Análise dos fatores que contribuem para o uso das provisões de créditos como instrumento de gerenciamento de resultados em bancos no Brasil

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande de Norte, Programa Multiinstitucional e Inter-Regional de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Contábeis, 2020.Propõe-se análise das publicações acadêmicas que discorrem acerca do uso da informação contábil como instrumento de gerenciamento de resultados através das provisões de créditos de liquidação duvidosa em bancos no Brasil. A ligação entre informação contábil e gerenciamento de resultados serviu de base para ratificar a importância do tema, identificar os principais pesquisadores e verificar a amplitude de pesquisas relacionadas, constatando duas correntes, a saber: as pesquisas sobre gerenciamentos de resultados em empresas financeiras e não financeiras. No caso de empresas do setor financeiro, a pesquisa aborda o gerenciamento de resultados pelo uso das provisões de créditos de liquidação duvidosa. Metodologia: por meio de detalhamento conceitual e análise bibliométrica, fica demonstrado não só a importância teórica, mas também a análise de forma empírica do comportamento das provisões de crédito de liquidação duvidosa em bancos brasileiros, com o objetivo de investigar as causas de seu uso para gerenciamento de resultados em bancos brasileiros representativos. Por fim, os resultados apresentados vão ao encontro de indicações de uso diferenciado das provisões de créditos de liquidação duvidosa em bancos no Brasil, conforme segmentação em grupos de investigação. A pesquisa é útil para profissionais com interesse sobre gerenciamento de resultados na medida em que sistematiza conceitos, aplicações, literatura relevante e testes empíricos.It is proposed to analyze the papers that discuss about the use of accounting information as an instrument of earnings management through loan provisions in Brazilian banks. The link between accounting information and earnings management served as the basis for ratifying the theme’s importance, it’s main researchers identification and related research dimension, providing two research streams: research on earnings management in non-financial and financial companies. In financial sector, the research addresses earnings management through the use of loan loss provisions. Through conceptual description and bibliometric analysis, it was demonstrated not only the theoretical importance, but also the loan loss provisions empirical behavior analysis in brazilians banks, seeking to identify the causes of its use to earnings management in representative brasilian banks. Finally, the showed results provide indications of the differentiated use of the loan loss provisions in brazilian banks, following the group segmentation tested. The research is useful for professionals interested in earnings management research as it systematizes concepts, applications and relevant literature

RELAÇÃO RISCO-RETORNO EM CARTEIRAS DE CRÉDITO – COMPARATIVO ENTRE BANCOS TRADICIONAIS E FINTECHS

A relação risco-retorno, vem sendo utilizada nas decisões de investimentos e na avaliação de carteiras. Motivado pelo impacto das fintechs no mercado, o presente artigo tem como objetivo verificar qual dos dois tipos de instituições financeiras, bancos tradicionais ou fintechs, detém a carteira de crédito mais arriscada e, consequentemente, a carteira com maiores retornos, assim como esperado pela relação risco-retorno. Para o período entre 2018 e 2020, foram analisadas, semestralmente, as seguintes entidades: Nu Pagamentos, Original, Inter e Agibank como fintechs; e Caixa Econômica Federal (CEF), Banco do Brasil (BB), Itaú e Bradesco como bancos tradicionais. Com uma abordagem quantitativa e descritiva, foram calculados, a partir de dados coletados da base IF.Data do Banco Central do Brasil, os percentuais das receitas de crédito e das despesas com provisão para créditos de liquidação duvidosa em relação ao saldo da carteira de crédito ativa das instituições, como parâmetros de nível de retorno e de risco, respectivamente. Com taxas de risco e de retorno superiores, além de maior dispersão nos dados, os resultados dos períodos analisados mostram que as instituições fintechs vêm apresentando mais risco e maior retorno quando comparados aos bancos tradicionais, ratificando a aplicação da Teoria desenvolvida por Markowitz

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

O papel do secretário executivo como agente de governança na era digital

O artigo busca explorar o papel estratégico Secretário Executivo como agente de governança na era digital. Diante das transformações sociais e avanços tecnológicos, torna-se essencial compreender como este profissional pode contribuir para a eficiência e transparência organizacional, especialmente em um contexto de governança digital. O objetivo do estudo é investigar a atuação do Secretário Executivo como facilitador da implementação de boas práticas de governança digital, promovendo a transparência e inovação no ambiente acadêmico. A metodologia adotada é de cunho exploratório, com abordagem qualitativa, utilizando revisão bibliográfica e análise de conteúdo para identificar padrões e tendências relacionados à atuação desse agente. Os resultados reforçam a valorização e reconhecimento do Secretário Executivo como agente de transformação e inovação, promovendo a excelência na gestão educacional e garantindo a sustentabilidade das organizações em um cenário digital em constante evolução

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved