Estudio sobre tarifas de agua potable

En Guatemala los recursos disponibles para la introducción de agua potable son bastantes escasos, es de esperar que esta situación se agudicen en el futuro, dado el acelerado crecimiento demográfico del país, para contrarrestar esta tendencia, se hace indispensable el más eficiente desarrollo de las diversas funciones exigidas por los servicios de agua potable: planeamiento, diseño, financiamiento, construcción, supervisión, operación y mantenimiento

Determination of the main agricultural crops for the Metropolitan Puebla-Tlaxcala area using the Papadakis Methodology

Objective: The objective of this study is the application of methods to identify areas with potential for agricultural   Design/methodology/approach: The process was through calculations using monthly data, applying the Papadakis Methodology that was obtained in April 2022 from the database of the Mexican Institute of Water Technology (IMTA); Results: Potential areas were identified within the study area, through the Papadakis classification that contemplated five categories for crops such as: Optimal, very adequate, adequate, acceptable and unacceptable areas.   Limitations on study/implications:   It is desirable that the technological tools applied to agriculture can be easily exploited to achieve better results, proposing potential areas for peri-urban urban areas.   Findings/conclusions:   One of the major concerns for the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) is the loss of soils suitable for agricultural production. Peri-urban urban agriculture (UPA) takes relevance in the production of available food as an irreplaceable tool in the context of food and sustainability in urban areas. According to the present, this type of UPA is seeking to be recognized by political agendas and that the production obtained by this type of agricultural system can have a market where it can be offered. In addition to being considered as an alternative for the food security of the most unprotected localities in urban areas.agricultural crops in the Puebla-Tlaxcala Metropolitan Area (ZMPT). Design/methodology/approach: From April to June 2022, the classification process for identifying the main crops in the ZMPT was conducted. This process utilized monthly climatic data from the Mexican Institute of Water Technology (IMTA), analyzed through the Papadakis methodology (1970). Subsequently, the results were mapped using the Weighted Overlay (WO) tool in ArcGIS v.10.2. Results: The Papadakis methodology identified 10 seasonal crop types, particularly for summer and winter. The WO tool categorized potential areas into five classes: optimal, highly suitable, acceptable, and unacceptable for the establishment of several crops. Limitations on study/implications: This study has limitations due to incomplete and scarce databases and the complexity and cost associated with the software used. However, the implications for agriculture include the potential to enhance and diversify agricultural production by identifying optimal areas for establishment, especially in urban-peri-urban agricultural areas (UPAs). Findings/conclusions: This study successfully identified the main crops cultivated in the ZMPT and highlighted potential areas for their establishment. The generated cartographic information enables the strategic distribution of productive agricultural systems, particularly in UPAs, to adapt to regional climate fluctuations in the short, medium, and long term. Besides, an adequate distribution in the implementation of productive agricultural systems, particularly in UPAs, depending on fluctuations in the climatic conditions of the region

Experiencia y reflexión crítica desde el Programa de Formación de Profesores Noveles de la US a su implantación práctica docente en el campo de la Historia del Arte, en una puesta en marcha de las nuevas metodologías docentes, herramientas de aprendizaje y criterios de evaluación en su aplicación directa en el aula para la docencia de asignaturas de Historia y Patrimonio dentro del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior

Atendiendo a las líneas de trabajo y objetivos fundamentales que hemos advertido en los distintos programas de formación del profesorado novel universitario (con algunos ejemplos extraídos de programas de Universidades como Málaga, Jaume I de Castellón o la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona) y después de haber participado activamente en el programa organizado por la Universidad de Sevilla para la formación del profesorado novel universitario, presentamos en esta comunicación una serie de reflexiones en torno a la figura y formación del profesor novel en asignaturas de patrimonio. Como punto de partida, el Programa de Formación de Profesores Noveles nace como detección de una serie de necesidades y carencias de formación docente entre el profesorado universitario de reciente incorporación. Ello ha dado lugar a la creación de un proyecto de investigación, formación y consolidación de una serie de equipos docentes constituidos a partir de profesores noveles de la Universidad de Sevilla y un profesor mentor de la misma UniversidadFollowing the work lines and main tasks noted in different training programmes for university novel teaching staff (i.e. programmes of the University of Málaga, University Jaume I de Castellón, University Autónoma de Barcelona) and having been directly involved in Seville University`s programme, hereby we bring a number of reflections about the figure and training of novel professors related to heritage subjects. The starting point of the Novel Professors Training Programme has been the detection of a series of necessities and lack of skills among the new university professors. This led to create an investigation project with several teams formed by novel professors guided by a mentor, senior professor of the same Universi

Au pays maya des lacs et des marais recherches archéologiques et géographiques (1999-2001)

National audienceLes sociétés mayas des hautes terres ont connu un déclin culturel marqué à la fin du Préclassique (vers 100-250 apr. JC) au moment où, pour la plupart, les cités mayas des basses terres prenaient leur essor au début du Classique (250-300 apr. J.C.). Environ 600 ans plus tard, celles du Petén (Guatemala) étaient presque toutes abandonnées alors que celles des basses terres du nord connaissaient leur apogée jusqu'au début du Postclassique. En termes géographiques, il s'agit d'analyser l'évolution d'anthropo-systèmes formés en forêt tropicale humide de mousson, soit une des rares zones où s'est développée dans le passé une civilisation puissante, agricole et urbaine sur une longue durée. Le projet Petén nord-ouest La Joyanca a pour objet l'étude d'une communauté socio-politique de rang moyen, d'époque classique, située dans une région des basses terres jusqu'à présent quasiment inconnue du point de vue archéologique. Ce projet est particulier, d'une part car il associe une approche archéologique et géographique, cherchant à restituer l'histoire des hommes en même temps que l'histoire du milieu, d'autre part parce que l'initiative de cette recherche et son financement proviennent d'une compagnie pétrolière. Ce site de la Joyanca apporte des éléments nouveaux dans le corpus des "cités" mayas classiques des basses terres du Petén : désintégration du centre politico-religieux et des ensembles de palais, association étroite au centre, dans le temps et dans l'espace, des lieux de culte et d'un grand édifice politique complexe, faible densité de l'habitat

Database of spatial distribution of non indigenous species in Spanish marine waters

Research in marine Spanish waters are focused on several actions to achieve an effectively management on protected areas, with the active participation of the stakeholders and research as basic tools for decision-making. Among these actions, there is one about the knowledge and control on NIS. One of its objectives is the creation of NIS factsheets, which are going to be added to the National Marine Biodiversity Geographical System (GIS) providing complementary information about taxonomic classification, common names, taxonomic synonyms, species illustrations, identification morphological characters, habitat in the native and introduced regions, biological and ecological traits, GenBank DNA sequences, world distribution, first record and evolution in the introduced areas, likely pathways of introduction, effects in the habitats and interaction with native species, and potential management measures to apply. The database will also provide data for (1) the European online platforms, (2) the environmental assessment for the Descriptor 2 (D2-NIS) of the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD), as well as (3) supporting decisions made by stakeholders. It is the result of extensive collaboration among scientist, manager’s and citizen science in the Spanish North-Atlantic, South-Atlantic, Gibraltar Strait-Alboran, Levantine-Balearic and Canary Islands marine divisions, providing an updated overview of the spatial distribution of relevant extended and invasive NIS of recent and established NIS introduced by maritime transport and aquaculture pathways, as well as on cryptogenic or native species in expansion due to the climatic water warming trend

Comunidades, territorios y turismo en América Latina

Este libro es una suerte de regreso al futuro en la medida que intenta explicar la historia reciente del desarrollo turístico como parte de los males del capitalismo neoliberal globalizado, y al mismo tiempo tornar palpable las ventajas y oportunidades de ese otro turismo, enraizado en los paisajes naturales y culturales de las comunidades locales

BIM aplicado al patrimonio cultural

La asociación buildingSMART tiene como principal objetivo fomentar la eficacia en el sector de la construcción a través del uso de estándares abiertos de interoperabilidad con la metodología BIM (Building InformationMode-ling). Para ello, cuenta con una estructura de grupos de trabajo a nivel internacional para abordar diferentes cues-tiones al respecto. Sin embargo, en el ámbito del Patrimonio Cultural, no existe en la actualidad una aproximación internacional sobre el uso de BIM, y es por lo que buildingSMART Spanish Chapter ha puesto en marcha un grupo de trabajo abierto, denominado LEGEND–HBIM, y que está centrado en BIM aplicado al Patrimonio Cultural. De este modo, buildingSMART Spanish Chapter continua la laborde promover el uso de la metodología BIM a través de guías como esta, que supone una continuación de las guías uBIM publicadas en el año 2014

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication

Localización de centros poblados y caracterización de servicios públicos, utilizando el sistema QGIS para la cabecera municipal de Villa Canales, Guatemala

Determinar los límites de los centros poblados inscritos y localizar geográficamente la infraestructura de los servicios públicos así diagnosticar el funcionamiento y estado actual

Institutio regia, Institutio pontificia. Las pinturas de la Capilla General de Ánimas de Santiago de Compostela. Un programa iconográfico de caracter institucional

La reciente restauración del conjunto pictórico existente en la Capilla General de Ánimas de Santiago de Compostela en 2001, es el motivo de esta aproximación a uno de los programas ico­ nográficos más interesantes del panorama neoclásico gallego. El estudio de la decoración del arco toral de la capilla, así como de las pinturas conservadas en las paredes laterales del presbiterio, per­ mite comprobar la persistencia de una devoción profundamente arraigada como la del Purgatorio y el culto a las Banditas Ánimas, al mismo tiempo que este se conjuga con curiosas referencias al panorama político de la época a través de los retratos de Pío VII y Fernando VII, pontífice y monar­ ca respectivamente