Desarrollo de membranas asimétricas de película delgada MOF-Polímero para nanofiltración

Este trabajo fin de grado, forma parte de la investigación sobre capas de separación ultrafinas (espesores del orden de la micra o incluso menor) del grupo de Catálisis, Separaciones Moleculares e Ingeniería de Reactores (CREG) de la Universidad de Zaragoza persiguiéndose la optimización de estas membranas para la nanofiltración de disolventes orgánicos (OSN). El principal objetivo de este trabajo fue la combinación de compuestos metal-orgánicos porosos (MOFs) pertenecientes a la subfamilia de los ZIFs (ZIF-8, ZIF-11, ZIF-67 y ZIF-93) con poliamida en membranas compuestas de película delgada (TFC). Se preparan membranas novedosas de doble capa MOF-TFC que consisten en sintetizar una capa de MOF sobre un soporte de poliimida mediante un proceso de síntesis interfacial y a continuación la polimerización interfacial de la poliamida. Por comparación se preparan membranas TFN-MOF en las que durante el proceso de polimerización de la poliamida sobre el soporte se incorporan las nanopartículas de MOFs. Además, también se modificaron algunos parámetros en la preparación del soporte poroso asimétrico de poliimida como la composición de la disolución de casting o la temperatura o la composición del baño de coagulación para comprobar como afectaban a las propiedades del mismo. Los resultados obtenidos de las membranas MOF-TFC y TFN-MOF en los experimentos de OSN se han comparado entre ellos y con membranas TFC sin MOF. Mediante las técnicas de caracterización de microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM), SEM con microanálisis (SEM-EDX), difracción de rayos X (XRD) y el análisis termogravimétrico (TGA), se ha logrado establecer la correcta incorporación de los ZIFs en las membranas MOF-TFC y TFN-MOF. En el proceso de OSN, se utilizó como alimentación una disolución del colorante Amarillo crepúsculo (452 Da) en metanol, aplicando una presión de 20 bares para hacerla circular a través de la membrana y temperatura de 25 °C. Gracias a la incorporación de los MOFs, las membranas MOF-TFC y TFN-MOF han obtenido un mejor rendimiento en comparación con TFC. Los mejores resultados se han obtenido para los ZIFs ZIF-93 y ZIF-8 en la síntesis de TFN-MOF y ZIF-8 en MOF-TFC

Post-synthesis incorporation of Al into germanosilicate ITH zeolites : the influence of treatment conditions on the acidic properties and catalytic behavior in tetrahydropyranylation

M. S. thanks the Czech Science Foundation for support through the project 14-30898P. M. O. acknowledges the Czech Science Foundation for the project 13-17593P. R. E. M. thanks the EPSRC for funding (EP/K025112/1 and EP/L014475/1).Post-synthesis alumination of germanosilicate medium-pore ITH zeolites was shown to be an effective procedure for tuning their acidity. Treatment of ITH zeolites synthesized with different chemical compositions (i.e. Si/Ge = 2.5, 4.4 and 5.8) with aqueous Al(NO3)3 solution led to the formation of strong Brønsted and Lewis acid sites and an increasing fraction of ultramicro- and meso-pores in Ge-rich ITH samples (Si/Ge = 2.5 and 4.4). The concentration of Al incorporated into the framework increases with decreasing Si/Ge ratio of the parent ITH. The increasing temperature of alumination from 80 to 175 °C (HT conditions) resulted in (1) a 1.5-2-fold increase in the concentration of Brønsted acid sites formed and (2) a decreasing fraction of framework Al atoms detectable with base probe molecules (i.e. pyridine, 2,6-di-tert-butylpyridine), i.e. an increased concentration of the "inner" acid sites. The activity of prepared Al-substituted ITH zeolites in tetrahydropyranylation of alcohols is enhanced with increasing amount of accessible acid sites in bulky crystals (e.g. alumination at lower temperature) or with increasing total concentration of acid centres within tiny ITH crystals (e.g. alumination under HT conditions). This trend became more prominent with increasing kinetic diameter of the substrate molecules under investigation (methanol <1-propanol <1-hexanol).PostprintPeer reviewe

