Harvest interval for phytomass production of peppermint transplanted in summer and winter

The objective of this study was to determine the appropriate harvest interval for the phytomass production of peppermint (Mentha x piperita L.) transplanted in summer and winter. Two experiments were carried out in soilless cultivation, one with transplantation in summer and the other with transplantation in winter, in a completely randomized design, with five harvest intervals (30, 45, 60, 72, and 90 days) and four replicates. Fresh and dry matter weights of leaves, branches and shoots were determined. The fresh matter weight of peppermint leaves and the daily growth rate of this trait were similar between the harvest intervals for the transplantation performed in the summer. The dry matter weight of leaves was higher for the intervals of 72 days (90.80 g plant-1) and 90 days (90.24 g plant-1). For the transplantation performed in winter, the fresh matter and dry matter weights of leaves were higher for the intervals of 60 days (660.54 g plant-1, 107.14 g plant-1) and 90 days (630.40 g plant-1, 105.95 g plant-1). The same was observed for the daily growth rates of these traits. Peppermint harvests at 60-day intervals in winter transplantation are more appropriate for phytomass production. In summer transplantation, one can opt for the 45-day interval.The objective of this study was to determine the appropriate harvest interval for the phytomass production of peppermint (Mentha x piperita L.) transplanted in summer and winter. Two experiments were carried out in soilless cultivation, one with transplantation in summer and the other with transplantation in winter, in a completely randomized design, with five harvest intervals (30, 45, 60, 72, and 90 days) and four replicates. Fresh and dry matter weights of leaves, branches and shoots were determined. The fresh matter weight of peppermint leaves and the daily growth rate of this trait were similar between the harvest intervals for the transplantation performed in the summer. The dry matter weight of leaves was higher for the intervals of 72 days (90.80 g plant-1) and 90 days (90.24 g plant-1). For the transplantation performed in winter, the fresh matter and dry matter weights of leaves were higher for the intervals of 60 days (660.54 g plant-1, 107.14 g plant-1) and 90 days (630.40 g plant-1, 105.95 g plant-1). The same was observed for the daily growth rates of these traits. Peppermint harvests at 60-day intervals in winter transplantation are more appropriate for phytomass production. In summer transplantation, one can opt for the 45-day interval

Suficiência amostral para estimar a média de caracteres de trigo

The objective of this work was to determine the sample size necessary for estimating the means of wheat (Triticum aestivum) traits, obtained through measurement, counting, and weighing. Seventeen uniformity trials were performed with 1,790 plants harvested randomly, whose following traits were evaluated: lengths of the main stem and main stem ear (measurement); number of leaves, stems, and ears (counting); and mass of fresh and dry matter of leaves, stems, and ears (weighing). The Bartlett and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests and Welch’s analysis of variance were performed. Skewness, central tendency, and variability were determined, and sample size was calculated to estimate the means of the 13 evaluated traits, considering estimation errors (semi-amplitudes of the 95% confidence interval) equal to 5, 10, 15, and 20% of the mean. There is a decrease in the sample size to estimate the means of wheat traits obtained through weighing, counting, and measuring, in this order. In an experiment to estimate the mean of wheat traits obtained by weighing, counting, and measuring with a maximum error of 10% of the mean at a 95% confidence interval, 117, 76, and 9 plants per treatment are needed, respectively.O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o tamanho de amostra necessário para estimar a média de caracteres de trigo (Triticum aestivum) obtidos por meio de medição, contagem e pesagem. Dezessete ensaios de uniformidade foram feitos com 1,790 plantas colhidas aleatoriamente, cujos seguintes caracteres foram avaliados: comprimentos do colmo principal e da espiga do colmo principal (medição); número de folhas, colmos e espigas (contagem); e massa de matéria fresca e seca de folhas, colmos e espigas (pesagem). Realizaram-se os testes de Bartlett e Kolmogorov-Smirnov e a análise de variância de Welch. Determinaram-se as medidas de assimetria, tendência central e variabilidade, e calculou-se o tamanho de amostra para a estimação da média dos 13 caracteres avaliados, tendo-se considerado erros de estimação (semiamplitudes do intervalo de confiança de 95%) iguais a 5, 10, 15 e 20% da média. Há um decréscimo do tamanho de amostra para estimar a média dos caracteres de trigo obtidos por meio de pesagem, contagem e medição, nesta ordem. Em um experimento para estimar a média dos caracteres de trigo obtidos por pesagem, contagem e medição com erro máximo de 10% da média e nível de confiança de 95%, são necessárias 117, 76 e 9 plantas por tratamento, respectivamente

Perinatal characteristics and risk of polio among Swedish twins

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/90577/1/j.1365-3016.2012.01268.x.pd

Performance of CMS muon reconstruction in pp collision events at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

The performance of muon reconstruction, identification, and triggering in CMS has been studied using 40 inverse picobarns of data collected in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV at the LHC in 2010. A few benchmark sets of selection criteria covering a wide range of physics analysis needs have been examined. For all considered selections, the efficiency to reconstruct and identify a muon with a transverse momentum pT larger than a few GeV is above 95% over the whole region of pseudorapidity covered by the CMS muon system, abs(eta) < 2.4, while the probability to misidentify a hadron as a muon is well below 1%. The efficiency to trigger on single muons with pT above a few GeV is higher than 90% over the full eta range, and typically substantially better. The overall momentum scale is measured to a precision of 0.2% with muons from Z decays. The transverse momentum resolution varies from 1% to 6% depending on pseudorapidity for muons with pT below 100 GeV and, using cosmic rays, it is shown to be better than 10% in the central region up to pT = 1 TeV. Observed distributions of all quantities are well reproduced by the Monte Carlo simulation.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Performance of CMS muon reconstruction in pp collision events at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

The performance of muon reconstruction, identification, and triggering in CMS has been studied using 40 inverse picobarns of data collected in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV at the LHC in 2010. A few benchmark sets of selection criteria covering a wide range of physics analysis needs have been examined. For all considered selections, the efficiency to reconstruct and identify a muon with a transverse momentum pT larger than a few GeV is above 95% over the whole region of pseudorapidity covered by the CMS muon system, abs(eta) < 2.4, while the probability to misidentify a hadron as a muon is well below 1%. The efficiency to trigger on single muons with pT above a few GeV is higher than 90% over the full eta range, and typically substantially better. The overall momentum scale is measured to a precision of 0.2% with muons from Z decays. The transverse momentum resolution varies from 1% to 6% depending on pseudorapidity for muons with pT below 100 GeV and, using cosmic rays, it is shown to be better than 10% in the central region up to pT = 1 TeV. Observed distributions of all quantities are well reproduced by the Monte Carlo simulation.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

X-ray emission from the Sombrero galaxy: discrete sources

We present a study of discrete X-ray sources in and around the bulge-dominated, massive Sa galaxy, Sombrero (M104), based on new and archival Chandra observations with a total exposure of ~200 ks. With a detection limit of L_X = 1E37 erg/s and a field of view covering a galactocentric radius of ~30 kpc (11.5 arcminute), 383 sources are detected. Cross-correlation with Spitler et al.'s catalogue of Sombrero globular clusters (GCs) identified from HST/ACS observations reveals 41 X-rays sources in GCs, presumably low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs). We quantify the differential luminosity functions (LFs) for both the detected GC and field LMXBs, whose power-low indices (~1.1 for the GC-LF and ~1.6 for field-LF) are consistent with previous studies for elliptical galaxies. With precise sky positions of the GCs without a detected X-ray source, we further quantify, through a fluctuation analysis, the GC LF at fainter luminosities down to 1E35 erg/s. The derived index rules out a faint-end slope flatter than 1.1 at a 2 sigma significance, contrary to recent findings in several elliptical galaxies and the bulge of M31. On the other hand, the 2-6 keV unresolved emission places a tight constraint on the field LF, implying a flattened index of ~1.0 below 1E37 erg/s. We also detect 101 sources in the halo of Sombrero. The presence of these sources cannot be interpreted as galactic LMXBs whose spatial distribution empirically follows the starlight. Their number is also higher than the expected number of cosmic AGNs (52+/-11 [1 sigma]) whose surface density is constrained by deep X-ray surveys. We suggest that either the cosmic X-ray background is unusually high in the direction of Sombrero, or a distinct population of X-ray sources is present in the halo of Sombrero.Comment: 11 figures, 5 tables, ApJ in pres

Azimuthal anisotropy of charged particles at high transverse momenta in PbPb collisions at sqrt(s[NN]) = 2.76 TeV

The azimuthal anisotropy of charged particles in PbPb collisions at nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 2.76 TeV is measured with the CMS detector at the LHC over an extended transverse momentum (pt) range up to approximately 60 GeV. The data cover both the low-pt region associated with hydrodynamic flow phenomena and the high-pt region where the anisotropies may reflect the path-length dependence of parton energy loss in the created medium. The anisotropy parameter (v2) of the particles is extracted by correlating charged tracks with respect to the event-plane reconstructed by using the energy deposited in forward-angle calorimeters. For the six bins of collision centrality studied, spanning the range of 0-60% most-central events, the observed v2 values are found to first increase with pt, reaching a maximum around pt = 3 GeV, and then to gradually decrease to almost zero, with the decline persisting up to at least pt = 40 GeV over the full centrality range measured.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Constraints on the χ_(c1) versus χ_(c2) polarizations in proton-proton collisions at √s = 8 TeV

The polarizations of promptly produced χ_(c1) and χ_(c2) mesons are studied using data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC, in proton-proton collisions at √s=8  TeV. The χ_c states are reconstructed via their radiative decays χ_c → J/ψγ, with the photons being measured through conversions to e⁺e⁻, which allows the two states to be well resolved. The polarizations are measured in the helicity frame, through the analysis of the χ_(c2) to χ_(c1) yield ratio as a function of the polar or azimuthal angle of the positive muon emitted in the J/ψ → μ⁺μ⁻ decay, in three bins of J/ψ transverse momentum. While no differences are seen between the two states in terms of azimuthal decay angle distributions, they are observed to have significantly different polar anisotropies. The measurement favors a scenario where at least one of the two states is strongly polarized along the helicity quantization axis, in agreement with nonrelativistic quantum chromodynamics predictions. This is the first measurement of significantly polarized quarkonia produced at high transverse momentum

Search for the standard model Higgs boson in the H to ZZ to 2l 2nu channel in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

A search for the standard model Higgs boson in the H to ZZ to 2l 2nu decay channel, where l = e or mu, in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV is presented. The data were collected at the LHC, with the CMS detector, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 4.6 inverse femtobarns. No significant excess is observed above the background expectation, and upper limits are set on the Higgs boson production cross section. The presence of the standard model Higgs boson with a mass in the 270-440 GeV range is excluded at 95% confidence level.Comment: Submitted to JHE