Glicación no enzimática: su papel en la DM y el envejecimiento

Actualmente nos encontramos frente a una incidencia de enfermedades crónico-degenerativas, como la diabetes mellitus (DM), las cuales representan la principal causa de muerte en países desarrollados. Este problema está asociado al aumento en la esperanza de vida y a los cambios en el estilo de vida, incluyendo el sedentarismo y alto consumo de alimentos procesados. La importancia de la glicación no enzimática (GNE) se pone de manifiesto a partir del descubrimiento de moléculas de hemoglobina glucosilada y de su incremento en individuos con DM, hoy se sabe que su presencia se encuentra también elevada respecto a la edad. El objetivo de este artículo es ofrecer una perspectiva de cómo esta reacción afecta la fisiología y el desarrollo de las complicaciones crónicas de la DM, su asociación al proceso de envejecimiento y la importancia de la investigación actual, orientada a descubrir cómo disminuir o bloquear la progresión de la GNE para retrasar o desaparecer las complicaciones crónicas de la DM y retrasar el envejecimiento. Abstract Currently we have a significant increase in the incidence of chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus (DM), diseases which now represent the leading cause of death in developed countries. This problem has been associated with the increase in life expectancy and changes in lifestyle, including a sedentary lifestyle and a high consumption of processed foods. The importance of non-enzymatic glycation (NEG) is evident since the discovery of molecules of glycosylated hemoglobin and it’s increase in individuals with diabetes mellitus, it is now known that their presence is also proportionally higher in elderly. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of how this reaction affects the physiology and development of chronic complications of DM and how at the same time is involved in the aging process; and the importance of the current research aimed to discover how to slow or block the progression of NEG to delay or disappear chronic complications of DM and probably aging

Glicación no enzimática: su papel en la DM y el envejecimiento

Actualmente nos encontramos frente a una incidencia de enfermedades crónico-degenerativas, como la diabetes mellitus (DM), las cuales representan la principal causa de muerte en países desarrollados. Este problema está asociado al aumento en la esperanza de vida y a los cambios en el estilo de vida, incluyendo el sedentarismo y alto consumo de alimentos procesados. La importancia de la glicación no enzimática (GNE) se pone de manifiesto a partir del descubrimiento de moléculas de hemoglobina glucosilada y de su incremento en individuos con DM, hoy se sabe que su presencia se encuentra también elevada respecto a la edad. El objetivo de este artículo es ofrecer una perspectiva de cómo esta reacción afecta la fisiología y el desarrollo de las complicaciones crónicas de la DM, su asociación al proceso de envejecimiento y la importancia de la investigación actual, orientada a descubrir cómo disminuir o bloquear la progresión de la GNE para retrasar o desaparecer las complicaciones crónicas de la DM y retrasar el envejecimiento. Abstract Currently we have a significant increase in the incidence of chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus (DM), diseases which now represent the leading cause of death in developed countries. This problem has been associated with the increase in life expectancy and changes in lifestyle, including a sedentary lifestyle and a high consumption of processed foods. The importance of non-enzymatic glycation (NEG) is evident since the discovery of molecules of glycosylated hemoglobin and it’s increase in individuals with diabetes mellitus, it is now known that their presence is also proportionally higher in elderly. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of how this reaction affects the physiology and development of chronic complications of DM and how at the same time is involved in the aging process; and the importance of the current research aimed to discover how to slow or block the progression of NEG to delay or disappear chronic complications of DM and probably aging

Experimental setup and procedure for the measurement of the 7Be(n,α)α reaction at n-TOF

The newly built second experimental area EAR2 of the n-TOF spallation neutron source at CERN allows to perform (n, charged particles) experiments on short-lived highly radioactive targets. This paper describes a detection apparatus and the experimental procedure for the determination of the cross-section of the 7Be(n,α)α reaction, which represents one of the focal points toward the solution of the cosmological Lithium abundance problem, and whose only measurement, at thermal energy, dates back to 1963. The apparently unsurmountable experimental difficulties stemming from the huge 7Be γ-activity, along with the lack of a suitable neutron beam facility, had so far prevented further measurements. The detection system is subject to considerable radiation damage, but is capable of disentangling the rare reaction signals from the very high background. This newly developed setup could likely be useful also to study other challenging reactions requiring the detectors to be installed directly in the neutron beam

Burden and risk factors for Pseudomonas aeruginosa community-acquired pneumonia:a Multinational Point Prevalence Study of Hospitalised Patients