Post-synthesis incorporation of Al into germanosilicate ITH zeolites: the influence of treatment conditions on the acidic properties and catalytic behavior in tetrahydropyranylation

Post-synthesis alumination of germanosilicate medium-pore ITH zeolites was shown to be an effective procedure for tuning their acidity. Treatment of ITH zeolites synthesized with different chemical compositions (i.e. Si/Ge = 2.5, 4.4 and 5.8) with aqueous Al(NO3)(3) solution led to the formation of strong Bronsted and Lewis acid sites and an increasing fraction of ultramicro- and meso-pores in Ge-rich ITH samples (Si/Ge = 2.5 and 4.4). The concentration of Al incorporated into the framework increases with decreasing Si/Ge ratio of the parent ITH. The increasing temperature of alumination from 80 to 175 degrees C (HT conditions) resulted in (1) a 1.5-2-fold increase in the concentration of Bronsted acid sites formed and (2) a decreasing fraction of framework Al atoms detectable with base probe molecules (i.e. pyridine, 2,6-di-tert-butylpyridine), i.e. an increased concentration of the "inner" acid sites. The activity of prepared Al-substituted ITH zeolites in tetrahydropyranylation of alcohols is enhanced with increasing amount of accessible acid sites in bulky crystals (e.g. alumination at lower temperature) or with increasing total concentration of acid centres within tiny ITH crystals (e.g. alumination under HT conditions). This trend became more prominent with increasing kinetic diameter of the substrate molecules under investigation (methanol < 1-propanol < 1-hexanol).Post-synthesis alumination of germanosilicate medium-pore ITH zeolites was shown to be an effective procedure for tuning their acidity. Treatment of ITH zeolites synthesized with different chemical compositions (i.e.Si/Ge = 2.5, 4.4 and 5.8) with aqueous5529732984Czech Science Foundation [14-30898P, 13-17593P

In situ solid-state NMR and XRD studies of the ADOR process and the unusual structure of zeolite IPC-6

R.E.M. and M.N. thank the Royal Society and the E.P.S.R.C. (Grants EP/L014475/1, EP/K025112/1 and EP/K005499/1) for funding work in this area. R.E.M. and J.Č. acknowledge the Czech Science Foundation for the project P106/12/G015 and OP VVV "Excellent Research Teams", project No. CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/15_003/0000417 - CUCAM. S.E.A. would like to thank the ERC (EU FP7 Consolidator Grant 614290 “EXONMR”) and the Royal Society and Wolfson Foundation for a merit award. The UK 850 MHz solid-state NMR Facility used in this research was funded by EPSRC and BBSRC (contract reference PR140003), as well as the University of Warwick including via part funding through Birmingham Science City Advanced Materials Projects 1 and 2 supported by Advantage West Midlands (AWM) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). W.A.S. and D.S.W. acknowledge the Research Council of Norway and NOTUR are acknowledged for providing the computer time at the Norwegian supercomputer facilities (under the project number NN2875k).The assembly–disassembly–organization–reassembly (ADOR) mechanism is a recent method for preparing inorganic framework materials and, in particular, zeolites. This flexible approach has enabled the synthesis of isoreticular families of zeolites with unprecedented continuous control over porosity, and the design and preparation of materials that would have been difficult—or even impossible—to obtain using traditional hydrothermal techniques. Applying the ADOR process to a parent zeolite with the UTL framework topology, for example, has led to six previously unknown zeolites (named IPC-n, where n = 2, 4, 6, 7, 9 and 10). To realize the full potential of the ADOR method, however, a further understanding of the complex mechanism at play is needed. Here, we probe the disassembly, organization and reassembly steps of the ADOR process through a combination of in situ solid-state NMR spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffraction experiments. We further use the insight gained to explain the formation of the unusual structure of zeolite IPC-6.PostprintPeer reviewe

Neuropsychiatric profiles and conversion to dementia in mild cognitive impairment, a latent class analysis

Altres ajuts: Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER)Altres ajuts: Generalitat de Catalunya. Programa CERCAAltres ajuts: Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERSAM i CIBERNED)Altres ajuts: Fundació "La Caixa"Altres ajuts: Grífols SA (GR@ACE project)Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) have been recently addressed as risk factors of conversion to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementia types in patients diagnosed with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). Our aim was to determine profiles based on the prominent NPS in MCI patients and to explore the predictive value of these profiles on conversion to specific types of dementia. A total of 2137 MCI patients monitored in a memory clinic were included in the study. Four NPS profiles emerged (classes), which were defined by preeminent symptoms: Irritability, Apathy, Anxiety/Depression and Asymptomatic. Irritability and Apathy were predictors of conversion to dementia (HR = 1.43 and 1.56, respectively). Anxiety/depression class showed no risk effect of conversion when compared to Asymptomatic class. Irritability class appeared as the most discriminant neuropsychiatric condition to identify non-AD converters (i.e., frontotemporal dementia, vascular dementia, Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy Bodies). The findings revealed that consistent subgroups of MCI patients could be identified among comorbid basal NPS. The preeminent NPS showed to behave differentially on conversion to dementia, beyond AD. Therefore, NPS should be used as early diagnosis facilitators, and should also guide clinicians to detect patients with different illness trajectories in the progression of MCI

Deep Molecular Characterization of Milder Spinal Muscular Atrophy Patients Carrying the c.859G&gt;C Variant in SMN2

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a severe neuromuscular disorder caused by biallelic loss or pathogenic variants in the SMN1 gene. Copy number and modifier intragenic variants in SMN2, an almost identical paralog gene of SMN1, are known to influence the amount of complete SMN proteins. Therefore, SMN2 is considered the main phenotypic modifier of SMA, although genotype-phenotype correlation is not absolute. We present eleven unrelated SMA patients with milder phenotypes carrying the c.859G>C-positive modifier variant in SMN2. All were studied by a specific NGS method to allow a deep characterization of the entire SMN region. Analysis of two homozygous cases for the variant allowed us to identify a specific haplotype, Smn2-859C.1, in association with c.859G>C. Two other cases with the c.859G>C variant in their two SMN2 copies showed a second haplotype, Smn2-859C.2, in cis with Smn2-859C.1, assembling a more complex allele. We also identified a previously unreported variant in intron 2a exclusively linked to the Smn2-859C.1 haplotype (c.154-1141G>A), further suggesting that this region has been ancestrally conserved. The deep molecular characterization of SMN2 in our cohort highlights the importance of testing c.859G>C, as well as accurately assessing the SMN2 region in SMA patients to gain insight into the complex genotype-phenotype correlations and improve prognostic outcomes

Factors associated with the clinical outcome of patients with relapsed/refractory CD19+acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with ARI-0001 CART19-cell therapy

The prognosis of patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) remains poor, particularly for those relapsing after allogeneic hema-topoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT). Novel agents such as inotuzumab ozogamicin or blinatumomab achieve increased response rates, but these are generally transient unless followed by alloHCT. Chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) targeting CD19 have shown promising results in R/R ALL, and one of these products (tisagenlecleucel) has been approved for the treatment of patients with R/R ALL up to 25 years of age

Estudios culturales : prácticas diversas, enfoques pluralistas

1 archivo PDF (294 páginas) : incluye ilustracionesDesde el ámbito de los estudios culturales plantea un acercamiento teórico y metodológico multidisciplinar en el que a partir de la reflexión y el estudio de casos se analizan problemáticas reales de la historia de la cultura mexicana. Ciencia y humanismo, empirismo y reflexión son las caras de la moneda de una tendencia epistemológica que en las últimas décadas se ha planteado en el ámbito de la investigación sociológica y antropológica bajo el marbete de estudios culturales, con el objetivo de aprehender el complejo funcionamiento de los procesos culturales en las sociedades modernas. Recoge colaboraciones que abordan aspectos esenciales en el debate sobre los estudios culturales como el estado de las instituciones y la acción política, los exilios, desexilios y los movimientos migratorios entre México y Estados Unidos y sus influencias en la adaptación de los migrantes a ambos lados de la frontera, la problemática de la sexualidad y las formas de violencia, el tratamiento de la enfermedad y de la muerte, la crisis socioeconómica, el incipiente debate sobre las culturas digitales o la conciencia ecológica y medioambiental en el México de hoy. En primer lugar encontramos cuatro textos que analizan la problemática de la migración en México desde cuatro perspectivas distintas. Ana Ochoa O’Leary analiza las nuevas perspectivas de la movilización política en el sur de Estados Unidos ante los graves problemas de adaptación de los migrantes derivados de las decisiones legislativas de los últimos gobiernos nacionales y federales estadounidenses. Adriana María Eugenia Cabrera destaca la influencia de los movimientos migratorios en el patrimonio cultural de las zonas afectadas a través del estudio del proceso de identidad social del migrante y su intensa relación con los edificios históricos. También en el culto a las imágenes hay una influencia evidente del fenómeno de la migración, como muestran Pablo Martínez y María del Refugio Piña en el caso de los exvotos donados al Niño de Atocha. Política, arquitectura, antropología y también la literatura como paradigma de la migración en el trabajo de Teresita Quiroz sobre los movimientos migratorios hacia la ciudad de México en la narrativa de Mariano Azuela. El segundo apartado recoge colaboraciones bajo el epígrafe “Narratividad, discursos e identidades” en el que se mezclan perspectivas de configuración de identidades en el periodo virreinal en el estudio de Beatriz Aracil sobre el viaje de Cortés a la Mar del Sur y la transformación del sujeto colonial y reflexiones sobre lo hispano en pleno proceso de Independencia durante las primeras décadas del siglo XIX a través de artículos y monografías de Anselmo Portilla y Niceto Zamaçois planteadas por Alfredo Moreno Flores. El viaje continúa con el trabajo de Blanca Estela López y José Silvestre Revueltas sobre la narratividad para juegos y rituales, que antecede a las reflexiones literarias de Daniel Santillán sobre la identidad nacional en Margarita de Niebla, de Jaime Torres Bodet y el acercamiento a la mujer mexicana del xix a través de las referencias literarias a la lencería en cuatro autores de la época que plantea Margarita Alegría. El apartado concluye con análisis del viaje de escritores diplomáticos del XIX en China propuesto por María Fernanda García de los Arcos. “Justicia, ciudadanos y luchas sociales” propone una reflexión histórica sobre el sistema judicial y el estado de las cárceles mexicanas a partir del estudio de María Elvira Buelna y Antonio Salcedo Flores y dos ejemplos de articulación ciudadana y lucha social en los estudios de Marta Ochman y Reyna Sánchez Estévez. “Imágenes, redes y fotoperiodismo” refleja la importancia de la imagen en la sociología contemporánea y su revalorización en el estudio de textos histórico-literarios como el Diario de guerra de Simone de Beauvoir que plantea Ma. Eugenia Rabadán Villalpando y en el contexto musical hardcorero del trabajo de José A. Trejo Sánchez, que destaca la importancia de la conexión en red como emblema de pertenencia a un grupo social entre los jóvenes artistas del Valle de Toluca. “Discapacidad y muerte” enfrenta un problema crucial entre los jóvenes indígenas en Chiapas: el suicidio, a propuesta de Jorge Magaña Ochoa y debate la asistencia a niños con Síndrome de Down en el México contemporáneo en el estudio de Janeth Rojas Contreras. José Carlos Vizuete Mendoza reflexiona en el apartado “Iglesias” sobre la evolución centralizadora y descentralizadora de la estructura de gobierno, los rituales de culto, el calendario festivo y la lengua de la liturgia cristiana. Para concluir, Judith Catalina Navarro Gómez presenta en “Energía y Medio Ambiente” la problemática energética en el mundo contemporáneo y unas pautas para mejorar el medio ambiente a partir de una nueva cultura de la energía y Martha Eugenia Rodríguez y Jimena Pérez plantean un estudio de la conciencia ambiental en la ciudad de México en tres momentos históricos: siglo XVIII, siglo XIX y siglo XX y su repercusión en la salud pública

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London