57) for fatal cardiovascular disease. The hazard ratios for meeting the recommendation for longâchain nâ3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n=5452, 75.7%) were 0.84 (95% CI 0.67â1.05) for allâcause mortality, 0.61 (95% CI 0.39â0.96) for fatal cardiovascular disease, 0.54 (95% CI 0.29â0.99) for fatal coronary heart disease, and 0.49 (95% CI 0.22â1.01) for sudden cardiac death. The highest reduction in allâcause mortality occurred in participants meeting both recommendations (hazard ratio 0.63 [95% CI 0.45â0.87]). Conclusions: In participants without prior cardiovascular disease and high fish consumption, dietary ALA, supplied mainly by walnuts and olive oil, relates inversely to allâcause mortality, whereas protection from cardiac mortality is limited to fishâderived longâchain nâ3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Clinical Trial Registration URL: http://www.Controlled-trials.com/. Unique identifier: ISRCTN35739639
International nosocomial infection control consortium (INICC) report, data summary of 36 countries, for 2004-2009
The results of a surveillance study conducted by the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) from January 2004 through December 2009 in 422 intensive care units (ICUs) of 36 countries in Latin America, Asia, Africa, and Europe are reported. During the 6-year study period, using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN; formerly the National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance system [NNIS]) definitions for device-associated health care-associated infections, we gathered prospective data from 313,008 patients hospitalized in the consortium's ICUs for an aggregate of 2,194,897 ICU bed-days. Despite the fact that the use of devices in the developing countries' ICUs was remarkably similar to that reported in US ICUs in the CDC's NHSN, rates of device-associated nosocomial infection were significantly higher in the ICUs of the INICC hospitals; the pooled rate of central line-associated bloodstream infection in the INICC ICUs of 6.8 per 1,000 central line-days was more than 3-fold higher than the 2.0 per 1,000 central line-days reported in comparable US ICUs. The overall rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia also was far higher (15.8 vs 3.3 per 1,000 ventilator-days), as was the rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (6.3 vs. 3.3 per 1,000 catheter-days). Notably, the frequencies of resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates to imipenem (47.2% vs 23.0%), Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates to ceftazidime (76.3% vs 27.1%), Escherichia coli isolates to ceftazidime (66.7% vs 8.1%), Staphylococcus aureus isolates to methicillin (84.4% vs 56.8%), were also higher in the consortium's ICUs, and the crude unadjusted excess mortalities of device-related infections ranged from 7.3% (for catheter-associated urinary tract infection) to 15.2% (for ventilator-associated pneumonia). Copyright © 2012 by the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved