Carborane–β-cyclodextrin complexes as a supramolecular connector for bioactive surfaces

Supramolecular chemistry provides an attractive entry to generate dynamic and well-controlled bioactive surfaces. Novel host–guest systems are urgently needed to provide a broader affinity and applicability portfolio. A synthetic strategy to carborane–peptide bioconjugates was therefore developed to provide an entry to monovalent supramolecular functionalization of β-cyclodextrin coated surfaces. The β-cyclodextrin·carborane–cRGD surfaces are formed efficiently and with high affinity as demonstrated by IR-RAS, WCA, and QCM-D, compare favourable to existing bio-active host–guest surface assemblies, and display an efficient bioactivity, as illustrated by a strong functional effect of the supramolecular system on the cell adhesion and spreading properties. Cells seeded on the supramolecular surface displaying bioactive peptide epitopes exhibited a more elongated morphology, focal adhesions, and stronger cell adhesion compared to control surfaces. This highlights the macroscopic functionality of the novel supramolecular immobilization strategy

The FLUXNET2015 dataset and the ONEFlux processing pipeline for eddy covariance data

The FLUXNET2015 dataset provides ecosystem-scale data on CO2, water, and energy exchange between the biosphere and the atmosphere, and other meteorological and biological measurements, from 212 sites around the globe (over 1500 site-years, up to and including year 2014). These sites, independently managed and operated, voluntarily contributed their data to create global datasets. Data were quality controlled and processed using uniform methods, to improve consistency and intercomparability across sites. The dataset is already being used in a number of applications, including ecophysiology studies, remote sensing studies, and development of ecosystem and Earth system models. FLUXNET2015 includes derived-data products, such as gap-filled time series, ecosystem respiration and photosynthetic uptake estimates, estimation of uncertainties, and metadata about the measurements, presented for the first time in this paper. In addition, 206 of these sites are for the first time distributed under a Creative Commons (CC-BY 4.0) license. This paper details this enhanced dataset and the processing methods, now made available as open-source codes, making the dataset more accessible, transparent, and reproducible.Peer reviewe

Supramolecular chemistry in biodevices

Supramolecular chemistry offers diverse opportunities for fabrication and improvement of biodevices. Applications in this field can be pursued both on surfaces and in solution, for example via the functionalization of biomolecules (peptides, proteins, DNA, etc) with supramolecular tags for selective and reversible binding, immobilization and orientation. The targeted fields of application range from diagnostics for the detection and quantification of biomarkers to biomaterials that mediate controlled interactions with eukaryotic cells or bacteria, hence, promoting their subsequent development towards biosensors or implants. Thus, supramolecular concepts like host-guest interactions offer dynamic platforms and a high versatility and will be the focus of this review. Such supramolecular cyclic host molecules create great opportunities for drug delivery, while the dynamicity and reversibility of these assemblies open the door to acquire self-healing materials

Supramolecular control over cell adhesion via ferrocene-cucurbit[7]uril host-guest binding on gold surfaces

Supramolecular control of adhesion of cells is demonstrated using synthetic integrin binding RGD peptide-ferrocene conjugates that were immobilized via host-guest chemistry onto cucurbit[7]uril coated gold surfaces

Supramolecular control of cell adhesion via ferrocene-cucurbit[7]uril host-guest binding on gold surfaces

Supramolecular control of adhesion of cells is demonstrated using synthetic integrin binding RGD peptide-ferrocene conjugates that were immobilized via host-guest chemistry onto cucurbit[7]uril coated gold surfaces

Immobilization of ferrocene-modified SNAP-fusion proteins

The supramolecular assembly of proteins on surfaces has been investigated via the site-selective incorporation of a supramolecular moiety on proteins. To this end, fluorescent proteins have been site-selectively labeled with ferrocenes, as supramolecular guest moieties, via SNAP-tag technology. The assembly of guest-functionalized SNAP-fusion proteins on cyclodextrin- and cucurbit[7]uril-coated surfaces yielded stable monolayers. The binding of all ferrocene fusion proteins is specific as determined by surface plasmon resonance. Micropatterns of the fusion proteins, on patterned cyclodextrin and cucurbituril surfaces, have been visualized using fluorescence microscopy. The SNAP-fusion proteins were also immobilized on cyclodextrin vesicles. The supramolecular SNAP-tag labeling of proteins, thus, allows for the assembly of modified proteins via supramolecular host-guest interaction on different surfaces in a controlled manner. These findings extend the toolbox of fabricating supramolecular protein patterns on surfaces taking advantage of the high labeling efficiency of the SNAP-tag with versatile supramolecular moietie

Immobilization of ferrocene-modified SNAP-fusion proteins

Abstract: The supramolecular assembly of proteins on surfaces has been investigated via the site-selective incorporation of a supramolecular moiety on proteins. To this end, fluorescent proteins have been site-selectively labeled with ferrocenes, as supramolecular guest moieties, via SNAP-tag technology. The assembly of guest-functionalized SNAP-fusion proteins on cyclodextrin-and cucurbi