From Conventional to State-of-the-Art IoT Access Control Models

open access articleThe advent in Online Social Networks (OSN) and Internet of Things (IoT) has created a new world of collaboration and communication between people and devices. The domain of internet of things uses billions of devices (ranging from tiny sensors to macro scale devices) that continuously produce and exchange huge amounts of data with people and applications. Similarly, more than a billion people are connected through social networking sites to collaborate and share their knowledge. The applications of IoT such as smart health, smart city, social networking, video surveillance and vehicular communication are quickly evolving people’s daily lives. These applications provide accurate, information-rich and personalized services to the users. However, providing personalized information comes at the cost of accessing private information of users such as their location, social relationship details, health information and daily activities. When the information is accessible online, there is always a chance that it can be used maliciously by unauthorized entities. Therefore, an effective access control mechanism must be employed to ensure the security and privacy of entities using OSN and IoT services. Access control refers to a process which can restrict user’s access to data and resources. It enforces access rules to grant authorized users an access to resources and prevent others. This survey examines the increasing literature on access control for traditional models in general, and for OSN and IoT in specific. Challenges and problems related to access control mechanisms are explored to facilitate the adoption of access control solutions in OSN and IoT scenarios. The survey provides a review of the requirements for access control enforcement, discusses several security issues in access control, and elaborates underlying principles and limitations of famous access control models. We evaluate the feasibility of current access control models for OSN and IoT and provide the future development direction of access control for the sam

Realisasi Pembangunan Komposter Permanen di Pasar Desa Mutih Kulon, sebagai Solusi Permasalahan Sampah Pasar Desa

Desa Mutih Kulon merupakan sebuah desa yang terletak di Kecamatan Wedung, Kabupaten Demak, Jawa Tengah. Desa ini memiliki sebuah pasar desa yang aktif berkegiatan di pagi hari dan berkontribusi memutar perekonomian warga. Adanya pasar desa ini memberikan berbagai dampak, baik positif maupun negatif. Salah satu dampak negatif yang ditimbulkan dari eksistensi pasar desa ini adalah adanya gundukan sampah yang terletak di sudut pasar. Diperlukan adanya suatu upaya pengelolaan limbah pasar agar tidak menimbulkan bau yang tidak sedap, pemandangan yang tidak enak, dan sumber penyakit. Berangkat dari sebuah inisiasi yang digagas oleh kelompok KKN UNS “Membangun Desa” perangkat desa dan karang taruna bersama-sama merealisasikan pembangunan komposter permanen di pasar desa. Selain membangun komposter untuk pengelolaan sampah organik, juga dibangun tempat sampah untuk menampung sampah anorganik yang ada. Hasil dari kegiatan ini adalah lebih tertata nya penampungan sampah di pasar desa. Selain itu, produk sampingan dari adanya komposter ini adalah terciptanya pupuk organik yang bisa dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat. Hal tersebut dapat memberikan manfaat untuk masyarakat sekitar yang masih banyak penduduk yang bekerja dalam bidang pertanian. Selain itu, hal ini juga memberikan dampak pada lingkungan yang lebih indah, nyaman dan sehat untuk warga Desa Mutih Kulon, khususnya yang aktif berkegiatan di sekitar pasar desa

Realisasi Pembangunan Komposter Permanen di Pasar Desa Mutih Kulon, sebagai Solusi Permasalahan Sampah Pasar Desa

Desa Mutih Kulon merupakan sebuah desa yang terletak di Kecamatan Wedung, Kabupaten Demak, Jawa Tengah. Desa ini memiliki sebuah pasar desa yang aktif berkegiatan di pagi hari dan berkontribusi memutar perekonomian warga. Adanya pasar desa ini memberikan berbagai dampak, baik positif maupun negatif. Salah satu dampak negatif yang ditimbulkan dari eksistensi pasar desa ini adalah adanya gundukan sampah yang terletak di sudut pasar. Diperlukan adanya suatu upaya pengelolaan limbah pasar agar tidak menimbulkan bau yang tidak sedap, pemandangan yang tidak enak, dan sumber penyakit. Berangkat dari sebuah inisiasi yang digagas oleh kelompok KKN UNS “Membangun Desa” perangkat desa dan karang taruna bersama-sama merealisasikan pembangunan komposter permanen di pasar desa. Selain membangun komposter untuk pengelolaan sampah organik, juga dibangun tempat sampah untuk menampung sampah anorganik yang ada. Hasil dari kegiatan ini adalah lebih tertata nya penampungan sampah di pasar desa. Selain itu, produk sampingan dari adanya komposter ini adalah terciptanya pupuk organik yang bisa dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat. Hal tersebut dapat memberikan manfaat untuk masyarakat sekitar yang masih banyak penduduk yang bekerja dalam bidang pertanian. Selain itu, hal ini juga memberikan dampak pada lingkungan yang lebih indah, nyaman dan sehat untuk warga Desa Mutih Kulon, khususnya yang aktif berkegiatan di sekitar pasar desa

Intelligent ultra-light deep learning model for multi-class brain tumor detection

The diagnosis and surgical resection using Magnetic Resonance (MR) images in brain tumors is a challenging task to minimize the neurological defects after surgery owing to the non-linear nature of the size, shape, and textural variation. Radiologists, clinical experts, and brain surgeons examine brain MRI scans using the available methods, which are tedious, error-prone, time-consuming, and still exhibit positional accuracy up to 2−3 mm, which is very high in the case of brain cells. In this context, we propose an automated Ultra-Light Brain Tumor Detection (UL-BTD) system based on a novel Ultra-Light Deep Learning Architecture (UL-DLA) for deep features, integrated with highly distinctive textural features, extracted by Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM). It forms a Hybrid Feature Space (HFS), which is used for tumor detection using Support Vector Machine (SVM), culminating in high prediction accuracy and optimum false negatives with limited network size to fit within the average GPU resources of a modern PC system. The objective of this study is to categorize multi-class publicly available MRI brain tumor datasets with a minimum time thus real-time tumor detection can be carried out without compromising accuracy. Our proposed framework includes a sensitivity analysis of image size, One-versus-All and One-versus-One coding schemes with stringent efforts to assess the complexity and reliability performance of the proposed system with K-fold cross-validation as a part of the evaluation protocol. The best generalization achieved using SVM has an average detection rate of 99.23% (99.18%, 98.86%, and 99.67%), and F-measure of 0.99 (0.99, 0.98, and 0.99) for (glioma, meningioma, and pituitary tumors), respectively. Our results have been found to improve the state-of-the-art (97.30%) by 2%, indicating that the system exhibits capability for translation in modern hospitals during real-time surgical brain applications. The method needs 11.69 ms with an accuracy of 99.23% compared to 15 ms achieved by the state-of-the-art to earlier to detect tumors on a test image without any dedicated hardware providing a route for a desktop application in brain surgery

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

The Brescia Internationally Validated European Guidelines on Minimally Invasive Pancreatic Surgery (EGUMIPS)

Objective: To develop and update evidence-based and consensus-based guidelines on laparoscopic and robotic pancreatic surgery. Summary Background Data: Minimally invasive pancreatic surgery (MIPS), including laparoscopic and robotic surgery, is complex and technically demanding. Minimizing the risk for patients requires stringent, evidence-based guidelines. Since the International Miami Guidelines on MIPS in 2019, new developments and key publications have been reported, necessitating an update. Methods: Evidence-based guidelines on 22 topics in 8 domains were proposed: terminology, indications, patients, procedures, surgical techniques and instrumentation, assessment tools, implementation and training, and artificial intelligence. The Brescia Internationally Validated European Guidelines on Minimally Invasive Pancreatic Surgery (EGUMIPS, September 2022) used the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) methodology to assess the evidence and develop guideline recommendations, the Delphi method to establish consensus on the recommendations among the Expert Committee, and the AGREE II-GRS tool for guideline quality assessment and external validation by a Validation Committee. Results: Overall, 27 European experts, 6 international experts, 22 international Validation Committee members, 11 Jury Committee members, 18 Research Committee members, and 121 registered attendees of the 2-day meeting were involved in the development and validation of the guidelines. In total, 98 recommendations were developed, including 33 on laparoscopic, 34 on robotic, and 31 on general MIPS, covering 22 topics in 8 domains. Out of 98 recommendations, 97 reached at least 80% consensus among the experts and congress attendees, and all recommendations were externally validated by the Validation Committee. Conclusions: The EGUMIPS evidence-based guidelines on laparoscopic and robotic MIPS can be applied in current clinical practice to provide guidance to patients, surgeons, policy-makers, and medical societies.</p

Comparison of the intrinsic parameters (A, B, and S) of a forward osmosis membrane using pressurized and non-pressurized methods

Generally, forward osmosis (FO) membrane performance is defined based on its intrinsic parameters, namely the water permeability (A), solute permeability (B), and structural parameter (S). This study was conducted to examine the performance of the commercial membrane NF2 in an FO system and to validate and compare the intrinsic value of A, B, and S obtained by single stage-stage and two-stage methods. The NF2 membrane was unable to demonstrate a good configuration for an FO membrane due to its membrane structure. Comparing the two different orientations in the single-stage method, it appears that both orientations display distinct sets of intrinsic values for the same membrane type. A comparison on the two-stage methods between the pressure-retarded osmosis -FO and reverse osmosis (RO)-FO methods reveals a new standard for the two-stage methods where higher fluxes must be produced from the first stage in order to attain an accurate value of S at the second stage. Additionally, the RO-FO methods were found to be not relevant for testing the ability of a membrane for FO application due to the hydraulic pressure involved during the compaction procedure. The two-stage method with proposed new standards can be the ideal testing procedure for the membrane in FO applications. This is because all the intrinsic values can be separately determined considering all the possible concentration polarization that might occur with both orientations compared with the attempts of fitting all possible values in the generated equations, as in single-stage methods