Fuzzy Networked Control Systems Design Considering Scheduling Restrictions

Nowadays network control systems present a common approximation when connectivity is the issue to be solved based on time delays coupling from external factors. However, this approach tends to be complex in terms of time delays. Therefore, it is necessary to study the behavior of the delays as well as the integration into differential equations of these bounded delays. The related time delays needs to be known a priory but from a dynamic real-time behavior. To do so, the use of priority dynamic Priority exchange scheduling is performed. The objective of this paper is to show a way to tackle multiple time delays that are bounded and the dynamic response from real-time scheduling approximation. The related control law is designed considering fuzzy logic approximation for nonlinear time delays coupling, where the main advantage is the integration of this behavior through extended state space representation keeping certain linear and bounded behavior and leading to a stable situation during events presentation by guaranteeing stability through Lyapunov

Fuzzy Networked Control Systems Design Considering Scheduling Restrictions

Nowadays network control systems present a common approximation when connectivity is the issue to be solved based on time delays coupling from external factors. However, this approach tends to be complex in terms of time delays. Therefore, it is necessary to study the behavior of the delays as well as the integration into differential equations of these bounded delays. The related time delays needs to be known a priory but from a dynamic real-time behavior. To do so, the use of priority dynamic Priority exchange scheduling is performed. The objective of this paper is to show a way to tackle multiple time delays that are bounded and the dynamic response from real-time scheduling approximation. The related control law is designed considering fuzzy logic approximation for nonlinear time delays coupling, where the main advantage is the integration of this behavior through extended state space representation keeping certain linear and bounded behavior and leading to a stable situation during events presentation by guaranteeing stability through Lyapunov

Evaluación de Quassia amara como tratamiento contra la varroosis en tres apiarios del municipio de León, Nicaragua

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/universitas.v5i1.1482 UNIVERSITAS (León): Revista Científica de la UNAN León Vol.5(1) 2014, pp 100-106Se realizó un estudio experimental en tres apiarios con las mismas condiciones físicas y ambientales con el fin de evaluar la eficacia del extracto acuoso Quassia amara como tratamiento contra Varroa destructor utilizando para esto cinco grupos de tratamiento: Colmena ST: Sin tratamiento, es el control y cuatro colmenas a las que se les aplicó el extracto de Quassia amara en diferentes concentraciones: Colmena A: solución madre (M) 100% (1 kg materia bruta/10 l de agua); Colmena B: dilución I = Una parte de solución M más 4 partes de agua (20%); Colmena C: dilución II = Una parte de la dilución I más una parte de agua (10%); Colmena D: dilución III = Una parte de dilución II más una parte de agua (5%). Se realizaron seis aplicaciones mediante aspersión con intervalo de cuatro días. Los índices de infestación fueron valorados mediante conteos de la carga parasitaria en abejas adultas de cada colmena y las muestras se recolectaron en los siguientes momentos: Al realizar la primera, tercera y última aplicaciones, y 21 días después de la última. La extensión de invasión en crías se determinó en la primera y última aplicaciones y 21 días después. En total se trabajaron 60 muestras de abejas adultas de 150 a 200 especímenes y 45 fragmentos de panales de cría operculada de 10x10 cm. Se encontró que la dilución I fue la más efectiva sobre el ácaro en abejas adultas, con el mejor resultado a la cuarta semana del inicio de la aplicación (eficacia = 62%) mientras que en crías la más efectiva fue la dilución IV (eficacia = 23,10%). La planta Quassia amara brinda una alternativa prometedora de posible futura integración a las medidas con que los productores enfrentan el problema de la varroosis. La información recopilada contribuirá a la elaboración de un programa de control de esta enfermedad. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/universitas.v5i1.1482 UNIVERSITAS (León): Revista Científica de la UNAN León Vol.5(1) 2014, pp 100-10

Long-term thermal sensitivity of Earth’s tropical forests

The sensitivity of tropical forest carbon to climate is a key uncertainty in predicting global climate change. Although short-term drying and warming are known to affect forests, it is unknown if such effects translate into long-term responses. Here, we analyze 590 permanent plots measured across the tropics to derive the equilibrium climate controls on forest carbon. Maximum temperature is the most important predictor of aboveground biomass (−9.1 megagrams of carbon per hectare per degree Celsius), primarily by reducing woody productivity, and has a greater impact per °C in the hottest forests (>32.2°C). Our results nevertheless reveal greater thermal resilience than observations of short-term variation imply. To realize the long-term climate adaptation potential of tropical forests requires both protecting them and stabilizing Earth’s climate

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio