Ética: Implicações na Educação a Distância

Com base nas concepções de Theodor Adorno e Zygmunt Bauman, estudiosos na área de Filosofia, este trabalho se propõe a analisar as questões éticas que perpassam os cursos de Educação a Distância, especialmente no que diz respeito aos cursos de formação de professores. Inicialmente apresenta considerações sobre os conceitos de ética, semiformação e educação mediada por tecnologias, necessários para discussão sobre o tema. Tal abordagem se justifica pelo considerável crescimento da Educação a Distância nos últimos anos e pela frequente discussão acerca da qualidade desses cursos, considerando o elevando número de professores licenciados via essa modalidade de educação e futuros responsáveis pela educação brasileira. O objetivo deste estudo é, inicialmente, entender como as questões éticas podem influenciar o processo educativo para formação de professores na modalidade a distância. Palavras-chave: Ética, EaD, Teoria da semiformação, Theodor Adorno, Zygmunt Bauman. Ethics: Implications in Distance EducationAbstractBased on the views of Theodor Adorno and Zygmunt Bauman, scholars in the area of Philosophy, this paper proposes to analyze the ethical issues related to Distance Education courses, especially with regard to teacher preparation courses. Initially, it presents considerations about the concepts of ethics, semi-formation, and technology-mediated education, necessary for discussion on the subject. Such an approach is justified by the considerable growth of Distance Education in recent years and by the frequent discussion about the quality of these courses, considering the increasing number of teachers licensed through this modality of education who are responsible for the future of Brazilian education. The objective of this study is, initially, to understand how ethical issues can influence the educational process for teacher preparation through distance education.Keywords: Ethics, EaD, Semiformation theory, Theodor Adorno, Zygmunt Bauman

O ensino da matemática por meio de jogos: uma análise de como conciliar o lazer com a aprendizagem / The teaching of mathematics by games: an analysis of how to reconcile leisure with learning

Os jogos podem se apresentar como importante metodologia de ensino da disciplina de Matemática, com ênfase nas dificuldades apresentadas por alunos que desenvolvem uma espécie de bloqueio na aprendizagem desta disciplina julgando-se incapazes de aprender. Quando joga, o aluno é conduzido a exercitar suas habilidades mentais, de forma a traças metas, caminhos, estratégias para vencer. Diante de diferentes pontos de vista, o aluno consegue valorizar o desenvolvimento do pensamento lógico, que está sempre presente no jogo e estimula a vida social e a atividade construtiva do aluno. Dessa forma, o trabalho com jogos nas aulas de Matemática tem por objetivo oferecer ao indivíduo em geral, várias situações que permitem o desenvolvimento do raciocínio lógico, da criatividade e da capacidade de resolver problemas, além de possibilitar o desenvolvimento da conquista cognitiva, emocional, moral e social, favorecendo a construção do conhecimento lógico-matemático na medida em que se valorizam as observações interpretativas. O artigo apresenta essa discussão e demonstra a aplicação prática de dois jogos para a aprendizagem da disciplina.

Eulerian Video Magnification for Cleaning and Inspection of Air Conditioning Ducts With Rover Robot

This paper presents a diversied artifice of a Rover robot prototype in order to inspect abnormalities in air conditioning ducts and ventilation through an integrated rotating high-resolution camera system Eulerian Video Magnification is a  method capable of revealing temporal  variations of a body in videos that are impossible to see with the naked eye. Using this method, it is possible to visualize the flow of microorganisms present in the ducts, in which the images are R.W. transmitted in real time to the operator, allowing the cleaning with rotating brushes that adapt themselves  according to the  pipeline geometry, linked to the rover making the removal of impurities which are found on the walls, as well as the application of fungicides and bactericides, and finally the mechanism structure allows the manipulation of small objects held by a claw, which ensures greater operating flexibility compared to existing systems on the market. Due to weather problems being the main responsible for the considerable rise in temperature around the world, this has led man to seek ways by which people have comfort in both residential and industrial context. The most widely used alternative to soften or even solve this problem indoors has been the use of air conditioning systems. Despite the many advantages that these systems provide, there is great concern with the quality of air being supplied to the user according to the procedures and requirements of NBR 15848: 2010

Análise ergonômica do ambiente de trabalho do armador na cidade de Alfenas – MG / Ergonomic evaluation of the workplace of the armador in the city of Alfenas – MG

Um dos setores que mais gera empregos no país é a construção civil, usando de métodos construtivos tradicionais e com poucas inovações tecnológicas. a ergonomia refere-se a maneira com que o ser humano se relaciona com o ambiente físico e com os parâmetros utilizados para delinear e controlar o trabalho. no caso do serviço de armação, as tarefas são executadas manualmente e solicitam diferentes graus de esforços, com ferramentas e equipamentos impróprios e inadequados, podem causar danos à saúde e ao conforto do trabalhador. este artigo busca avaliar as condições ergonômicas do trabalho no serviço de armação. para tanto, empregou-se a análise ergonômica do trabalho (aet), auxiliada por dois instrumentos de análise ergonômica: ergonomic workplace analysis (ewa), o equivalente metabólico (met). com posse dos registros fotográficos, entrevistas e acompanhamentos in loco, foram estudadas as reais condições do posto de trabalho, evidenciando as situações cotidianas de trabalho, saúde e segurança dos trabalhadores caracterizando, assim, as condições do posto de trabalho durante o serviço de armação. de acordo com o instrumento ergonômico ewa o fator ergonômico mais crítico detectado foi relacionado a posturas de trabalho e movimentos. de acordo com o instrumento de análise ergonômica met, a tarefa com maior gasto energético foi relacionada ao amarre das barras com arame recozido. 

Uma análise crítica sobre as políticas públicas para Educação a Distância / A critical analysis of public policies for Distance Education

No cenário atual da educação a distância no Brasil existem muitas políticas públicas que procuram regular, avaliar, supervisionar, enfim, reger toda as complexidades desta modalidade educacional. Estas políticas públicas são representadas por leis, decretos, portarias, instruções normativas, referenciais e até mesmo por notas técnicas sem numeração específica. O objetivo deste artigo é fazer uma análise crítica destas normatizações. Sabemos que as políticas públicas são fundamentais e necessárias, mas muitas vezes as veremos contraditórias e confusas, o que permitem múltiplas percepções, interpretações e expectativas dos atores envolvidos. 

Mitochondrial physiology

As the knowledge base and importance of mitochondrial physiology to evolution, health and disease expands, the necessity for harmonizing the terminology concerning mitochondrial respiratory states and rates has become increasingly apparent. The chemiosmotic theory establishes the mechanism of energy transformation and coupling in oxidative phosphorylation. The unifying concept of the protonmotive force provides the framework for developing a consistent theoretical foundation of mitochondrial physiology and bioenergetics. We follow the latest SI guidelines and those of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) on terminology in physical chemistry, extended by considerations of open systems and thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The concept-driven constructive terminology incorporates the meaning of each quantity and aligns concepts and symbols with the nomenclature of classical bioenergetics. We endeavour to provide a balanced view of mitochondrial respiratory control and a critical discussion on reporting data of mitochondrial respiration in terms of metabolic flows and fluxes. Uniform standards for evaluation of respiratory states and rates will ultimately contribute to reproducibility between laboratories and thus support the development of data repositories of mitochondrial respiratory function in species, tissues, and cells. Clarity of concept and consistency of nomenclature facilitate effective transdisciplinary communication, education, and ultimately further discovery

Mitochondrial physiology

As the knowledge base and importance of mitochondrial physiology to evolution, health and disease expands, the necessity for harmonizing the terminology concerning mitochondrial respiratory states and rates has become increasingly apparent. The chemiosmotic theory establishes the mechanism of energy transformation and coupling in oxidative phosphorylation. The unifying concept of the protonmotive force provides the framework for developing a consistent theoretical foundation of mitochondrial physiology and bioenergetics. We follow the latest SI guidelines and those of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) on terminology in physical chemistry, extended by considerations of open systems and thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The concept-driven constructive terminology incorporates the meaning of each quantity and aligns concepts and symbols with the nomenclature of classical bioenergetics. We endeavour to provide a balanced view of mitochondrial respiratory control and a critical discussion on reporting data of mitochondrial respiration in terms of metabolic flows and fluxes. Uniform standards for evaluation of respiratory states and rates will ultimately contribute to reproducibility between laboratories and thus support the development of data repositories of mitochondrial respiratory function in species, tissues, and cells. Clarity of concept and consistency of nomenclature facilitate effective transdisciplinary communication, education, and ultimately further discovery

The genetic architecture of the human cerebral cortex

The cerebral cortex underlies our complex cognitive capabilities, yet little is known about the specific genetic loci that influence human cortical structure. To identify genetic variants that affect cortical structure, we conducted a genome-wide association meta-analysis of brain magnetic resonance imaging data from 51,665 individuals. We analyzed the surface area and average thickness of the whole cortex and 34 regions with known functional specializations. We identified 199 significant loci and found significant enrichment for loci influencing total surface area within regulatory elements that are active during prenatal cortical development, supporting the radial unit hypothesis. Loci that affect regional surface area cluster near genes in Wnt signaling pathways, which influence progenitor expansion and areal identity. Variation in cortical structure is genetically correlated with cognitive function, Parkinson's disease, insomnia, depression, neuroticism, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Educação a distância e democratização do ensino superior: discussão à luz do pensamento de Dewey

Os textos de Dewey (1859-1952) apontam que o acesso à educação é uma das formas de tornar o indivíduo capaz de resolver problemas e atingir sua plenitude social. No Brasil, entre os grandes desafios da sociedade atual, está o de possibilitar o acesso ao ensino superior de uma forma mais justa e igualitária. Num cenário de constante mudança e com avanços tecnológicos de magnitudes nunca vistas anteriormente, a educação a distância (EAD) surge como uma possibilidade de acesso à educação. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste texto é discutir se a educação a distância é uma possibilidade de democratização do acesso ao ensino superior tendo o pensamento de John Dewey como referência para o que é democracia e sua influência na educação, na vida das pessoas e na sociedade de uma forma geral. Conclui-se que, dada a realidade e as necessidades do país, pode-se considerar a educação a distância como uma possibilidade real para uma ampla democratização do ensino superior