Pseudornonas aeruginosa is a challenging bacterium to treat due to its intrinsic resistance to the antibiotics used most frequently in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Data about the global burden and risk factors associated with P. aeruginosa-CAP are limited. We assessed the multinational burden and specific risk factors associated with P. aeruginosa-CAP. We enrolled 3193 patients in 54 countries with confirmed diagnosis of CAP who underwent microbiological testing at admission. Prevalence was calculated according to the identification of P. aeruginosa. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for antibiotic-susceptible and antibiotic-resistant P. aeruginosa-CAP. The prevalence of P. aeruginosa and antibiotic-resistant P. aeruginosa-CAP was 4.2% and 2.0%, respectively. The rate of P. aeruginosa CAP in patients with prior infection/colonisation due to P. aeruginosa and at least one of the three independently associated chronic lung diseases (i.e. tracheostomy, bronchiectasis and/or very severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) was 67%. In contrast, the rate of P. aeruginosa-CAP was 2% in patients without prior P. aeruginosa infection/colonisation and none of the selected chronic lung diseases. The multinational prevalence of P. aeruginosa-CAP is low. The risk factors identified in this study may guide healthcare professionals in deciding empirical antibiotic coverage for CAP patients

Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.

BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362

A global research priority agenda to advance public health responses to fatty liver disease

Background & aims An estimated 38% of adults worldwide have non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). From individual impacts to widespread public health and economic consequences, the implications of this disease are profound. This study aimed to develop an aligned, prioritised fatty liver disease research agenda for the global health community. Methods Nine co-chairs drafted initial research priorities, subsequently reviewed by 40 core authors and debated during a three-day in-person meeting. Following a Delphi methodology, over two rounds, a large panel (R1 n = 344, R2 n = 288) reviewed the priorities, via Qualtrics XM, indicating agreement using a four-point Likert-scale and providing written feedback. The core group revised the draft priorities between rounds. In R2, panellists also ranked the priorities within six domains: epidemiology, models of care, treatment and care, education and awareness, patient and community perspectives, and leadership and public health policy. Results The consensus-built fatty liver disease research agenda encompasses 28 priorities. The mean percentage of ‘agree’ responses increased from 78.3 in R1 to 81.1 in R2. Five priorities received unanimous combined agreement (‘agree’ + ‘somewhat agree’); the remaining 23 priorities had >90% combined agreement. While all but one of the priorities exhibited at least a super-majority of agreement (>66.7% ‘agree’), 13 priorities had 90% combined agreement. Conclusions Adopting this multidisciplinary consensus-built research priorities agenda can deliver a step-change in addressing fatty liver disease, mitigating against its individual and societal harms and proactively altering its natural history through prevention, identification, treatment, and care. This agenda should catalyse the global health community’s efforts to advance and accelerate responses to this widespread and fast-growing public health threat. Impact and implications An estimated 38% of adults and 13% of children and adolescents worldwide have fatty liver disease, making it the most prevalent liver disease in history. Despite substantial scientific progress in the past three decades, the burden continues to grow, with an urgent need to advance understanding of how to prevent, manage, and treat the disease. Through a global consensus process, a multidisciplinary group agreed on 28 research priorities covering a broad range of themes, from disease burden, treatment, and health system responses to awareness and policy. The findings have relevance for clinical and non-clinical researchers as well as funders working on fatty liver disease and non-communicable diseases more broadly, setting out a prioritised, ranked research agenda for turning the tide on this fast-growing public health threat

Glicación no enzimática: su papel en la DM y el envejecimiento

Actualmente nos encontramos frente a una incidencia de enfermedades crónico-degenerativas, como la diabetes mellitus (DM), las cuales representan la principal causa de muerte en países desarrollados. Este problema está asociado al aumento en la esperanza de vida y a los cambios en el estilo de vida, incluyendo el sedentarismo y alto consumo de alimentos procesados. La importancia de la glicación no enzimática (GNE) se pone de manifiesto a partir del descubrimiento de moléculas de hemoglobina glucosilada y de su incremento en individuos con DM, hoy se sabe que su presencia se encuentra también elevada respecto a la edad. El objetivo de este artículo es ofrecer una perspectiva de cómo esta reacción afecta la fisiología y el desarrollo de las complicaciones crónicas de la DM, su asociación al proceso de envejecimiento y la importancia de la investigación actual, orientada a descubrir cómo disminuir o bloquear la progresión de la GNE para retrasar o desaparecer las complicaciones crónicas de la DM y retrasar el envejecimiento. Abstract Currently we have a significant increase in the incidence of chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus (DM), diseases which now represent the leading cause of death in developed countries. This problem has been associated with the increase in life expectancy and changes in lifestyle, including a sedentary lifestyle and a high consumption of processed foods. The importance of non-enzymatic glycation (NEG) is evident since the discovery of molecules of glycosylated hemoglobin and it’s increase in individuals with diabetes mellitus, it is now known that their presence is also proportionally higher in elderly. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of how this reaction affects the physiology and development of chronic complications of DM and how at the same time is involved in the aging process; and the importance of the current research aimed to discover how to slow or block the progression of NEG to delay or disappear chronic complications of DM and probably aging